1. The study of food and its relation to health is called ___________.
A) Biology
B) Dietetics
C) Nutrition
D) Hygiene
Answer: C
Explanation: Nutrition is the science of food, nutrients, and their effect on growth and health.
2. Which of the following is NOT a nutrient?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Fats
D) Oxygen
Answer: D
Explanation: Oxygen is essential for respiration but not classified as a nutrient.
3. Nutrients that provide energy are ___________.
A) Vitamins and minerals
B) Carbohydrates, proteins, fats
C) Water and roughage
D) Enzymes
Answer: B
Explanation: Energy is mainly derived from carbohydrates and fats; proteins act as backup.
4. The nutrient required for growth and repair of tissues is ___________.
A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Fats
D) Vitamins
Answer: B
Explanation: Proteins are called body-building foods.
5. Protective foods are ___________.
A) Carbohydrates and fats
B) Vitamins and minerals
C) Proteins only
D) Roughage
Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamins and minerals protect the body against diseases.
6. Energy in diet is measured in ___________.
A) Joules or Calories
B) Volts
C) Watts
D) Newtons
Answer: A
Explanation: Food energy is expressed in kilocalories (kcal) or joules.
7. 1 gram of carbohydrate provides ___________.
A) 2 kcal
B) 4 kcal
C) 7 kcal
D) 9 kcal
Answer: B
Explanation: Carbohydrates provide ~4 kcal/g.
8. 1 gram of protein provides ___________.
A) 2 kcal
B) 4 kcal
C) 7 kcal
D) 9 kcal
Answer: B
Explanation: Proteins provide ~4 kcal/g.
9. 1 gram of fat provides ___________.
A) 2 kcal
B) 4 kcal
C) 7 kcal
D) 9 kcal
Answer: D
Explanation: Fats are most energy-dense macronutrients.
10. Which nutrient does not provide energy?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Fats
C) Proteins
D) Vitamins
Answer: D
Explanation: Vitamins are essential for metabolism but not energy-yielding.
11. Which nutrient is essential to maintain body temperature and as a solvent?
A) Vitamins
B) Water
C) Fats
D) Minerals
Answer: B
Explanation: Water regulates temperature, transports nutrients, and removes waste.
12. Roughage in diet mainly consists of ___________.
A) Starch
B) Cellulose
C) Proteins
D) Sugars
Answer: B
Explanation: Roughage (dietary fiber) is indigestible cellulose that helps bowel movement.
13. A balanced diet is one which contains ___________.
A) Carbohydrates only
B) Proteins only
C) All nutrients in proper proportion
D) Fats and water only
Answer: C
Explanation: A balanced diet provides carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water, and fiber in correct amounts.
14. Which food group provides quick energy?
A) Proteins
B) Carbohydrates
C) Fats
D) Minerals
Answer: B
Explanation: Carbohydrates are the immediate source of energy.
15. Milk is considered a complete food because ___________.
A) It contains only proteins
B) It contains all nutrients
C) It is liquid
D) It contains water only
Answer: B
Explanation: Milk has proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals.
16. Which nutrient is known as “body’s fuel”?
A) Vitamins
B) Minerals
C) Carbohydrates
D) Proteins
Answer: C
Explanation: Carbohydrates are the primary energy source.
17. The main source of protein in vegetarian diet is ___________.
A) Pulses and legumes
B) Fruits
C) Milk
D) Oils
Answer: A
Explanation: Pulses provide plant-based proteins.
18. Protective foods in diet include ___________.
A) Rice and wheat
B) Fruits and vegetables
C) Oil and ghee
D) Meat and fish
Answer: B
Explanation: Rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.
19. Kwashiorkor and marasmus are diseases caused by deficiency of:
A) Proteins
B) Carbohydrates
C) Vitamins
D) Fats
Answer: A
Explanation: Both are severe protein deficiency disorders in children.
20. Vitamin needed for blood clotting is ___________.
A) A
B) D
C) K
D) C
Answer: C
Explanation: Vitamin K helps in synthesis of prothrombin for clotting.
21. Vitamin needed for healthy vision is ___________.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: A
Explanation: Vitamin A prevents night blindness and maintains eye health.
22. Vitamin essential for strong bones is ___________.
A) A
B) D
C) E
D) K
Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin D aids absorption of calcium and phosphorus.
23. Deficiency of Vitamin C causes ___________.
A) Scurvy
B) Rickets
C) Night blindness
D) Pellagra
Answer: A
Explanation: Vitamin C deficiency causes bleeding gums, poor wound healing.
24. Mineral essential for hemoglobin formation is ___________.
A) Calcium
B) Iron
C) Phosphorus
D) Iodine
Answer: B
Explanation: Iron forms the central atom in hemoglobin for oxygen transport.
25. Deficiency of iodine causes ___________.
A) Goiter
B) Anemia
C) Beriberi
D) Pellagra
Answer: A
Explanation: Lack of iodine causes thyroid enlargement (goiter).
26. The main source of energy in human diet is ___________.
A) Proteins
B) Fats
C) Carbohydrates
D) Vitamins
Answer: C
Explanation: Carbohydrates are the body’s primary energy source.
27. The storage form of carbohydrate in animals is ___________.
A) Starch
B) Cellulose
C) Glycogen
D) Glucose
Answer: C
Explanation: Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles as reserve energy.
28. The storage form of carbohydrate in plants is ___________.
A) Glycogen
B) Starch
C) Cellulose
D) Sucrose
Answer: B
Explanation: Nutrition is the science of food, nutrients, and their effect on growth and health.
29. Which carbohydrate is known as “milk sugar”?
A) Sucrose
B) Lactose
C) Maltose
D) Glucose
Answer: B
Explanation: Lactose is the sugar found in milk.
30. Which carbohydrate is commonly called “table sugar”?
A) Lactose
B) Maltose
C) Sucrose
D) Glucose
Answer: C
Explanation: Sucrose is cane sugar (table sugar).
31. The simplest form of carbohydrate is ___________.
A) Disaccharide
B) Monosaccharide
C) Polysaccharide
D) Oligosaccharide
Answer: B
Explanation: Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose) are basic carbohydrate units.
32. Which of the following is a monosaccharide?
A) Maltose
B) Glucose
C) Sucrose
D) Lactose
Answer: B
Explanation: Glucose is a single sugar unit and the main energy currency of the body.
33. Which carbohydrate forms the bulk of dietary fiber?
A) Starch
B) Cellulose
C) Glycogen
D) Glucose
Answer: B
Explanation: Cellulose is indigestible by humans and acts as dietary fiber.
34. Proteins are made up of ___________.
A) Fatty acids
B) Monosaccharides
C) Amino acids
D) Nucleotides
Answer: C
Explanation: Proteins are polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
35. The number of amino acids commonly found in proteins is ___________.
A) 10
B) 15
C) 20
D) 25
Answer: C
Explanation: 20 standard amino acids make up proteins.
36. Amino acids that cannot be synthesized by humans are called ___________.
A) Essential amino acids
B) Non-essential amino acids
C) Fatty acids
D) Vitamins
Answer: A
Explanation: Essential amino acids must be obtained from diet.
37. Which of the following is an essential amino acid?
A) Glycine
B) Alanine
C) Lysine
D) Serine
Answer: C
Explanation: Lysine is essential; glycine, alanine, serine are non-essential.
38. Which protein is present in egg white?
A) Globulin
B) Albumin
C) Casein
D) Collagen
Answer: B
Explanation: Albumin in egg white is a rich source of protein.
39. Which protein is present in milk?
A) Albumin
B) Casein
C) Collagen
D) Keratin
Answer: B
Explanation: Casein is the chief protein of milk.
40. The protein present in wheat is ___________.
A) Gluten
B) Casein
C) Albumin
D) Keratin
Answer: A
Explanation: Gluten is the storage protein in wheat.
41. The protein present in hair and nails is ___________.
A) Collagen
B) Keratin
C) Myosin
D) Elastin
Answer: B
Explanation: Keratin is a tough structural protein.
42. The protein found in connective tissues, cartilage, and tendons is ___________.
A) Collagen
B) Albumin
C) Casein
D) Myosin
Answer: A
Explanation: Collagen is the main structural protein of connective tissue.
43. Which protein is responsible for muscle contraction?
A) Keratin
B) Collagen
C) Actin and Myosin
D) Casein
Answer: C
Explanation: Actin and myosin filaments interact to cause muscle contraction.
44. Excess protein in diet is mainly converted to ___________.
A) Fat
B) Carbohydrate
C) Minerals
D) Vitamins
Answer: A
Explanation: Excess proteins are deaminated and stored as fat.
45. Which nutrient is most energy-rich?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Fats
D) Vitamins
Answer: C
Explanation: Fats provide 9 kcal/g, more than proteins or carbohydrates.
46. Fats are made up of ___________.
A) Amino acids
B) Fatty acids and glycerol
C) Monosaccharides
D) Nucleotides
Answer: B
Explanation: Fats are esters of fatty acids and glycerol.
47. Which type of fatty acids are considered “bad fats”?
A) Saturated fats
B) Unsaturated fats
C) Polyunsaturated fats
D) Omega-3 fats
Answer: A
Explanation: Excess saturated fats raise cholesterol and heart disease risk.
48. Which type of fatty acids are “heart healthy”?
A) Saturated
B) Trans fats
C) Unsaturated (MUFA, PUFA)
D) None
Answer: C
Explanation: Unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., omega-3, omega-6) reduce heart disease risk.
49. Which fat-soluble vitamin deficiency is caused by low-fat diet?
A) Vitamin B1
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin K
D) Vitamin B12
Answer: C
Explanation: Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) require dietary fat for absorption.
50. Excess cholesterol in blood leads to ___________.
A) Goiter
B) Rickets
C) Atherosclerosis
D) Scurvy
Answer: C
Explanation: High cholesterol deposits in arteries, narrowing them and causing heart disease.
51. Vitamins that dissolve in water are ___________.
A) A, D, E, K
B) B-complex and C
C) B12 and D
D) C and K
Answer: B
Explanation: Water-soluble vitamins are B-group and vitamin C, easily excreted in urine.
52. Fat-soluble vitamins are ___________.
A) A, D, E, K
B) B1, B2, B6
C) C and B12
D) A, C, D
Answer: A
Explanation: Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in liver and fat tissues.
53. Night blindness is caused by deficiency of ___________.
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B1
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin K
Answer: A
Explanation: Vitamin A maintains vision; deficiency causes night blindness.
54. Xerophthalmia (dry eyes) is due to deficiency of ___________.
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin B2
Answer: A
Explanation: Prolonged deficiency causes xerophthalmia and blindness.
55. Rickets in children is due to deficiency of ___________.
A) Vitamin C
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin A
D) Vitamin K
Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin D deficiency causes weak bones, rickets in children.
56. Osteomalacia in adults is due to deficiency of ___________.
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin K
D) Vitamin E
Answer: B
Explanation: Lack of vitamin D in adults softens bones (osteomalacia).
57. Vitamin C deficiency causes ___________.
A) Pellagra
B) Beriberi
C) Scurvy
D) Rickets
Answer: C
Explanation: Scurvy causes bleeding gums and poor wound healing.
58. Vitamin K deficiency leads to ___________.
A) Weak vision
B) Poor blood clotting
C) Rickets
D) Pellagra
Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin K synthesizes prothrombin for clotting.
59. Vitamin E is important for ___________.
A) Vision
B) Reproduction and antioxidant function
C) Bone health
D) Clotting
Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin E prevents sterility and protects cell membranes.
60. Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency causes ___________.
A) Pellagra
B) Beriberi
C) Scurvy
D) Rickets
Answer: B
Explanation: Thiamine deficiency damages nerves, leading to beriberi.
61. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) deficiency causes ___________.
A) Cheilitis and glossitis
B) Pellagra
C) Rickets
D) Scurvy
Answer: A
Explanation: Riboflavin deficiency causes cracks at mouth corners and tongue inflammation.
62. Vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency causes ___________.
A) Rickets
B) Pellagra
C) Beriberi
D) Scurvy
Answer: B
Explanation: Pellagra is characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia (3 Ds).
63. Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is required for ___________.
A) Hemoglobin synthesis
B) Bone growth
C) Vision
D) Immunity
Answer: A
Explanation: Pyridoxine helps in hemoglobin formation and amino acid metabolism.
64. Vitamin B9 (folic acid) deficiency causes ___________.
A) Sickle cell anemia
B) Megaloblastic anemia
C) Pernicious anemia
D) Aplastic anemia
Answer: B
Explanation: Folic acid is essential for DNA synthesis and RBC production.
65. Vitamin B12 deficiency causes ___________.
A) Night blindness
B) Pernicious anemia
C) Pellagra
D) Rickets
Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to pernicious anemia and nerve damage.
66. Richest source of vitamin C is ___________.
A) Lemon
B) Orange
C) Amla (Indian gooseberry)
D) Tomato
Answer: C
Explanation: Amla is the richest natural source of vitamin C.
67. Mineral required for healthy teeth and bones ___________.
A) Sodium
B) Iron
C) Calcium
D) Iodine
Answer: C
Explanation: Calcium, with vitamin D, strengthens bones and teeth.
68. Mineral required for oxygen transport in blood ___________.
A) Sodium
B) Calcium
C) Iron
D) Iodine
Answer: C
Explanation: Iron is part of hemoglobin, carrying oxygen in blood.
69. Goiter is caused by deficiency of ___________.
A) Calcium
B) Iron
C) Iodine
D) Sodium
Answer: C
Explanation: Iodine deficiency enlarges the thyroid gland → goiter.
70. Which mineral is essential for blood clotting?
A) Iron
B) Calcium
C) Sodium
D) Phosphorus
Answer: B
Explanation: Calcium ions are essential in clotting cascade.
71. Which mineral helps in maintaining water balance in the body?
A) Sodium and potassium
B) Iron
C) Calcium
D) Iodine
Answer: A
Explanation: Sodium-potassium ions maintain osmotic and fluid balance.
72. Deficiency of calcium in children leads to ___________.
A) Pellagra
B) Rickets
C) Scurvy
D) Goiter
Answer: B
Explanation: Calcium and vitamin D deficiency cause weak, deformed bones.
73. Phosphorus in diet is essential for ___________.
A) Hemoglobin synthesis
B) DNA, RNA, and ATP formation
C) Vision
D) Vitamin absorption
Answer: B
Explanation: Phosphorus is part of nucleic acids and energy compounds.
74. Which mineral deficiency leads to anemia?
A) Calcium
B) Sodium
C) Iron
D) Iodine
Answer: C
Explanation: Iron deficiency reduces hemoglobin → anemia.
75. Fluoride in water is important for ___________.
A) Strong bones and teeth
B) Nerve conduction
C) Hemoglobin production
D) Digestion
Answer: A
Explanation: Fluoride prevents dental caries and strengthens enamel.
76. Malnutrition means ___________.
A) Eating too much food
B) Eating food without balance of nutrients
C) Eating junk food only
D) Eating only fats
Answer: B
Explanation: Malnutrition refers to deficiency or excess of nutrients.
77. Which disease is caused by severe protein deficiency in children?
A) Rickets
B) Scurvy
C) Kwashiorkor
D) Pellagra
Answer: C
Explanation: Kwashiorkor causes edema, swollen belly, and stunted growth.
78. Which disease is caused by deficiency of both protein and calories?
A) Marasmus
B) Kwashiorkor
C) Beriberi
D) Pellagra
Answer: A
Explanation: Marasmus occurs in infants due to overall starvation.
79. Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) includes ___________.
A) Rickets and scurvy
B) Kwashiorkor and marasmus
C) Beriberi and pellagra
D) Night blindness and anemia
Answer: B
Explanation: Both are protein-calorie deficiency diseases.
80. Pellagra is caused by deficiency of ___________.
A) Vitamin B1
B) Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
C) Vitamin B6
D) Vitamin B12
Answer: B
Explanation: Pellagra shows dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia (3 Ds).
81. Beriberi is caused by deficiency of ___________.
A) Vitamin B1
B) Vitamin B2
C) Vitamin B6
D) Vitamin B12
Answer: A
Explanation: Thiamine deficiency causes nerve damage and weakness.
82. Scurvy is caused by deficiency of:
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin E
Answer: B
Explanation: Causes bleeding gums, loose teeth, poor wound healing.
83. Rickets is caused by deficiency of:
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin B12
Answer: C
Explanation: Rickets leads to bowed legs and weak bones in children.
84. Osteoporosis in old age is caused due to deficiency of:
A) Calcium and vitamin D
B) Vitamin A
C) Iron
D) Iodine
Answer: A
Explanation: Bone mineral loss due to low calcium and vitamin D.
85. Goiter is caused due to deficiency of:
A) Iron
B) Iodine
C) Sodium
D) Calcium
Answer: B
Explanation: Iodine deficiency enlarges thyroid gland.
86. Anemia is caused by deficiency of:
A) Vitamin K
B) Vitamin D
C) Iron
D) Calcium
Answer: C
Explanation: Iron deficiency lowers hemoglobin, leading to anemia.
87. Which vitamin deficiency leads to anemia despite adequate iron?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B12 or Folic acid
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D
Answer: B
Explanation: Both are required for RBC formation; deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia.
88. Obesity is caused due to:
A) Protein deficiency
B) Excess energy intake
C) Lack of vitamin D
D) Mineral deficiency
Answer: B
Explanation: Overeating and low physical activity cause fat accumulation.
89. Atherosclerosis is caused by:
A) Vitamin C deficiency
B) Excess fat and cholesterol intake
C) Protein deficiency
D) Calcium deficiency
Answer: B
Explanation: Cholesterol deposits in arteries narrow them, leading to heart disease.
90. Hypoglycemia refers to:
A) High blood sugar
B) Low blood sugar
C) Low blood calcium
D) High blood pressure
Answer: B
Explanation: Hypoglycemia is dangerous and may cause unconsciousness.
91. Deficiency of vitamin A in children leads to ___________.
A) Blindness
B) Anemia
C) Goiter
D) Rickets
Answer: A
Explanation: Vitamin A deficiency causes night blindness and xerophthalmia.
92. Which nutrient deficiency leads to delayed wound healing?
A) Vitamin C
B) Vitamin A
C) Iron
D) Vitamin K
Answer: A
Explanation: Vitamin C is required for collagen synthesis and healing.
93. Which nutrient deficiency causes edema (swelling)?
A) Protein
B) Iron
C) Vitamin C
D) Calcium
Answer: A
Explanation: Protein deficiency reduces plasma osmotic pressure, leading to edema.
94. The disease “Night blindness” is due to deficiency of ___________.
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin B1
Answer: A
Explanation: Vitamin A is essential for synthesis of visual pigment rhodopsin.
95. Which vitamin is also known as “anti-sterility vitamin”?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin E
Answer: D
Explanation: Vitamin E deficiency may lead to infertility in animals.
96. Protein-energy malnutrition is most common in ___________.
A) Infants and children
B) Adults only
C) Old age
D) Pregnant women only
Answer: A
Explanation: Rapid growth phase requires high protein; deficiency causes kwashiorkor or marasmus.
97. Glossitis (inflammation of tongue) is caused by deficiency of ___________.
A) Vitamin B-complex
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin K
D) Vitamin C
Answer: A
Explanation: Deficiency of riboflavin, niacin, and B12 causes tongue inflammation.
98. Which vitamin deficiency leads to “pernicious anemia”?
A) Vitamin B1
B) Vitamin B6
C) Vitamin B12
D) Vitamin C
Answer: C
Explanation: Vitamin B12 deficiency affects RBC maturation → pernicious anemia.
99. Which vitamin is synthesized by intestinal bacteria?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin K and some B vitamins
D) Vitamin D
Answer: C
Explanation: Gut microbes synthesize vitamin K and B-complex vitamins.
100. Which food is called “protective food” for children?
A) Pulses and oils
B) Fruits, vegetables, and milk
C) Rice and wheat
D) Meat only
Answer: B
Explanation: They provide vitamins and minerals to protect from diseases.