1. The system responsible for control and coordination in humans is _________.
A) Respiratory system
B) Nervous and endocrine systems
C) Circulatory system
D) Digestive system
Answer: B
Explanation: Nervous system controls quick responses; endocrine system regulates hormones.
2. The structural and functional unit of the nervous system is _________.
A) Axon
B) Dendrite
C) Neuron
D) Nerve
Answer: C
Explanation: Neurons transmit information through electrical impulses.
3. Which part of a neuron receives impulses?
A) Axon
B) Dendrite
C) Myelin sheath
D) Synapse
Answer: B
Explanation: Dendrites receive signals from other neurons or receptors.
4. Which part of neuron carries impulse away from cell body?
A) Axon
B) Dendrite
C) Soma
D) Nissl’s granules
Answer: A
Explanation: Axon transmits signals to next neuron or effector.
5. The gap between two neurons is called_________.
A) Synapse
B) Node of Ranvier
C) Myelin sheath
D) Axolemma
Answer: A
Explanation: Synapse transmits impulses chemically via neurotransmitters.
6. Which chemical helps in transmission of impulse across synapse?
A) Insulin
B) Acetylcholine
C) Thyroxine
D) Pepsin
Answer: B
Explanation: Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that transmits impulses across synapses.
7. The insulating covering of axons is_________.
A) Dendrite
B) Myelin sheath
C) Synaps
D) Gray matter
Answer: B
Explanation: Myelin sheath increases speed of nerve impulse conduction.
8. Neurons without myelin sheath are called_________.
A) Gray matter neurons
B) White matter neurons
C) Non-nervous cells
D) Sensory receptors
Answer: A
Explanation: Non-myelinated neurons form gray matter; myelinated neurons form white matter.
9. Which type of neuron carries impulses from sense organs to CNS?
A) Motor neurons
B) Sensory neurons
C) Relay neurons
D) Effector neurons
Answer: B
Explanation: Sensory neurons transmit impulses from receptors to CNS.
10. Motor neurons carry signals from_________.
A) CNS to muscles/glands
B) Muscles to CNS
C) One neuron to another
D) Brain to spinal cord only
Answer: A
Explanation: Motor neurons connect CNS to effectors like muscles and glands.
11. Which neurons connect sensory and motor neurons?
A) Relay (interneurons)
B) Sensory neurons
C) Axonal neurons
D) Dendritic neurons
Answer: A
Explanation: Relay neurons link sensory and motor neurons inside CNS.
12. Which ion plays the key role in nerve impulse conduction?
A) Calcium
B) Potassium
C) Sodium
D) Both sodium and potassium
Answer: D
Explanation: Sodium-potassium exchange creates action potential in neurons.
13. The time taken for a nerve impulse to recover is called_________.
A) Refractory period
B) Latent period
C) Resting period
D) Impulse gap
Answer: A
Explanation: Refractory period ensures impulses travel in one direction only.
14. The speed of nerve impulse in myelinated neurons is_________.
A) Slower than non-myelinated
B) Faster than non-myelinated
C) Same as non-myelinated
D) Zero
Answer: B
Explanation: Myelin sheath enables saltatory conduction, speeding impulses.
15. Which part of the nervous system includes brain and spinal cord?
A) CNS
B) PNS
C) ANS
D) SNS
Answer: A
Explanation: Central Nervous System (CNS) consists of brain and spinal cord.
16. Which part of nervous system connects CNS to body parts?
A) PNS
B) CNS
C) ANS
D) SNS
Answer: A
Explanation: Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) includes cranial and spinal nerves.
17. Which system controls involuntary actions like heartbeat?
A) CNS
B) PNS
C) ANS
D) SNS
Answer: C
Explanation: Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) regulates involuntary activities.
18. Sympathetic nervous system generally_________.
A) Relaxes body
B) Prepares body for emergency (fight or flight)
C) Increases digestion
D) Decreases heart rate
Answer: B
Explanation: Sympathetic nerves increase heart rate, respiration, and energy supply.
19. Parasympathetic nervous system generally_________.
A) Prepares for fight
B) Conserves energy and calms body
C) Stops digestion
D) Stops sleep
Answer: B
Explanation: Parasympathetic nerves promote rest, digestion, and recovery.
20. Which nervous system controls voluntary actions?
A) ANS
B) CNS
C) Somatic nervous system
D) Parasympathetic nervous system
Answer: C
Explanation: Somatic system controls voluntary movements like walking.
21. The nervous system works along with_________.
A) Endocrine system
B) Digestive system
C) Respiratory system
D) Reproductive system
Answer: A
Explanation: Both systems regulate and coordinate body activities.
22. Which part of neuron contains nucleus?
A) Axon
B) Soma (cell body)
C) Dendrite
D) Synapse
Answer: B
Explanation: The cell body contains the nucleus and Nissl’s granules.
23. Nissl’s granules in neuron are made of_________.
A) Protein
B) Lipid
C) RNA and proteins
D) DNA only
Answer: C
Explanation: Nissl’s granules help in protein synthesis inside neurons.
24. The junction between axon terminal and muscle fiber is called_________.
A) Neurofibril junction
B) Neuromuscular junction
C) Synapse
D) Motor cord
Answer: B
Explanation: Here motor neurons transmit impulses to muscles.
25. Which neurotransmitter deficiency causes Parkinson’s disease?
A) Dopamine
B) Acetylcholine
C) Serotonin
D) GABA
Answer: A
Explanation: Low dopamine levels in brain cause Parkinson’s symptoms.
26. The human brain is protected by_________.
A) Ribs
B) Skull
C) Sternum
D) Spine
Answer: B
Explanation: The skull (cranium) encloses and protects the brain.
27. The protective fluid around the brain and spinal cord is_________.
A) Blood
B) Synovial fluid
C) Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
D) Lymph
Answer: C
Explanation: CSF cushions the brain and spinal cord, protecting against shocks.
28. The largest part of the human brain is_________.
A) Cerebellum
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Cerebrum
D) Hypothalamus
Answer: C
Explanation: The cerebrum controls intelligence, memory, voluntary actions, and sensory processing.
29. Which part of brain coordinates voluntary movements and balance?
A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Medulla
D) Hypothalamus
Answer: B
Explanation: The cerebellum maintains posture, balance, and fine muscle coordination.
30. Which part of the brain controls involuntary actions like heartbeat and breathing?
A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Thalamus
Answer: C
Explanation: Medulla controls vital involuntary activities such as heartbeat and respiration.
31. Which part of brain regulates body temperature and hunger?
A) Thalamus
B) Cerebellum
C) Hypothalamus
D) Medulla
Answer: C
Explanation: Hypothalamus regulates temperature, hunger, thirst, and hormone control.
32. The relay center of the brain for sensory information is_________.
A) Thalamus
B) Hypothalamus
C) Medulla
D) Cerebellum
Answer: A
Explanation: Thalamus acts as a relay station for sensory and motor signals.
33. The brain is divided into how many main regions?
A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five
Answer: B
Explanation: Forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain are the three major regions.
34. The forebrain consists of_________.
A) Cerebellum, medulla, pons
B) Cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus
C) Midbrain, pons, medulla
D) Spinal cord and cerebellum
Answer: B
Explanation: These structures form the forebrain, responsible for higher functions.
35. The hindbrain consists of_________.
A) Medulla, pons, cerebellum
B) Thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebrum
C) Midbrain and pons
D) Cerebrum only
Answer: A
Explanation: Hindbrain controls involuntary functions, coordination, and balance.
36. The midbrain is mainly associated with:
A) Balance and posture
B) Vision and hearing reflexes
C) Breathing
D) Memory
Answer: B
Explanation: Midbrain controls reflex movements of eyes and auditory responses.
37. Which lobe of cerebrum is associated with vision?
A) Frontal lobe
B) Parietal lobe
C) Temporal lobe
D) Occipital lobe
Answer: D
Explanation: The occipital lobe processes visual information.
38. Which lobe of cerebrum controls speech and reasoning?
A) Frontal lobe
B) Parietal lobe
C) Temporal lobe
D) Occipital lobe
Answer: A
Explanation: The frontal lobe controls thinking, speech, and voluntary movement.
39. Which part of brain controls smell?
A) Frontal lobe
B) Temporal lobe
C) Olfactory bulb
D) Cerebellum
Answer: C
Explanation: Olfactory bulbs in the forebrain process smell.
40. Which part of brain regulates emotions like fear and pleasure?
A) Medulla
B) Limbic system
C) Cerebellum
D) Pons
Answer: B
Explanation: The limbic system governs emotions and memory.
41. Which part of the nervous system controls reflex actions?
A) Brain
B) Spinal cord
C) Cerebellum
D) Medulla
Answer: B
Explanation: Reflexes are automatic responses controlled by spinal cord.
42. The path taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called_________.
A) Reflex arc
B) Nerve arc
C) Impulse arc
D) Motor arc
Answer: A
Explanation: Reflex arc includes receptor → sensory neuron → spinal cord → motor neuron → effector.
43. Knee-jerk response is an example of_________.
A) Voluntary action
B) Reflex action
C) Hormonal action
D) Conditioned action
Answer: B
Explanation: Knee-jerk is a simple reflex controlled by spinal cord.
44. Reflex actions are_________.
A) Voluntary
B) Involuntary
C) Both voluntary and involuntary
D) Conditional
Answer: B
Explanation: Reflexes occur automatically without conscious effort.
45. Which of the following is NOT a reflex action?
A) Sneezing
B) Blinking
C) Walking
D) Coughing
Answer: C
Explanation: Walking is a voluntary, coordinated action. Others are reflexes.
46. Conditioned reflex was first demonstrated by_________.
A) Pavlov
B) Darwin
C) Newton
D) Harvey
Answer: A
Explanation: Ivan Pavlov showed conditioned reflexes in dogs (salivation to bell sound).
47. Which nerve connects the eye to the brain?
A) Auditory nerve
B) Optic nerve
C) Olfactory nerve
D) Trigeminal nerve
Answer: B
Explanation: Optic nerve transmits visual information to the brain.
48. Which nerve controls hearing and balance?
A) Auditory (vestibulocochlear) nerve
B) Optic nerve
C) Olfactory nerve
D) Vagus nerve
Answer: A
Explanation: This nerve transmits sound and balance information from ear to brain.
49. The longest nerve in the human body is_________.
A) Sciatic nerve
B) Optic nerve
C) Vagus nerve
D) Facial nerve
Answer: A
Explanation: Sciatic nerve extends from spinal cord to the legs.
50. Which part of brain is affected in Parkinson’s disease?
A) Cerebellum
B) Midbrain (substantia nigra)
C) Medulla
D) Cerebrum
Answer: B
Explanation: Degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in substantia nigra causes Parkinson’s.
51. The human eye is an organ of_________.
A) Hearing
B) Sight
C) Touch
D) Smell
Answer: B
Explanation: The eye detects light and converts it into electrical signals for vision.
52. The colored part of the eye that controls entry of light is_________.
A) Retina
B) Iris
C) Cornea
D) Lens
Answer: B
Explanation: The iris regulates pupil size and controls amount of light entering.
53. The transparent layer covering the front of the eye is_________.
A) Retina
B) Cornea
C) Iris
D) Lens
Answer: B
Explanation: The cornea bends light rays towards the lens.
54. The eye lens is held in place by_________.
A) Optic nerve
B) Ciliary muscles
C) Iris
D) Retina
Answer: B
Explanation: Ciliary muscles adjust lens curvature for focusing (accommodation).
55. The innermost light-sensitive layer of the eye is_________.
A) Retina
B) Cornea
C) Sclera
D) Iris
Answer: A
Explanation: Retina has photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) that detect light.
56. Which cells in retina help in night vision?
A) Cones
B) Rods
C) Bipolar cells
D) Ganglion cells
Answer: B
Explanation: Rods are sensitive to dim light, enabling night vision.
57. Which cells in retina detect colors?
A) Rods
B) Cones
C) Bipolar cells
D) Ganglion cells
Answer: B
Explanation: Cones are responsible for color vision in bright light.
58. The point where optic nerve leaves the eye is called_________.
A) Blind spot
B) Yellow spot
C) Retina
D) Pupil
Answer: A
Explanation: No photoreceptors are present at the optic disc → no image formation.
59. The area of retina with maximum cone cells is_________.
A) Blind spot
B) Fovea centralis (yellow spot)
C) Cornea
D) Optic nerve
Answer: B
Explanation: Fovea provides sharpest vision due to high cone density.
60. The defect where nearby objects appear blurred is_________.
A) Myopia
B) Hypermetropia
C) Presbyopia
D) Astigmatism
Answer: B
Explanation: Hypermetropia = farsightedness → nearby objects blurred, corrected with convex lens.
61. The defect where distant objects appear blurred is_________.
A) Myopia
B) Hypermetropia
C) Presbyopia
D) Color blindness
Answer: A
Explanation: Myopia = nearsightedness → distant objects blurred, corrected with concave lens.
62. Age-related loss of accommodation in eyes is called_________.
A) Myopia
B) Presbyopia
C) Astigmatism
D) Hypermetropia
Answer: B
Explanation: Presbyopia occurs due to reduced flexibility of lens in old age.
63. The inability to distinguish colors is_________.
A) Presbyopia
B) Color blindness
C) Cataract
D) Astigmatism
Answer: B
Explanation: Caused by absence/deficiency of cone pigments, often inherited.
64. Cataract is caused by_________.
A) Damage to optic nerve
B) Lens becoming opaque
C) Loss of rods
D) Fluid imbalance in eye
Answer: B
Explanation: Cataract clouds the lens, leading to blurred vision.
65. The normal image formed in human eye is _________.
A) Real and upright
B) Real and inverted
C) Virtual and inverted
D) Virtual and upright
Answer: B
Explanation: Lens forms real, inverted image on retina; brain interprets it upright.
66. The fluid filling the eye behind the lens is_________.
A) Aqueous humor
B) Vitreous humor
C) Synovial fluid
D) Lymph
Answer: B
Explanation: Vitreous humor maintains eye shape and optical path.
67. The ear is primarily the organ of_________.
A) Balance and smell
B) Hearing and balance
C) Hearing only
D) Balance only
Answer: B
Explanation: Ear functions in sound perception and body equilibrium.
68. The outer ear consists of _________.
A) Pinna and ear canal
B) Eardrum and ossicles
C) Cochlea and semicircular canals
D) Eustachian tube
Answer: A
Explanation: Pinna collects sound and directs it to ear canal.
69. The eardrum is scientifically called_________.
A) Tympanic membrane
B) Cochlea
C) Ossicle
D) Vestibule
Answer: A
Explanation: The tympanic membrane vibrates in response to sound waves.
70. The three small bones of middle ear are_________.
A) Hammer, anvil, stirrup
B) Malleus, incus, stapes
C) Both (a) and (b)
D) Cochlea, semicircular canal, vestibule
Answer: C
Explanation: Ossicles (malleus/hammer, incus/anvil, stapes/stirrup) amplify sound vibrations.
71. Which part of the inner ear helps in hearing?
A) Cochlea
B) Semicircular canals
C) Vestibule
D) Utricle
Answer: A
Explanation: Cochlea contains organ of Corti with hair cells that detect sound.
72. Which part of ear helps maintain balance and posture?
A) Cochlea
B) Tympanum
C) Semicircular canals
D) Ossicles
Answer: C
Explanation: Semicircular canals detect head movements and maintain equilibrium.
73. The tube that equalizes air pressure in middle ear is_________.
A) Cochlear duct
B) Eustachian tube
C) Vestibular canal
D) Oval window
Answer: B
Explanation: The Eustachian tube connects middle ear to throat, balancing pressure.
74. Hearing loss due to old age is called _________.
A) Myopia
B) Presbycusis
C) Tinnitus
D) Vertigo
Answer: B
Explanation: Presbycusis is age-related hearing impairment.
75. The ringing sound in the ear without external noise is_________.
A) Vertigo
B) Presbycusis
C) Tinnitus
D) Otitis
Answer: C
Explanation: Tinnitus is a buzzing or ringing sensation in ears due to ear or nerve issues.
76. The system that controls long-term coordination in humans is_________.
A) Nervous system
B) Endocrine system
C) Circulatory system
D) Skeletal system
Answer: B
Explanation: Endocrine system regulates metabolism, growth, reproduction, and stress responses via hormones.
77. Hormones are secreted by_________.
A) Exocrine glands
B) Endocrine glands
C) Salivary glands
D) Digestive glands
Answer: B
Explanation: Endocrine glands are ductless glands that release hormones directly into blood.
78. The “master gland” of the human body is_________.
A) Thyroid gland
B) Pituitary gland
C) Adrenal gland
D) Pancreas
Answer: B
Explanation: Pituitary controls growth and regulates other endocrine glands.
79. The hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary for growth is_________.
A) Insulin
B) GH (Growth Hormone)
C) Thyroxine
D) Cortisol
Answer: B
Explanation: GH regulates growth of bones and muscles.
80. Over-secretion of GH in childhood leads to_________.
A) Dwarfism
B) Gigantism
C) Acromegaly
D) Cretinism
Answer: B
Explanation: Excess GH before puberty causes gigantism (abnormally tall growth).
81. Deficiency of GH in childhood causes_________.
A) Acromegaly
B) Dwarfism
C) Cretinism
D) Diabetes
Answer: B
Explanation: GH deficiency in children leads to short stature (dwarfism).
82. The gland located in the neck region is_________.
A) Adrenal
B) Pituitary
C) Thyroid
D) Pineal
Answer: C
Explanation: Thyroid gland lies in the neck and secretes thyroxine.
83. Thyroxine hormone requires which element?
A) Calcium
B) Sodium
C) Iodine
D) Iron
Answer: C
Explanation: Iodine is essential for thyroxine synthesis.
84. Deficiency of iodine in diet causes_________.
A) Diabetes
B) Goiter
C) Anemia
D) Rickets
Answer: B
Explanation: Iodine deficiency enlarges thyroid gland, leading to goiter.
85. Cretinism is caused by deficiency of_________.
A) Insulin in adults
B) Thyroxine in children
C) GH in adults
D) Cortisol in children
Answer: B
Explanation: Low thyroxine during childhood causes mental retardation and stunted growth (cretinism).
86. The “emergency hormone” is_________.
A) Thyroxine
B) Adrenaline
C) Insulin
D) Cortisone
Answer: B
Explanation: Adrenaline prepares the body for fight-or-flight responses.
87. Adrenal glands are located_________.
A) In the brain
B) Above kidneys
C) In pancreas
D) Below lungs
Answer: B
Explanation: Each adrenal gland sits on top of a kidney.
88. Which hormone regulates blood sugar by decreasing glucose level?
A) Adrenaline
B) Thyroxine
C) Insulin
D) Glucagon
Answer: C
Explanation: Insulin (pancreas) lowers blood sugar by promoting glucose uptake.
89. Deficiency of insulin causes_________.
A) Diabetes insipidus
B) Diabetes mellitus
C) Cretinism
D) Goiter
Answer: B
Explanation: Insulin deficiency increases blood glucose (hyperglycemia).
90. Glucagon hormone_________.
A) Decreases blood sugar
B) Increases blood sugar
C) Maintains body temperature
D) Controls calcium levels
Answer: B
Explanation: Glucagon raises glucose level by converting glycogen into glucose.
91. The gland also acting as both endocrine and exocrine gland is_________.
A) Pituitary
B) Adrenal
C) Pancreas
D) Thyroid
Answer: C
Explanation: Pancreas secretes insulin & glucagon (endocrine) and digestive enzymes (exocrine).
92. The hormone regulating calcium metabolism is_________.
A) Insulin
B) Parathormone
C) Adrenaline
D) Cortisol
Answer: B
Explanation: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates calcium and phosphate balance.
93. Tetany (muscle spasm) is caused by deficiency of_________.
A) Calcium
B) Sodium
C) Potassium
D) Chloride
Answer: A
Explanation: Lack of PTH reduces blood calcium → muscle spasms (tetany).
94. The pineal gland secretes_________.
A) Melatonin
B) Cortisol
C) Insulin
D) Thyroxine
Answer: A
Explanation: Melatonin regulates biological clock, sleep-wake cycles.
95. The thymus gland is mainly active during_________.
A) Infancy and childhood
B) Old age
C) Adulthood only
D) After 50 years
Answer: A
Explanation: Thymus produces thymosin, important for immunity in children.
96. The hormone responsible for female secondary sexual characters is_________.
A) Testosterone
B) Progesterone
C) Estrogen
D) Oxytocin
Answer: C
Explanation: Estrogen promotes female traits like breast development and menstrual cycle.
97. The hormone responsible for male secondary sexual characters is_________.
A) Progesterone
B) Estrogen
C) Testosterone
D) LH
Answer: C
Explanation: Testosterone promotes male traits like beard, voice change, muscle growth.
98. Oxytocin hormone is secreted by_________.
A) Thyroid
B) Adrenal
C) Pituitary (posterior lobe)
D) Pancreas
Answer: C
Explanation: Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection.
99. Which hormone is also called the “milk let-down hormone”?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Prolactin
D) Oxytocin
Answer: D
Explanation: Oxytocin helps in milk ejection from mammary glands during breastfeeding.
100. Which pair of hormones regulates blood sugar levels?
A) Insulin and glucagon
B) Thyroxine and parathormone
C) GH and cortisol
D) Adrenaline and estrogen
Answer: A
Explanation: Insulin lowers, and glucagon raises blood glucose → together they maintain balance.