1. Who is the constitutional head of the Indian Union?
A) Prime Minister
B) President
C) Vice-President
D) Chief Justice of India
Answer: B) President
Explanation: Article 52 states that India shall have a President, who is the constitutional head of the Union.
2. Under which Article is the office of President mentioned?
A) Article 52
B) Article 53
C) Article 54
D) Article 55
Answer: A) Article 52
Explanation: Article 52 provides for the President of India, establishing the office.
3. Who elects the President of India?
A) People directly
B) Members of Lok Sabha
C) Electoral College
D) Parliament alone
Answer: C) Electoral College
Explanation: Article 54 states that the President is elected by an Electoral College consisting of elected MPs and elected MLAs of states/UTs (Delhi & Puducherry).
4. Which method is used for Presidential elections in India?
A) First-Past-the-Post
B) Direct Voting
C) Proportional Representation by means of Single Transferable Vote
D) Simple Majority
Answer: C) Proportional Representation by means of Single Transferable Vote
Explanation: Article 55 provides this method ensuring proportionality and uniformity.
5. What is the minimum age to become President of India?
A) 25 years
B) 30 years
C) 35 years
D) 40 years
Answer: C) 35 years
Explanation: As per Article 58, a person must be at least 35 years old to contest.
6. Who administers the oath of office to the President?
A) Prime Minister
B) Speaker of Lok Sabha
C) Chief Justice of India
D) Vice-President
Answer: C) Chief Justice of India
Explanation: Article 60 – The oath is administered by the Chief Justice of India, or in his absence, the senior-most judge of the Supreme Court.
7. What is the term of office of the President?
A) 4 years
B) 5 years
C) 6 years
D) 7 years
Answer: B) 5 years
Explanation: Article 56 provides a five-year term from the date of entering office.
8. Can the President of India be re-elected?
A) No
B) Yes, only once
C) Yes, unlimited times
D) Only twice
Answer: C) Yes, unlimited times
Explanation: Constitution does not limit the number of terms. E.g., Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected twice.
9. Which Article deals with the manner of election of the President?
A) Article 52
B) Article 54
C) Article 56
D) Article 61
Answer: B) Article 54
Explanation: Article 54 prescribes the electoral college system for President’s election.
10. Who can remove the President from office?
A) Prime Minister
B) Parliament
C) Supreme Court
D) Electoral College
Answer: B) Parliament
Explanation: Article 61 provides impeachment by Parliament for violation of the Constitution.
11. What majority is required for impeachment of the President?
A) Simple majority
B) 2/3rd of members present and voting
C) 2/3rd of total membership of each House
D) Special majority of Electoral College
Answer: C) 2/3rd of total membership of each House
Explanation: Impeachment requires a two-thirds majority of the total membership of both Houses.
12. Who decides on disputes regarding Presidential elections?
A) Parliament
B) Election Commission
C) Supreme Court
D) Lok Sabha
Answer: C) Supreme Court
Explanation: Article 71 – Supreme Court is the final authority in Presidential election disputes.
13. In case of death of President, who acts as President?
A) Prime Minister
B) Chief Justice of India
C) Vice-President
D) Speaker of Lok Sabha
Answer: C) Vice-President
Explanation: Article 65 states Vice-President acts as President during vacancy.
14. Who fixes the salary and allowances of the President?
A) Prime Minister
B) Union Cabinet
C) Parliament
D) Finance Commission
Answer: C) Parliament
Explanation: Article 59 – Parliament determines President’s emoluments.
15. Present salary of the President of India (as of 2023)?
A) ₹1.5 lakh/month
B) ₹3 lakh/month
C) ₹5 lakh/month
D) ₹7 lakh/month
Answer: C) ₹5 lakh/month
Explanation: After the 2018 revision, President’s salary is ₹5 lakh per month.
16. President’s official residence is known as:
A) Janpath Bhawan
B) Rashtrapati Bhavan
C) Sansad Bhavan
D) India House
Answer: B) Rashtrapati Bhavan
Explanation: Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi is the President’s residence.
17. The first woman President of India was:
A) Indira Gandhi
B) Pratibha Patil
C) Sonia Gandhi
D) Draupadi Murmu
Answer: B) Pratibha Patil
Explanation: Pratibha Patil was the 12th President (2007–2012).
18. The first tribal woman President of India is:
A) Pratibha Patil
B) Draupadi Murmu
C) Meira Kumar
D) Sarojini Naidu
Answer: B) Draupadi Murmu
Explanation: Draupadi Murmu became the 15th President of India in 2022.
19. Who was the first President of India?
A) Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
B) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
C) Zakir Hussain
D) C. Rajagopalachari
Answer: B) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Explanation: Rajendra Prasad was the first President (1950–1962) and the only one to serve two terms.
20. Who was the shortest serving President of India?
A) Zakir Hussain
B) Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
C) Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
D) V.V. Giri
Answer: B) Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
Explanation: He served from 1974 to 1977 and died in office (2 years, 171 days).
21. Which President gave assent to the 42nd Constitutional Amendment (Mini Constitution)?
A) V.V. Giri
B) Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
C) Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
D) Giani Zail Singh
Answer: C) Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
Explanation: He signed the controversial 42nd Amendment during Emergency (1976).
22. Who was the first President to die in office?
A) Rajendra Prasad
B) Zakir Hussain
C) Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
D) V.V. Giri
Answer: B) Zakir Hussain
Explanation: Zakir Hussain died in 1969 while serving as President.
23. Who was the youngest President of India?
A) Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
B) V.V. Giri
C) R. Venkataraman
D) Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
Answer: A) Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
Explanation: He became President at 64 years in 1977.
24. Who was the first President to face impeachment proceedings?
A) Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
B) V.V. Giri
C) No President so far
D) R. Venkataraman
Answer: C) No President so far
Explanation: Though provision exists, no President has ever been impeached.
25. Who is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of India?
A) Prime Minister
B) Defence Minister
C) President
D) Cabinet Committee on Security
Answer: C) President
Explanation: Article 53 – The executive power of the Union is vested in the President, making him the Supreme Commander.
26. Who was the first Dalit President of India?
A) Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
B) K.R. Narayanan
C) Giani Zail Singh
D) R. Venkataraman
Answer: B) K.R. Narayanan
Explanation: K.R. Narayanan (1997–2002) was the first Dalit President of India.
27. Who was the first Sikh President of India?
A) Giani Zail Singh
B) Manmohan Singh
C) Charan Singh
D) Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
Answer: A) Giani Zail Singh
Explanation: Giani Zail Singh was the 7th President of India (1982–1987).
28. The President is elected for a term of:
A) 4 years
B) 5 years
C) 6 years
D) 7 years
Answer: B) 5 years
Explanation: Article 56 states that the President holds office for five years.
29. Who presides over the joint session of Parliament?
A) Prime Minister
B) President
C) Vice-President
D) Speaker of Lok Sabha
Answer: D) Speaker of Lok Sabha
Explanation: The President summons the joint session, but the Speaker presides over it.
30. The minimum number of proposers required for a Presidential candidate is:
A) 10
B) 50
C) 100
D) 20
Answer: B) 50
Explanation: A candidate must be proposed by at least 50 electors and seconded by 50 electors.
31. The security deposit for Presidential election is:
A) ₹10,000
B) ₹15,000
C) ₹20,000
D) ₹25,000
Answer: D) ₹25,000
Explanation: As per Presidential and Vice-Presidential Elections Act, the deposit is ₹25,000.
32. Who conducts the election of the President?
A) Parliament
B) Supreme Court
C) Election Commission of India
D) Prime Minister
Answer: C) Election Commission of India
Explanation: Article 324 – The Election Commission conducts Presidential elections.
33. The value of votes of MLAs in Presidential election is based on:
A) Equal distribution
B) Population of State (1971 Census)
C) Present Population
D) Number of MPs
Answer: B) Population of State (1971 Census)
Explanation: The value of MLA’s vote is calculated based on the 1971 Census population.
34. The value of MP’s vote in Presidential election is determined by:
A) Parliament
B) Election Commission
C) Dividing total value of MLA votes by total elected MPs
D) Supreme Court
Answer: C) Dividing total value of MLA votes by total elected MPs
Explanation: Formula ensures equality between Union and States in Presidential election.
35. Which Article mentions impeachment of President?
A) Article 54
B) Article 56
C) Article 61
D) Article 72
Answer: C) Article 61
Explanation: Article 61 provides the detailed procedure for impeachment.
36. The President can resign by addressing his resignation to:
A) Vice-President
B) Prime Minister
C) Chief Justice of India
D) Speaker of Lok Sabha
Answer: A) Vice-President
Explanation: Article 56 – President resigns by writing to the Vice-President.
37. Who was the first acting President of India?
A) B.D. Jatti
B) V.V. Giri
C) Zakir Hussain
D) Rajendra Prasad
Answer: B) V.V. Giri
Explanation: V.V. Giri acted as President after Zakir Hussain’s death in 1969.
38. Who was the second acting President of India?
A) Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
B) B.D. Jatti
C) R. Venkataraman
D) Giani Zail Singh
Answer: B) B.D. Jatti
Explanation: B.D. Jatti was Acting President after Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed’s death in 1977.
39. Who decides disputes regarding election of Vice-President and President?
A) Election Commission
B) Parliament
C) Supreme Court
D) Rajya Sabha
Answer: C) Supreme Court
Explanation: Article 71 – The Supreme Court adjudicates disputes in Presidential/Vice-Presidential elections.
40. Who nominates 12 members to the Rajya Sabha?
A) Prime Minister
B) President
C) Vice-President
D) Chief Justice of India
Answer: B) President
Explanation: Article 80 – The President nominates 12 members with special knowledge in literature, science, art, and social service.
41. Who nominates 2 Anglo-Indian members to Lok Sabha (till 2020)?
A) Prime Minister
B) President
C) Governor
D) Speaker
Answer: B) President
Explanation: Article 331 (before 104th Amendment, 2019) allowed President to nominate 2 Anglo-Indians to Lok Sabha.
42. Under which Article can the President dissolve Lok Sabha?
A) Article 83
B) Article 85
C) Article 352
D) Article 356
Answer: B) Article 85
Explanation: President can dissolve Lok Sabha under Article 85 on advice of Council of Ministers.
43. The power to pardon, reprieve, respite, remit or commute punishment lies with:
A) Prime Minister
B) Supreme Court
C) President
D) Governor
Answer: C) President
Explanation: Article 72 gives President clemency powers.
44. Which of the following is NOT a type of President’s pardon power?
A) Pardon
B) Reprieve
C) Respite
D) Adjournment
Answer: D) Adjournment
Explanation: Adjournment is related to legislature, not clemency powers.
45. President’s ordinance-making power is mentioned under:
A) Article 123
B) Article 124
C) Article 126
D) Article 356
Answer: A) Article 123
Explanation: Article 123 gives President power to promulgate ordinances when Parliament is not in session.
46. Who advises the President in India?
A) Governors
B) Prime Minister and Council of Ministers
C) Supreme Court
D) Parliament
Answer: B) Prime Minister and Council of Ministers
Explanation: Article 74 – President acts on aid and advice of Council of Ministers.
47. Who was the first President elected unopposed?
A) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
B) Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
C) V.V. Giri
D) K.R. Narayanan
Answer: B) Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
Explanation: In 1977, Neelam Sanjiva Reddy was elected unopposed as President.
48. Who represents India in international affairs?
A) Prime Minister
B) President
C) External Affairs Minister
D) Lok Sabha Speaker
Answer: B) President
Explanation: As Head of State, the President represents India in foreign relations.
49. The President of India must be qualified for election as:
A) Member of Lok Sabha
B) Member of Rajya Sabha
C) Either of the two Houses
D) Chief Justice of India
Answer: A) Member of Lok Sabha
Explanation: Article 58 – Candidate must be qualified to be elected as a member of Lok Sabha.
50. Who was the President during the Emergency of 1975–77?
A) Zakir Hussain
B) Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
C) Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
D) V.V. Giri
Answer: B) Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
Explanation: Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed was President during the 1975–77 Emergency declared by Indira Gandhi.
51. The President of India can be removed from office for:
A) Corruption
B) Misuse of power
C) Violation of the Constitution
D) Inefficiency
Answer: C) Violation of the Constitution
Explanation: Article 61 provides for impeachment of the President for violation of the Constitution only.
52. During impeachment, who frames the charges against the President?
A) Lok Sabha
B) Rajya Sabha
C) Either House of Parliament
D) Supreme Court
Answer: C) Either House of Parliament
Explanation: Impeachment motion can be initiated in either House and must be passed by two-thirds of total membership of both Houses.
53. Who has the power to summon and prorogue Parliament?
A) Prime Minister
B) Speaker of Lok Sabha
C) President
D) Rajya Sabha Chairman
Answer: C) President
Explanation: Article 85 empowers the President to summon, prorogue, and dissolve Lok Sabha.
54. Whose prior sanction is required before introducing certain bills in Parliament?
A) Prime Minister
B) Vice-President
C) Speaker of Lok Sabha
D) President
Answer: D) President
Explanation: For example, a Money Bill, bills involving state boundaries, or bills affecting taxation need prior Presidential recommendation.
55. Money Bills can be introduced in Lok Sabha only with the recommendation of:
A) Prime Minister
B) Finance Minister
C) President
D) Speaker of Lok Sabha
Answer: C) President
Explanation: Article 110 requires prior approval of the President before introducing a Money Bill.
56. The President addresses both Houses of Parliament assembled together at:
A) Each Budget Session
B) First Session after each General Election and at the start of each year
C) On Republic Day
D) During Emergency
Answer: B) First Session after each General Election and at the start of each year
Explanation: Article 87 mandates Presidential address at the beginning of the first session each year and first session after elections.
57. Which Article gives the President the power to grant pardons in death sentence cases?
A) Article 72
B) Article 74
C) Article 76
D) Article 78
Answer: A) Article 72
Explanation: President has exclusive power to pardon, reprieve, remit, commute, or suspend sentences, including death sentences.
58. Can the President return a Money Bill for reconsideration?
A) Yes, once
B) Yes, twice
C) No
D) Only in emergency
Answer: C) No
Explanation: President must give assent to a Money Bill; he cannot return it for reconsideration.
59. When can the President return an ordinary bill?
A) Never
B) Only once
C) Twice
D) Any number of times
Answer: B) Only once
Explanation: Article 111 – President can return a non-Money Bill once for reconsideration. If Parliament passes it again, he must assent.
60. Who decides on doubts and disputes regarding President’s election?
A) Parliament
B) Election Commission
C) Supreme Court
D) Prime Minister
Answer: C) Supreme Court
Explanation: Article 71 makes Supreme Court the authority for disputes related to Presidential elections.
61. Who appoints the Prime Minister of India?
A) Lok Sabha
B) President
C) Governor
D) Chief Justice of India
Answer: B) President
Explanation: Article 75 – The President appoints the Prime Minister and other ministers on PM’s advice.
62. Who appoints the Judges of Supreme Court and High Courts?
A) Prime Minister
B) President
C) Chief Justice of India
D) Parliament
Answer: B) President
Explanation: Articles 124 and 217 – Judges are appointed by the President.
63. Who appoints the Attorney General of India?
A) Prime Minister
B) President
C) Law Minister
D) Supreme Court
Answer: B) President
Explanation: Article 76 – The Attorney General is appointed by the President.
64. Who appoints the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India?
A) Prime Minister
B) Finance Minister
C) President
D) Parliament
Answer: C) President
Explanation: Article 148 – CAG is appointed by the President.
65. Who appoints the Governors of States?
A) Prime Minister
B) President
C) Parliament
D) Supreme Court
Answer: B) President
Explanation: Article 155 – The Governor of a state is appointed by the President.
66. Who appoints the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners?
A) Prime Minister
B) President
C) Parliament
D) Chief Justice of India
Answer: B) President
Explanation: Article 324 – President appoints Chief Election Commissioner and Election Commissioners.
67. Who appoints the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) Chairman and members?
A) Prime Minister
B) President
C) Parliament
D) Home Minister
Answer: B) President
Explanation: Article 316 – President appoints UPSC Chairman and members.
68. Who appoints the Finance Commission of India?
A) Prime Minister
B) Parliament
C) President
D) NITI Aayog
Answer: C) President
Explanation: Article 280 – Finance Commission is appointed by the President every 5 years.
69. Who lays the reports of CAG, UPSC, and Finance Commission before Parliament?
A) Prime Minister
B) Speaker of Lok Sabha
C) President
D) Vice-President
Answer: C) President
Explanation: Reports are submitted to the President, who lays them before Parliament.
70. In which case did the Supreme Court rule that President is bound by advice of Council of Ministers?
A) Kesavananda Bharati case
B) Shamsher Singh case
C) Indira Gandhi vs. Raj Narain case
D) Golaknath case
Answer: B) Shamsher Singh case (1974)
Explanation: The Supreme Court held that the President is a constitutional head and must act on advice of ministers.
71. Can the President declare a National Emergency without Cabinet recommendation?
A) Yes
B) No
C) Only in war
D) Only in internal disturbance
Answer: B) No
Explanation: 44th Amendment (1978) made it mandatory for President to act on written recommendation of Union Cabinet for Emergency.
72. Who has the power to declare President’s Rule in a state?
A) Prime Minister
B) Governor
C) President
D) Parliament
Answer: C) President
Explanation: Article 356 – President’s Rule is imposed by the President on Governor’s report or otherwise.
73. The President can proclaim Financial Emergency under which Article?
A) Article 352
B) Article 356
C) Article 360
D) Article 365
Answer: C) Article 360
Explanation: Article 360 empowers President to declare Financial Emergency.
74. The maximum duration of President’s Rule in a state (with Parliament’s approval) is:
A) 6 months
B) 1 year
C) 2 years
D) 3 years
Answer: D) 3 years
Explanation: Normally valid for 6 months, can be extended up to 3 years with parliamentary approval and EC certification.
75. Which Article empowers the President to declare a National Emergency?
A) Article 352
B) Article 356
C) Article 360
D) Article 365
Answer: A) Article 352
Explanation: Article 352 provides for National Emergency on grounds of war, external aggression, or armed rebellion.
76. Who was the President of India during the Indo-China war of 1962?
A) Rajendra Prasad
B) Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
C) Zakir Hussain
D) V.V. Giri
Answer: B) Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
Explanation: Dr. S. Radhakrishnan was President during the 1962 war.
77. Who was the President during the Indo-Pak war of 1971?
A) Zakir Hussain
B) V.V. Giri
C) Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
D) R. Venkataraman
Answer: B) V.V. Giri
Explanation: V.V. Giri was the President during the 1971 war with Pakistan.
78. Who was the President of India during the Kargil war (1999)?
A) K.R. Narayanan
B) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
C) R. Venkataraman
D) Pratibha Patil
Answer: A) K.R. Narayanan
Explanation: K.R. Narayanan was President during the Kargil conflict.
79. Who was the President when Emergency (1975–77) was proclaimed?
A) Zakir Hussain
B) Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
C) Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
D) Giani Zail Singh
Answer: B) Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
Explanation: He approved Emergency proclamation under Indira Gandhi’s advice.
80. Who appoints the Chief Justice of India?
A) Prime Minister
B) President
C) Law Minister
D) Collegium
Answer: B) President
Explanation: Article 124 – President appoints the CJI and other judges of Supreme Court.
81. The President is a part of which organ of the Government?
A) Executive
B) Legislature
C) Judiciary
D) Both Executive & Legislature
Answer: D) Both Executive & Legislature
Explanation: President is part of the Union Executive (Article 53) and also an integral part of Parliament (Article 79).
82. President’s assent is mandatory for which category of bills?
A) Ordinary Bill
B) Money Bill
C) Constitutional Amendment Bill
D) All of the above
Answer: B) Money Bill
Explanation: The President cannot withhold or return a Money Bill (Article 110).
83. Which President is known as the “People’s President”?
A) K.R. Narayanan
B) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
C) Pratibha Patil
D) Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
Answer: B) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Explanation: Due to his simplicity and connect with youth, Kalam was called the People’s President.
84. Who was the first Muslim President of India?
A) Zakir Hussain
B) Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
C) Abdul Kalam
D) Giani Zail Singh
Answer: A) Zakir Hussain
Explanation: Zakir Hussain became the first Muslim President in 1967.
85. Who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Forces of India?
A) Prime Minister
B) Defence Minister
C) President
D) Army Chief
Answer: C) President
Explanation: Article 53 – Executive power vests in President, making him Supreme Commander.
86. Can the President refuse to sign a Constitutional Amendment Bill?
A) Yes
B) No
C) Only in special cases
D) Only in Emergency
Answer: B) No
Explanation: Article 368 – President must give assent to Constitutional Amendment Bills.
87. Who was the President during the implementation of Mandal Commission report (1990)?
A) R. Venkataraman
B) Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
C) K.R. Narayanan
D) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Answer: A) R. Venkataraman
Explanation: R. Venkataraman (1987–1992) was the President when Mandal report was implemented.
88. Who was the President during Pokhran-II nuclear tests (1998)?
A) Shankar Dayal Sharma
B) K.R. Narayanan
C) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
D) Pratibha Patil
Answer: B) K.R. Narayanan
Explanation: K.R. Narayanan was President when India conducted nuclear tests in 1998.
89. Which Article requires President to be informed of all decisions of the Council of Ministers?
A) Article 74
B) Article 75
C) Article 77
D) Article 78
Answer: D) Article 78
Explanation: PM must communicate all decisions of Council to the President under Article 78.
90. Which President authored the book Turning Points?
A) K.R. Narayanan
B) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
C) Pratibha Patil
D) R. Venkataraman
Answer: B) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Explanation: Abdul Kalam wrote several books, including Wings of Fire and Turning Points.
91. Who was the first President to cast a vote in Lok Sabha elections while in office?
A) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
B) K.R. Narayanan
C) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
D) Pratibha Patil
Answer: B) K.R. Narayanan
Explanation: In 1998, K.R. Narayanan became the first sitting President to vote.
92. Who was the first President elected after being defeated in earlier elections?
A) V.V. Giri
B) Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
C) R. Venkataraman
D) Pratibha Patil
Answer: B) Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
Explanation: Reddy lost the 1969 Presidential election but was later elected unopposed in 1977.
93. Who appoints the Solicitor General of India?
A) Prime Minister
B) Law Minister
C) President
D) Chief Justice of India
Answer: C) President
Explanation: Like Attorney General, Solicitor General is appointed by the President.
94. Who was the President when the Right to Education Act (2009) was enacted?
A) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
B) K.R. Narayanan
C) Pratibha Patil
D) Ram Nath Kovind
Answer: C) Pratibha Patil
Explanation: RTE Act was enacted in 2009 during Pratibha Patil’s presidency.
95. The ordinance promulgated by the President must be approved by Parliament within:
A) 3 months
B) 4 months
C) 6 weeks
D) 2 months
Answer: C) 6 weeks
Explanation: Article 123 – Ordinances must be approved within 6 weeks of reassembly of Parliament.
96. Who was the President of India when GST was launched in 2017?
A) Pratibha Patil
B) Ram Nath Kovind
C) Pranab Mukherjee
D) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Answer: C) Pranab Mukherjee
Explanation: GST was launched on 1 July 2017 during Pranab Mukherjee’s term.
97. The President of India is elected by which system of voting?
A) Direct election
B) Indirect election by proportional representation
C) Simple majority
D) Nominated MPs and MLAs
Answer: B) Indirect election by proportional representation
Explanation: Article 54 – President is elected indirectly by Electoral College using proportional representation (single transferable vote).
98. Who became President after serving as Finance Minister and Defence Minister earlier?
A) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
B) Pranab Mukherjee
C) R. Venkataraman
D) Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
Answer: B) Pranab Mukherjee
Explanation: Pranab Mukherjee (2012–2017) had served as Finance, Defence, and External Affairs Minister before becoming President.
99. The President is the ______ authority in India.
A) Real executive
B) Nominal executive
C) Judicial authority
D) Legislative authority
Answer: B) Nominal executive
Explanation: In Parliamentary democracy, President is the nominal executive; real power lies with PM and Council of Ministers.
100. The oath of the President includes the promise to:
A) Uphold Constitution and law
B) Protect unity and integrity of India
C) Devote to service of people
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Article 60 – President’s oath includes preserving, protecting, defending Constitution, and serving people of India.