1. The word Sufi is derived from?
A) Arabic word Suf meaning wool
B) Persian word Sufi meaning sage
C) Sanskrit word Sufi meaning monk
D) Greek word Sophia meaning wisdom
Answer: A) Arabic word Suf meaning wool
Explanation: Early Sufis wore simple woolen garments, symbolizing renunciation.
2. The Sufi movement originated in?
A) Persia
B) Arabia
C) Central Asia
D) India
Answer: B) Arabia
Explanation: It developed in Arabia in 8th century as a reaction against orthodox Islam and materialism.
3. The central idea of Sufism is?
A) Wealth accumulation
B) Strict legalism (Sharia)
C) Love of God and service to humanity
D) Political power
Answer: C) Love of God and service to humanity
Explanation: Sufism emphasizes universal love, tolerance, and devotion to God.
4. Which Islamic practice influenced the development of Sufism?
A) Sharia law
B) Zakat
C) Mysticism (Tasawwuf)
D) Jihad
Answer: C) Mysticism (Tasawwuf)
Explanation: Tasawwuf is Islamic mysticism, the foundation of Sufism.
5. The Sufi saints are also known as?
A) Ulema
B) Pirs or Shaikhs
C) Qazis
D) Caliphs
Answer: B) Pirs or Shaikhs
Explanation: They were spiritual guides who had disciples (murids).
6. The followers of a Sufi saint were called?
A) Khalifas
B) Murids
C) Nayakas
D) Mansabdars
Answer: B) Murids
Explanation: Murid means disciple in Sufi tradition.
7. The place where Sufi saints lived and taught was called?
A) Dargah
B) Hospice (Khanqah)
C) Madrasa
D) Mosque
Answer: B) Hospice (Khanqah)
Explanation: Khanqahs were centers of Sufi activities, teachings, and service.
8. The tomb of a Sufi saint is called?
A) Dargah
B) Madrasa
C) Masjid
D) Takia
Answer: A) Dargah
Explanation: Dargahs became centers of pilgrimage and devotion.
9. The Sufi practice of devotional music is known as?
A) Bhajan
B) Qawwali
C) Sama
D) Kirtan
Answer: C) Sama (later Qawwali)
Explanation: Sama/Qawwali involved music and poetry to achieve spiritual ecstasy.
10. Which early Sufi saint is considered the founder of Sufi tradition in India?
A) Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti
B) Baba Farid
C) Nizamuddin Auliya
D) Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki
Answer: A) Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti
Explanation: He settled in Ajmer in the late 12th century and popularized Chishti order.
11. Sufism entered India during?
A) 7th century
B) 9th century
C) 11th–12th century
D) 16th century
Answer: C) 11th–12th century
Explanation: With Turkish conquests, Sufi saints began to arrive in India.
12. The two broad Sufi schools were?
A) Sunni and Shia
B) Basra and Baghdad schools
C) Ba-shara (within Sharia) and Be-shara (outside Sharia)
D) Hanafi and Shafi
Answer: C) Ba-shara and Be-shara
Explanation: Ba-shara followed Islamic law, Be-shara were free from it.
13. Which order was most popular in India?
A) Suhrawardi
B) Chishti
C) Qadiri
D) Naqshbandi
Answer: B) Chishti
Explanation: Chishti order emphasized love, tolerance, service, and simple living.
14. Who established the Suhrawardi order in India?
A) Sheikh Bahauddin Zakariya
B) Nizamuddin Auliya
C) Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti
D) Shah Waliullah
Answer: A) Sheikh Bahauddin Zakariya
Explanation: He established Suhrawardi order at Multan.
15. Which Sufi order was closely associated with the state and rulers?
A) Chishti
B) Suhrawardi
C) Qadiri
D) Naqshbandi
Answer: B) Suhrawardi
Explanation: Suhrawardi saints accepted state patronage, unlike Chishtis.
16. Which Sufi order opposed music and sama?
A) Chishti
B) Suhrawardi
C) Qadiri
D) Naqshbandi
Answer: D) Naqshbandi
Explanation: Naqshbandi was orthodox and against innovations like sama.
17. The Chishti order was founded in India by?
A) Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti
B) Baba Farid
C) Sheikh Salim Chishti
D) Nizamuddin Auliya
Answer: A) Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti
Explanation: He came from Persia and settled in Ajmer.
18. The main teaching of Chishti saints was?
A) Service to rulers
B) Love of all and service to humanity
C) Strict Sharia
D) Military jihad
Answer: B) Love of all and service to humanity
Explanation: Chishtis emphasized compassion and universal brotherhood.
19. Who among the following was a disciple of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti?
A) Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki
B) Nizamuddin Auliya
C) Baba Farid
D) Shaikh Salim Chishti
Answer: A) Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki
Explanation: He succeeded Chishti in Delhi region.
20. Baba Farid (Fariduddin Ganjshakar) belonged to which Sufi order?
A) Suhrawardi
B) Qadiri
C) Chishti
D) Naqshbandi
Answer: C) Chishti
Explanation: He carried Chishti order to Punjab.
21. The language in which Baba Farid’s verses are preserved in Guru Granth Sahib is?
A) Persian
B) Hindi
C) Punjabi
D) Urdu
Answer: C) Punjabi
Explanation: His couplets are included in Sikh scripture.
22. The famous Sufi saint Nizamuddin Auliya was associated with?
A) Delhi
B) Ajmer
C) Multan
D) Gulbarga
Answer: A) Delhi
Explanation: He spread Chishti order in Delhi during Sultanate period.
23. Who was the spiritual disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya, famous for his poetry?
A) Amir Khusrau
B) Ziauddin Barani
C) Kabir
D) Dara Shikoh
Answer: A) Amir Khusrau
Explanation: Khusrau, a great poet and musician, was Auliya’s disciple.
24. Which Sufi saint opposed visiting rulers’ courts and maintained distance from politics?
A) Sheikh Bahauddin Zakariya
B) Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti
C) Nizamuddin Auliya
D) Shaikh Salim Chishti
Answer: C) Nizamuddin Auliya
Explanation: He emphasized independence from rulers’ patronage.
25. Which Sufi concept is similar to Bhakti’s philosophy of complete surrender to God?
A) Fana (annihilation of self)
B) Sama
C) Pir–Murid relationship
D) Zakat
Answer: A) Fana (annihilation of self)
Explanation: Fana means merging of self into God, akin to Bhakti devotion.
26. The Chishti order was introduced in India by?
A) Sheikh Bahauddin Zakariya
B) Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti
C) Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani
D) Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi
Answer: B) Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti
Explanation: He migrated from Persia and settled in Ajmer around 1191–92 CE.
27. Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti is popularly known as?
A) Gharib Nawaz (Benefactor of the poor)
B) Nizam-ul-Haq
C) Qutb-ul-Alam
D) Alamgir
Answer: A) Gharib Nawaz
Explanation: He dedicated his life to helping the poor and downtrodden.
28. The shrine (Dargah) of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti is located at?
A) Delhi
B) Ajmer
C) Gulbarga
D) Lahore
Answer: B) Ajmer
Explanation: Ajmer Sharif Dargah remains one of the most famous pilgrimage sites in India.
29. The most famous disciple of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti was?
A) Nizamuddin Auliya
B) Baba Farid (Fariduddin Ganjshakar)
C) Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki
D) Salim Chishti
Answer: C) Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki
Explanation: He carried forward the Chishti order in Delhi.
30. Baba Farid (Fariduddin Ganjshakar) was associated with which region?
A) Punjab
B) Delhi
C) Bengal
D) Gujarat
Answer: A) Punjab
Explanation: He spread the Chishti order in Punjab; his verses are in Guru Granth Sahib.
31. The most prominent Chishti saint of Delhi Sultanate times was?
A) Nizamuddin Auliya
B) Sheikh Bahauddin Zakariya
C) Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi
D) Dara Shikoh
Answer: A) Nizamuddin Auliya
Explanation: He popularized Chishti teachings in Delhi and avoided rulers’ patronage.
32. The spiritual disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya who enriched Sufi culture through music and poetry was?
A) Kabir
B) Amir Khusrau
C) Dara Shikoh
D) Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khana
Answer: B) Amir Khusrau
Explanation: He is called Tuti-i-Hind (Parrot of India).
33. The Suhrawardi order in India was founded by?
A) Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani
B) Sheikh Bahauddin Zakariya
C) Khwaja Nizamuddin Auliya
D) Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi
Answer: B) Sheikh Bahauddin Zakariya
Explanation: He established the Suhrawardi order at Multan.
34. Unlike Chishti saints, the Suhrawardi saints?
A) Rejected rulers completely
B) Accepted state patronage and involved in politics
C) Opposed all trade activities
D) Were against literacy
Answer: B) Accepted state patronage and involved in politics
Explanation: They enjoyed close relations with rulers of Delhi Sultanate.
35. The Suhrawardi saints mainly flourished in?
A) Bengal
B) Multan and Sindh
C) Deccan
D) Kashmir
Answer: B) Multan and Sindh
Explanation: Their centers were Multan and Uchh in present-day Pakistan.
36. The Qadiri order was founded by?
A) Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani of Baghdad
B) Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti
C) Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi
D) Shaikh Salim Chishti
Answer: A) Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani of Baghdad
Explanation: This order emphasized charity, humility, and adherence to Sharia.
37. The Qadiri order became popular in India during whose reign?
A) Akbar
B) Babur
C) Shah Jahan
D) Jahangir
Answer: A) Akbar
Explanation: Qadiri saints like Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani’s followers influenced Mughal rulers.
38. Which Mughal prince was closely associated with Qadiri saints?
A) Dara Shikoh
B) Aurangzeb
C) Humayun
D) Bahadur Shah I
Answer: A) Dara Shikoh
Explanation: He studied with Qadiri saint Mian Mir and translated Upanishads into Persian.
39. The Naqshbandi order was introduced in India by?
A) Sheikh Bahauddin Zakariya
B) Khwaja Baqi Billah
C) Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani
D) Nizamuddin Auliya
Answer: B) Khwaja Baqi Billah
Explanation: He established the Naqshbandi order in India in the late 16th century.
40. The most prominent Naqshbandi saint in India was?
A) Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi (Mujaddid Alf-i-Sani)
B) Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani
C) Nizamuddin Auliya
D) Dara Shikoh
Answer: A) Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi (Mujaddid Alf-i-Sani)
Explanation: He strongly opposed Akbar’s Din-i-Ilahi and Sufi practices like sama.
41. The Naqshbandi saints emphasized?
A) Sama and music
B) Silent meditation and strict Sharia observance
C) Hindu-Muslim unity
D) Rejecting all rituals
Answer: B) Silent meditation and strict Sharia observance
Explanation: They were orthodox and rejected music in devotion.
42. The Chishti order was unique because it?
A) Integrated Hindu traditions like Bhakti
B) Remained close to kings
C) Opposed vernacular languages
D) Focused only on political power
Answer: A) Integrated Hindu traditions like Bhakti
Explanation: They preached in local languages and stressed tolerance.
43. Who among the following Mughal emperors visited the Dargah of Sheikh Salim Chishti at Fatehpur Sikri?
A) Akbar
B) Jahangir
C) Shah Jahan
D) Aurangzeb
Answer: A) Akbar
Explanation: Akbar named his son Salim (later Jahangir) after the saint.
44. The tomb of Sheikh Salim Chishti is located at?
A) Delhi
B) Fatehpur Sikri
C) Agra
D) Ajmer
Answer: B) Fatehpur Sikri
Explanation: Built in white marble by Akbar.
45. The Sufi order most opposed to Bhakti movement and syncretic practices was?
A) Chishti
B) Suhrawardi
C) Naqshbandi
D) Qadiri
Answer: C) Naqshbandi
Explanation: They were strictly orthodox, rejecting Hindu-Muslim cultural exchange.
46. The Chishti saints accepted offerings in their khanqahs but forbade?
A) Direct patronage from kings
B) Charity from common people
C) Visiting villages
D) Preaching in vernacular
Answer: A) Direct patronage from kings
Explanation: They avoided dependence on rulers.
47. Which order is credited with the spread of Islam in Deccan?
A) Chishti
B) Suhrawardi
C) Qadiri
D) Naqshbandi
Answer: A) Chishti
Explanation: Chishti saints like Gesu Daraz spread Islam in Gulbarga region.
48. Which Chishti saint was known as Bandanawaz Gesu Daraz?
A) Nizamuddin Auliya
B) Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani
C) Khwaja Banda Nawaz (in Gulbarga)
D) Khwaja Baqi Billah
Answer: C) Khwaja Banda Nawaz (in Gulbarga)
Explanation: He spread Chishti order in Deccan.
49. The Qadiri order in India gained strength particularly during the reign of?
A) Akbar and Jahangir
B) Babur and Humayun
C) Balban and Alauddin Khilji
D) Sher Shah Suri
Answer: A) Akbar and Jahangir
Explanation: Qadiri saints influenced Mughal princes and nobles.
50. Which Sufi saint is credited with laying the foundation of Mughal-Sufi interaction through Qadiri order?
A) Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani
B) Mian Mir
C) Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi
D) Gesu Daraz
Answer: B) Mian Mir
Explanation: He was a Qadiri saint who was respected by Jahangir and Dara Shikoh.
51. Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki was the disciple of?
A) Baba Farid
B) Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti
C) Nizamuddin Auliya
D) Sheikh Salim Chishti
Answer: B) Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti
Explanation: He succeeded Chishti in Delhi and carried the order forward.
52. The dargah of Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki is situated at?
A) Delhi (Mehrauli)
B) Ajmer
C) Gulbarga
D) Lahore
Answer: A) Delhi (Mehrauli)
Explanation: It became an important pilgrimage site, visited even by rulers.
53. Baba Farid’s real name was?
A) Sheikh Nizamuddin
B) Fariduddin Masud (Ganjshakar)
C) Shaikh Salim
D) Sheikh Abdul Qadir
Answer: B) Fariduddin Masud (Ganjshakar)
Explanation: He was called “Ganjshakar” (treasure of sweetness) for his piety.
54. Baba Farid’s couplets are preserved in?
A) Ain-i-Akbari
B) Guru Granth Sahib
C) Baburnama
D) Khazain-ul-Futuh
Answer: B) Guru Granth Sahib
Explanation: His Punjabi verses are included in Sikh holy scripture.
55. The most famous disciple of Baba Farid was?
A) Nizamuddin Auliya
B) Salim Chishti
C) Gesu Daraz
D) Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi
Answer: A) Nizamuddin Auliya
Explanation: He later spread Chishti teachings in Delhi.
56. Nizamuddin Auliya was popularly known as?
A) Mehboob-e-Ilahi (Beloved of God)
B) Alamgir
C) Qutb-ul-Alam
D) Mujaddid Alf-i-Sani
Answer: A) Mehboob-e-Ilahi
Explanation: His spiritual charisma earned him this title.
57. The disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya who became a great poet and musician was?
A) Tulsidas
B) Kabir
C) Amir Khusrau
D) Abul Fazl
Answer: C) Amir Khusrau
Explanation: He is credited with developing qawwali and Hindustani music.
58. Amir Khusrau is associated with the invention of which musical instrument?
A) Sitar and Tabla (in modified forms)
B) Veena
C) Sarangi
D) Mridangam
Answer: A) Sitar and Tabla
Explanation: He is traditionally credited with developing these, though debated.
59. Sheikh Salim Chishti lived during the reign of?
A) Alauddin Khilji
B) Akbar
C) Sher Shah Suri
D) Babur
Answer: B) Akbar
Explanation: Akbar revered him and named his son Salim (later Jahangir) after him.
60. The tomb of Sheikh Salim Chishti is located at?
A) Ajmer
B) Mehrauli
C) Fatehpur Sikri
D) Lahore
Answer: C) Fatehpur Sikri
Explanation: Akbar built a magnificent white marble tomb for him.
61. The Chishti saint who spread the order to the Deccan was?
A) Gesu Daraz (Banda Nawaz)
B) Baba Farid
C) Salim Chishti
D) Nizamuddin Auliya
Answer: A) Gesu Daraz (Banda Nawaz)
Explanation: He settled in Gulbarga and expanded Chishti influence in Deccan.
62. Gesu Daraz’s tomb is located at?
A) Delhi
B) Gulbarga
C) Bijapur
D) Ajmer
Answer: B) Gulbarga
Explanation: His dargah remains a pilgrimage site in Karnataka.
63. The Suhrawardi saint Bahauddin Zakariya was based in?
A) Multan
B) Delhi
C) Gulbarga
D) Ajmer
Answer: A) Multan
Explanation: He established Suhrawardi order in Multan and Sindh.
64. Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani, founder of Qadiri order, is popularly known as?
A) Pir Dastgir
B) Mehboob-e-Ilahi
C) Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar
D) Shah Waliullah
Answer: A) Pir Dastgir
Explanation: He was revered as the helper of the oppressed.
65. Mian Mir, a Qadiri saint, is remembered for?
A) Translating Upanishads
B) Laying foundation of Golden Temple (Amritsar)
C) Composing qawwalis
D) Opposing Akbar’s Din-i-Ilahi
Answer: B) Laying foundation of Golden Temple
Explanation: He was respected by Sikh Gurus and laid foundation of Harmandir Sahib.
66. The Naqshbandi saint Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi was called?
A) Pir Dastgir
B) Mujaddid Alf-i-Sani (Renewer of second millennium)
C) Mehboob-e-Ilahi
D) Tuti-i-Hind
Answer: B) Mujaddid Alf-i-Sani
Explanation: He revived orthodox Islam in 16th–17th century.
67. Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi strongly opposed?
A) Aurangzeb’s policies
B) Akbar’s Din-i-Ilahi and religious syncretism
C) Music in Sufi practices
D) Both B and C
Answer: D) Both B and C
Explanation: He emphasized strict Sharia, opposing Akbar’s liberalism and sama.
68. Which Mughal emperor was influenced by Naqshbandi saints?
A) Akbar
B) Jahangir
C) Aurangzeb
D) Bahadur Shah I
Answer: C) Aurangzeb
Explanation: He followed orthodox Islam similar to Naqshbandi teachings.
69. Dara Shikoh was associated with which Sufi order?
A) Naqshbandi
B) Qadiri
C) Chishti
D) Suhrawardi
Answer: B) Qadiri
Explanation: He followed Mian Mir and his disciple Mulla Shah, Qadiri saints.
70. Dara Shikoh’s famous work Majma-ul-Bahrain dealt with?
A) Hindu–Muslim unity (Upanishads + Quranic teachings)
B) Military strategies
C) Akbar’s policy of Sulh-i-Kul
D) Trade with Europe
Answer: A) Hindu–Muslim unity
Explanation: It compared Sufi and Vedantic philosophy.
71. The Sufi saint who was contemporary of Aurangzeb and criticized him was?
A) Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi
B) Khwaja Baqi Billah
C) Shah Abdul Latif
D) Sarmad
Answer: D) Sarmad
Explanation: A mystic saint executed by Aurangzeb for heresy.
72. The language most used by Sufi saints in their teachings in India was?
A) Persian
B) Hindi/vernacular languages
C) Arabic
D) Turkish
Answer: B) Hindi/vernacular languages
Explanation: They used local languages to connect with common people.
73. Sufi poetry and teachings in Punjab, Sindh, and Bengal greatly enriched?
A) Urdu, Punjabi, and Bengali literature
B) Sanskrit only
C) Greek literature
D) Persian only
Answer: A) Urdu, Punjabi, and Bengali literature
Explanation: Local languages flourished due to Sufi saints’ compositions.
74. Which Sufi saint was contemporary of Guru Nanak?
A) Gesu Daraz
B) Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani
C) Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi
D) Sheikh Farid (Baba Farid, whose verses Guru Nanak admired)
Answer: D) Sheikh Farid
Explanation: Guru Nanak included Baba Farid’s verses in Guru Granth Sahib.
75. Which Sufi saint wrote Maktubat-i-Imam Rabbani (letters emphasizing orthodoxy)?
A) Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi
B) Nizamuddin Auliya
C) Amir Khusrau
D) Mian Mir
Answer: A) Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi
Explanation: His writings shaped Islamic orthodoxy in Mughal India.
76. The Sufi movement in India was most similar to?
A) Jainism
B) Bhakti movement
C) Buddhism
D) Sikhism
Answer: B) Bhakti movement
Explanation: Both emphasized devotion, tolerance, and love of God over rituals.
77. One of the major impacts of the Sufi movement was?
A) Decline of Persian literature
B) Rise of vernacular languages and poetry
C) Weakening of Hindu society
D) End of Mughal rule
Answer: B) Rise of vernacular languages and poetry
Explanation: Sufi saints preached in local languages, popularizing them.
78. Sufi saints emphasized universal love and brotherhood, which helped in?
A) Social reforms and communal harmony
B) Economic decline
C) Political anarchy
D) Spread of Christianity
Answer: A) Social reforms and communal harmony
Explanation: They created bridges between Hindus and Muslims.
79. Which Mughal emperor was most inspired by Sufi ideals of tolerance?
A) Babur
B) Akbar
C) Jahangir
D) Aurangzeb
Answer: B) Akbar
Explanation: Akbar’s policy of Sulh-i-Kul (peace for all) reflected Sufi influence.
80. The Sufi concept of Sulh-i-Kul (universal peace) was formally adopted by?
A) Nizamuddin Auliya
B) Baba Farid
C) Emperor Akbar
D) Dara Shikoh
Answer: C) Emperor Akbar
Explanation: He promoted tolerance for all religions in administration.
81. The Chishti order’s teachings inspired which Sikh Guru?
A) Guru Nanak
B) Guru Arjan
C) Guru Gobind Singh
D) Guru Tegh Bahadur
Answer: A) Guru Nanak
Explanation: He drew from Baba Farid’s verses and Sufi ideals.
82. Which Sufi saint’s teachings had major influence on Sikhism?
A) Gesu Daraz
B) Baba Farid
C) Nizamuddin Auliya
D) Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi
Answer: B) Baba Farid
Explanation: His verses are included in Guru Granth Sahib.
83. The Qawwali tradition in India is credited mainly to?
A) Kabir
B) Nizamuddin Auliya and Amir Khusrau
C) Dara Shikoh
D) Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi
Answer: B) Nizamuddin Auliya and Amir Khusrau
Explanation: They developed devotional music to spread Sufi messages.
84. One criticism of Sufi saints was?
A) They were too orthodox
B) Some became entangled with political power and wealth
C) They promoted violence
D) They ignored spiritual life
Answer: B) Some became entangled with political power and wealth
Explanation: While many avoided rulers, some accepted patronage, diluting ideals.
85. The Sufi saints who avoided rulers’ patronage were mainly from which order?
A) Suhrawardi
B) Chishti
C) Qadiri
D) Naqshbandi
Answer: B) Chishti
Explanation: They emphasized independence from rulers and simplicity.
86. The Naqshbandi order’s orthodox stance later influenced which Mughal ruler?
A) Babur
B) Humayun
C) Aurangzeb
D) Jahangir
Answer: C) Aurangzeb
Explanation: His orthodoxy reflected Naqshbandi emphasis on strict Sharia.
87. The Sufi movement’s greatest social contribution was?
A) Abolition of caste completely
B) Promotion of communal harmony and equality
C) Rise of Mughal power
D) Decline of temples
Answer: B) Promotion of communal harmony and equality
Explanation: They united Hindus and Muslims through shared spiritual practices.
88. Which Sufi saint is remembered for his open kitchen (Langar) tradition?
A) Nizamuddin Auliya
B) Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti
C) Baba Farid
D) Gesu Daraz
Answer: B) Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti
Explanation: His langar tradition inspired similar practices in Sikhism.
89. The Sufi movement’s approach to God was through?
A) Fear and strict law
B) Devotion and love
C) Ritual sacrifices
D) Military jihad
Answer: B) Devotion and love
Explanation: They believed God could be realized through love and service.
90. Which language became enriched most by Sufi literature in North India?
A) Marathi
B) Hindi–Urdu
C) Gujarati
D) Tamil
Answer: B) Hindi–Urdu
Explanation: Sufi poets wrote in Hindavi/Urdu, making it a cultural bridge.
91. Who among the following Sufis opposed Akbar’s Din-i-Ilahi?
A) Nizamuddin Auliya
B) Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi
C) Baba Farid
D) Gesu Daraz
Answer: B) Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi
Explanation: He criticized syncretism and emphasized orthodox Islam.
92. Dara Shikoh’s Qadiri affiliation made him promote?
A) Hindu–Muslim unity through Vedanta and Sufism
B) Strict Sharia law
C) Only military jihad
D) Abolition of Persian literature
Answer: A) Hindu–Muslim unity through Vedanta and Sufism
Explanation: His Majma-ul-Bahrain compared Sufism and Hindu philosophy.
93. The Sufi dargahs later became centers of?
A) Religious syncretism and pilgrimage
B) Only Islamic orthodoxy
C) Military training
D) Political conspiracy
Answer: A) Religious syncretism and pilgrimage
Explanation: Hindus and Muslims both visited dargahs.
94. The Bhakti–Sufi interactions gave rise to which common devotional form?
A) Qawwali and Kirtan
B) Namaz
C) Havan
D) Yajna
Answer: A) Qawwali and Kirtan
Explanation: Both used music and poetry for devotion.
95. The impact of Sufi saints was strongest in which regions?
A) Punjab, Bengal, and Deccan
B) Gujarat and Rajasthan
C) Kashmir only
D) Bihar and Orissa only
Answer: A) Punjab, Bengal, and Deccan
Explanation: These regions became strongholds of Sufi influence.
96. Which of the following best describes Sufi philosophy?
A) Pantheism – seeing God in everything
B) Ritualism – stressing strict rituals
C) Materialism – stressing wealth
D) Militarism – stressing conquest
Answer: A) Pantheism – seeing God in everything
Explanation: Sufis believed God resided in all creation.
97. The shrine of Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya is located at?
A) Ajmer
B) Fatehpur Sikri
C) Delhi
D) Multan
Answer: C) Delhi
Explanation: It remains one of the most visited dargahs in India.
98. The most lasting legacy of the Sufi movement in India is?
A) Political unification
B) Cultural synthesis and communal harmony
C) Decline of Hindu kingdoms
D) Rise of Portuguese power
Answer: B) Cultural synthesis and communal harmony
Explanation: Sufism helped bridge Hindu–Muslim cultures.
99. Which of the following was not a feature of Sufi movement?
A) Emphasis on personal devotion
B) Use of local languages
C) Communal harmony
D) Military expansion
Answer: D) Military expansion
Explanation: Sufis focused on spirituality, not conquests.
100. The Sufi movement in India is regarded as?
A) A political revolution
B) A socio-religious reform promoting tolerance, love, and equality
C) A purely Islamic orthodoxy
D) A short-lived experiment
Answer: B) A socio-religious reform promoting tolerance, love, and equality
Explanation: It created lasting influence on Indian culture, literature, and communal relations.