1. Vitamins are generally required in __________.
A) Large amounts
B) Moderate amounts
C) Very small amounts
D) Not required
Answer: C
Explanation: Vitamins are micronutrients, required in trace quantities for normal metabolism.
2. Vitamins are mainly classified based on __________.
A) Source
B) Function
C) Solubility
D) Structure
Answer: C
Explanation: Vitamins are classified as fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) and water-soluble (B-complex, C).
3. Fat-soluble vitamins include _________.
A) A, B, D, C
B) A, D, E, K
C) B, C only
D) A, B, K, C
Answer: B
Explanation: A, D, E, K dissolve in fats; B-complex & C are water-soluble.
4. Which vitamin is also called Retinol?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B1
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D
Answer: A
Explanation: Vitamin A = Retinol → essential for vision and skin health.
5. Deficiency of Vitamin A causes __________.
A) Scurvy
B) Night blindness
C) Rickets
D) Beriberi
Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin A deficiency → nyctalopia (night blindness).
6. The best source of Vitamin A is __________.
A) Citrus fruits
B) Green leafy vegetables & carrot
C) Milk only
D) Cereals
Answer: B
Explanation: Carrots, spinach, liver oil → rich in carotene (precursor of Vitamin A).
7. Vitamin D is also called __________.
A) Ascorbic acid
B) Calciferol
C) Riboflavin
D) Retinol
Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin D = Calciferol, formed in skin under sunlight.
8. Deficiency of Vitamin D in children causes __________.
A) Osteomalacia
B) Rickets
C) Pellagra
D) Scurvy
Answer: B
Explanation: Rickets → softening & bending of bones in children due to Vitamin D deficiency.
9. Deficiency of Vitamin D in adults causes __________.
A) Osteoporosis
B) Osteomalacia
C) Beriberi
D) Pellagra
Answer: B
Explanation: In adults, Vitamin D deficiency → soft bones (osteomalacia).
10. Vitamin E is also called __________.
A) Tocopherol
B) Thiamine
C) Riboflavin
D) Niacin
Answer: A
Explanation: Vitamin E (tocopherol) is an antioxidant, protects cell membranes.
11. Vitamin E deficiency causes __________.
A) Scurvy
B) Muscular dystrophy & sterility
C) Pellagra
D) Night blindness
Answer: B
Explanation: Deficiency of Vitamin E leads to degeneration of muscles, reproductive failure.
12. Vitamin K is essential for __________.
A) Bone growth
B) Blood clotting
C) Eye vision
D) Nerve impulse
Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin K helps in synthesis of prothrombin → blood clotting.
13. Deficiency of Vitamin K causes __________.
A) Rickets
B) Delayed blood clotting & hemorrhage
C) Pellagra
D) Scurvy
Answer: B
Explanation: Without Vitamin K, blood does not clot normally.
14. Which vitamin can be synthesized in human skin by sunlight?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin K
Answer: C
Explanation: UV light converts 7-dehydrocholesterol → Vitamin D3 in skin.
15. Which fat-soluble vitamin is an antioxidant?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin E
C) Vitamin K
D) Vitamin D
Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin E prevents oxidative damage to cell membranes.
16. Which vitamin is abundant in fish liver oil?
A) Vitamin C
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin B12
D) Vitamin K
Answer: B
Explanation: Cod-liver oil → rich in Vitamin D and A.
17. Vitamin A deficiency in children causes __________.
A) Scurvy
B) Xerophthalmia
C) Pellagra
D) Osteomalacia
Answer: B
Explanation: Xerophthalmia (dryness of cornea) can lead to blindness.
18. Which vitamin is required for calcium absorption?
A) Vitamin C
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin K
D) Vitamin A
Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin D helps intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus.
19. Which vitamin prevents rickets?
A) Vitamin C
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin A
D) Vitamin K
Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin D maintains bone mineralization, prevents rickets.
20. Which vitamin deficiency is rare because it is synthesized by gut bacteria?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin K
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin C
Answer: B
Explanation: Gut bacteria synthesize Vitamin K, so deficiency is uncommon.
21. Vitamin A is stored in __________.
A) Skin
B) Liver
C) Muscles
D) Kidney
Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin A stored in liver as retinyl esters.
22. Vitamin E deficiency may cause sterility because it __________.
A) Affects hormone secretion
B) Destroys RBCs
C) Causes poor calcium absorption
D) Affects muscle contraction
Answer: A
Explanation: Tocopherol maintains reproductive function in animals.
23. Vitamin D deficiency in old age leads to__________.
A) Rickets
B) Osteoporosis
C) Pellagra
D) Beriberi
Answer: B
Explanation: Lack of Vitamin D and calcium causes bone fragility in elderly.
24. Which vitamin is also called “Anti-sterility vitamin”?
A) Vitamin K
B) Vitamin E
C) Vitamin A
D) Vitamin C
Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin E ensures fertility, hence called anti-sterility vitamin.
25. Vitamin K is also known as__________.
A) Anti-rickets vitamin
B) Anti-clotting vitamin
C) Anti-hemorrhagic vitamin
D) Anti-scurvy vitamin
Answer: C
Explanation: Vitamin K prevents hemorrhage by aiding clotting.
26. Vitamin B1 is also called__________.
A) Riboflavin
B) Thiamine
C) Niacin
D) Pyridoxine
Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin B1 (thiamine) is essential for carbohydrate metabolism and nerve function.
27. Deficiency of Vitamin B1 causes__________.
A) Pellagra
B) Scurvy
C) Beriberi
D) Night blindness
Answer: C
Explanation: Beriberi causes weakness, paralysis, and heart failure.
28. Which vitamin is called the “anti-beriberi” vitamin?
A) Vitamin B2
B) Vitamin B1
C) Vitamin B3
D) Vitamin B6
Answer: B
Explanation: Thiamine deficiency → beriberi, hence called anti-beriberi vitamin.
29. Vitamin B2 is also known as __________.
A) Niacin
B) Riboflavin
C) Folic acid
D) Biotin
Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin B2 = Riboflavin → coenzyme in oxidation-reduction reactions.
30. Deficiency of Vitamin B2 causes __________.
A) Cheilosis and glossitis
B) Pellagra
C) Rickets
D) Night blindness
Answer: A
Explanation: B2 deficiency → cracks at mouth corners (cheilosis), inflamed tongue (glossitis).
31. Which vitamin is part of coenzymes FAD and FMN?
A) Vitamin B1
B) Vitamin B2
C) Vitamin B3
D) Vitamin B6
Answer: B
Explanation: Riboflavin forms coenzymes FAD & FMN, essential for respiration.
32. Vitamin B3 is also known as __________.
A) Niacin
B) Biotin
C) Thiamine
D) Pantothenic acid
Answer: A
Explanation: Vitamin B3 = Niacin → coenzyme NAD⁺/NADP⁺ in respiration.
33. Deficiency of Vitamin B3 causes __________.
A) Pellagra
B) Beriberi
C) Scurvy
D) Rickets
Answer: A
Explanation: Pellagra = dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia (“3 Ds”).
34. Which vitamin deficiency causes dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia?
A) Vitamin B1
B) Vitamin B3
C) Vitamin B6
D) Vitamin C
Answer: B
Explanation: The “3D disease” pellagra is due to Niacin deficiency.
35. Vitamin B5 is also called __________.
A) Biotin
B) Pantothenic acid
C) Pyridoxine
D) Niacin
Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin B5 forms part of Coenzyme A, vital for energy metabolism.
36. Deficiency of Vitamin B5 leads to __________.
A) Pellagra
B) Beriberi
C) Fatigue, numbness, burning feet syndrome
D) Night blindness
Answer: C
Explanation: Pantothenic acid deficiency → neurological symptoms, fatigue.
37. Vitamin B6 is also called __________.
A) Biotin
B) Pyridoxine
C) Riboflavin
D) Niacin
Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) → coenzyme in amino acid metabolism.
38. Deficiency of Vitamin B6 causes __________.
A) Microcytic anemia, convulsions
B) Rickets
C) Scurvy
D) Pellagra
Answer: A
Explanation: B6 deficiency affects hemoglobin synthesis and neurotransmitter metabolism.
39. Which vitamin is important for hemoglobin synthesis?
A) Vitamin B2
B) Vitamin B6
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin K
Answer: B
Explanation: Pyridoxine is essential for heme synthesis.
40. Vitamin B7 is also known as __________.
A) Niacin
B) Pantothenic acid
C) Biotin
D) Thiamine
Answer: C
Explanation: Vitamin B7 = Biotin → coenzyme in carboxylation reactions.
41. Deficiency of Biotin (B7) causes __________.
A) Hair loss, dermatitis, fatigue
B) Beriberi
C) Pellagra
D) Scurvy
Answer: A
Explanation: Biotin deficiency affects skin, hair, and metabolism.
42. Which vitamin is sometimes called “vitamin H”?
A) Riboflavin
B) Biotin
C) Pantothenic acid
D) Niacin
Answer: B
Explanation: Biotin is also called Vitamin H (from German Haar und Haut = hair & skin).
43. Thiamine deficiency affects mainly __________.
A) Nervous system
B) Bones
C) Skin
D) Eyes
Answer: A
Explanation: Thiamine deficiency → nerve degeneration (beriberi).
44. Pellagra can be prevented by intake of__________.
A) Thiamine
B) Riboflavin
C) Niacin
D) Vitamin C
Answer: C
Explanation: Niacin supplementation prevents pellagra.
45. Which vitamin can be synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan?
A) Vitamin B1
B) Vitamin B2
C) Vitamin B3
D) Vitamin B5
Answer: C
Explanation: Niacin (B3) can be synthesized in small amounts from tryptophan.
46. Riboflavin is destroyed by__________.
A) Heat
B) Light
C) Freezing
D) Boiling
Answer: B
Explanation: Riboflavin (B2) is light-sensitive; milk exposed to sunlight loses riboflavin.
47. Which vitamin is part of Coenzyme A?
A) B5 (Pantothenic acid)
B) B7 (Biotin)
C) B6 (Pyridoxine)
D) B3 (Niacin)
Answer: A
Explanation: Coenzyme A contains pantothenic acid, crucial in energy metabolism.
48. Biotin is a coenzyme for __________.
A) Amino acid metabolism
B) Carboxylation reactions
C) Oxidation-reduction reactions
D) Glycolysis
Answer: B
Explanation: Biotin is a cofactor for carboxylases in metabolism.
49. Which vitamin deficiency may be caused by eating too many raw egg whites (avidin binds it)?
A) Thiamine
B) Biotin
C) Niacin
D) Riboflavin
Answer: B
Explanation: Avidin in raw eggs binds biotin, causing deficiency.
50. Which B-complex vitamin deficiency is known as “burning feet syndrome”?
A) B1 (Thiamine)
B) B5 (Pantothenic acid)
C) B2 (Riboflavin)
D) B6 (Pyridoxine)
Answer: B
Explanation: Pantothenic acid deficiency causes burning feet and neurological issues.
51. Vitamin B9 is also known as __________.
A) Niacin
B) Folic acid
C) Biotin
D) Pyridoxine
Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin B9 = Folic acid, essential for DNA and RNA synthesis.
52. Deficiency of Vitamin B9 causes __________.
A) Rickets
B) Megaloblastic anemia
C) Pellagra
D) Scurvy
Answer: B
Explanation: Folic acid deficiency → improper DNA synthesis → enlarged, immature RBCs.
53. Pregnant women are advised folic acid supplements to prevent__________.
A) Scurvy
B) Neural tube defects in fetus
C) Pellagra
D) Osteomalacia
Answer: B
Explanation: Folic acid prevents spina bifida and other neural tube defects.
54. Good sources of folic acid include __________.
A) Citrus fruits only
B) Green leafy vegetables, legumes, liver
C) Meat only
D) Dairy products
Answer: B
Explanation: Rich sources of folate include spinach, broccoli, pulses, and liver.
55. Vitamin B12 is also called __________.
A) Cobalamin
B) Riboflavin
C) Thiamine
D) Niacin
Answer: A
Explanation: Vitamin B12 = Cobalamin, contains cobalt atom.
56. Deficiency of Vitamin B12 causes __________.
A) Pernicious anemia
B) Pellagra
C) Rickets
D) Night blindness
Answer: A
Explanation: B12 deficiency → failure in RBC maturation → pernicious anemia.
57. Vitamin B12 is absent in __________.
A) Animal foods
B) Plant foods
C) Dairy products
D) Meat and fish
Answer: B
Explanation: B12 occurs only in animal sources (meat, eggs, dairy); vegans risk deficiency.
58. Which vitamin requires “intrinsic factor” for absorption?
A) Vitamin B9
B) Vitamin B12
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin B2
Answer: B
Explanation: Intrinsic factor (from stomach) is essential for Vitamin B12 absorption.
59. Which vitamin deficiency is common in strict vegans?
A) Vitamin B2
B) Vitamin B12
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin K
Answer: B
Explanation: Since plant foods lack B12, vegans may develop anemia and neurological issues.
60. The only vitamin containing a metal atom is __________.
A) Vitamin B2
B) Vitamin B6
C) Vitamin B12
D) Vitamin C
Answer: C
Explanation: Cobalamin contains a cobalt atom at its core.
61. Vitamin C is also called __________.
A) Riboflavin
B) Ascorbic acid
C) Niacin
D) Thiamine
Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin C = Ascorbic acid, water-soluble antioxidant.
62. Deficiency of Vitamin C causes __________.
A) Pellagra
B) Scurvy
C) Rickets
D) Night blindness
Answer: B
Explanation: Scurvy → bleeding gums, loose teeth, poor wound healing.
63. Richest natural sources of Vitamin C are__________.
A) Amla, guava, citrus fruits
B) Milk and meat
C) Cereals and pulses
D) Fish and eggs
Answer: A
Explanation: Vitamin C is abundant in Indian gooseberry (amla), guava, oranges, lemons.
64. Vitamin C is important for synthesis of__________.
A) Hemoglobin
B) Collagen
C) Insulin
D) Thyroxine
Answer: B
Explanation: Ascorbic acid is required for collagen synthesis, maintaining connective tissue.
65. Vitamin C deficiency leads to__________.
A) Weak bones
B) Fragile blood vessels & delayed wound healing
C) Muscle wasting
D) Infertility
Answer: B
Explanation: Due to lack of collagen formation.
66. Which vitamin enhances absorption of iron?
A) Vitamin B12
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin A
D) Vitamin D
Answer: B
Explanation: Ascorbic acid reduces Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺, enhancing iron absorption.
67. Heat destroys which vitamin most easily?
A) Vitamin D
B) Vitamin A
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin K
Answer: C
Explanation: Vitamin C is highly heat-sensitive and water-soluble.
68. Which vitamin prevents scurvy?
A) Vitamin B1
B) Vitamin B2
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin A
Answer: C
Explanation: Vitamin C prevents scurvy → hence called “anti-scurvy vitamin”.
69. Which vitamin deficiency causes bleeding gums?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin E
Answer: B
Explanation: Scurvy due to Vitamin C deficiency leads to bleeding gums.
70. Which vitamin cannot be stored in the body in significant amounts?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin K
Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin C is water-soluble and not stored; needs daily intake.
71. Which vitamin is destroyed by cooking and prolonged storage?
a) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin E
Answer: B
Explanation: Cooking and storage degrade Vitamin C content in food.
72. Amla is a rich source of__________.
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B12
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D
Answer: C
Explanation: Indian gooseberry (amla) has very high Vitamin C content.
73. Which vitamin is needed for wound healing?
A) Vitamin C
B) Vitamin K
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin B6
Answer: A
Explanation: Vitamin C aids in collagen formation, crucial for wound repair.
74. Vitamin C acts as a __________.
A) Procoagulant
B) Antioxidant
C) Hormone
D) Mineral
Answer: B
Explanation: Ascorbic acid is a natural antioxidant protecting against free radicals.
75. The vitamin most abundant in amla and guava is__________.
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B12
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D
Answer: C
Explanation: These fruits are among the richest Vitamin C sources.
76. Which vitamin deficiency causes rickets?
A) Vitamin C
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin B1
D) Vitamin E
Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin D deficiency → poor calcium absorption → rickets in children.
77. Deficiency of Vitamin K causes__________.
A) Anemia
B) Bleeding & delayed clotting
C) Pellagra
D) Night blindness
Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin K is needed for prothrombin formation.
78. Pellagra is caused by deficiency of__________.
A) Vitamin B2
B) Vitamin B3
C) Vitamin B5
D) Vitamin C
Answer: B
Explanation: Niacin deficiency causes pellagra (3 Ds: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia).
79. Beriberi is caused by deficiency of __________.
A) Vitamin B1
B) Vitamin B2
C) Vitamin B3
D) Vitamin C
Answer: A
Explanation: Thiamine deficiency → beriberi (nerve and heart problems).
80. Scurvy is caused by deficiency of __________.
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin E
Answer: C
Explanation: Vitamin C deficiency damages collagen formation → bleeding gums, loose teeth.
81. Which vitamin deficiency causes pernicious anemia?
A) Vitamin B6
B) Vitamin B9
C) Vitamin B12
D) Vitamin C
Answer: C
Explanation: B12 deficiency → improper RBC maturation → pernicious anemia.
82. Which vitamin deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia?
A) Vitamin B9
B) Vitamin B2
C) Vitamin B1
D) Vitamin C
Answer: A
Explanation: Folic acid deficiency leads to enlarged immature RBCs.
83. Which vitamin deficiency is common in alcoholics?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B1
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D
Answer: B
Explanation: Chronic alcoholism interferes with thiamine absorption → Wernicke’s encephalopathy.
84. Which vitamin is synthesized in human large intestine by bacteria?
A) Vitamin B12 and Vitamin K
B) Vitamin A and D
C) Vitamin C only
D) Vitamin B1 and B2
Answer: A
Explanation: Gut flora produce Vitamin K and small amounts of B12.
85. Which vitamin deficiency causes neural tube defects in newborns?
A) Vitamin B2
B) Vitamin B3
C) Vitamin B9
D) Vitamin B12
Answer: C
Explanation: Folic acid deficiency in pregnancy causes spina bifida and anencephaly.
86. Which vitamin deficiency causes sterility in experimental animals?
A) Vitamin E
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin A
Answer: A
Explanation: Tocopherol deficiency → reproductive failure in animals.
87. Which vitamin is stored in the liver in large amounts?
A) Vitamin A and Vitamin D
B) Vitamin B and C
C) Vitamin K only
D) None
Answer: A
Explanation: Fat-soluble vitamins A and D are stored in the liver.
88. Which vitamin is also known as “anti-infective vitamin”?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin C
Answer: A
Explanation: Vitamin A maintains epithelial tissue integrity, preventing infections.
89. Which vitamin deficiency causes “burning feet syndrome”?
A) Vitamin B1
B) Vitamin B5
C) Vitamin B6
D) Vitamin B12
Answer: B
Explanation: Pantothenic acid deficiency → fatigue, numbness, burning sensation.
90. Which vitamin is destroyed by cooking/heat most easily?
A) Vitamin D
B) Vitamin A
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin E
Answer: C
Explanation: Ascorbic acid is heat-sensitive and water-soluble.
91. Which vitamin is also known as “anti-sterility vitamin”?
A) Vitamin B9
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin K
Answer: C
Explanation: Tocopherol maintains fertility in animals.
92. Which vitamin prevents rickets?
A) Vitamin C
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin A
D) Vitamin K
Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin D maintains calcium metabolism → prevents rickets.
93. Which vitamin is called “sunshine vitamin”?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin
Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin D is synthesized in skin by UV light exposure.
94. Which vitamin deficiency causes cheilosis and glossitis?
A) Vitamin B1
B) Vitamin B2
C) Vitamin B6
D) Vitamin C
Answer: B
Explanation: Riboflavin deficiency → cracks at mouth corners, inflamed tongue.
95. Which vitamin deficiency causes convulsions and anemia?
A) Vitamin B1
B) Vitamin B6
C) Vitamin B9
D) Vitamin C
Answer: B
Explanation: Pyridoxine deficiency → neurological problems + microcytic anemia.
96. Which vitamin deficiency causes night blindness?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B2
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D
Answer: A
Explanation: Retinol deficiency impairs formation of visual pigments.
97. Which vitamin is part of NAD and NADP?
A) Vitamin B1
B) Vitamin B2
C) Vitamin B3
D) Vitamin B6
Answer: C
Explanation: Niacin is a component of NAD⁺/NADP⁺ coenzymes.
98. Which vitamin is required for collagen synthesis?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B9
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D
Answer: C
Explanation: Ascorbic acid helps hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen formation.
99. Which vitamin is also known as “anti-hemorrhagic vitamin”?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin K
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin E
Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin K prevents bleeding by enabling clotting factor synthesis.
100. Which of the following statements about vitamins is correct?
A) All vitamins are synthesized in human body
B) Fat-soluble vitamins can be stored, water-soluble cannot (except B12)
C) Water-soluble vitamins are more toxic than fat-soluble
D) None
Answer: B
Explanation: Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) accumulate in body; water-soluble (B, C) are not stored except B12.