1. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) was launched in:
A) 2002
B) 2005
C) 2007
D) 2010
Answer: B
Explanation: MGNREGA (2005) guarantees 100 days of wage employment in rural areas.
2. MGNREGA provides guaranteed wage employment for how many days in a year?
A) 50
B) 75
C) 100
D) 150
Answer: C
Explanation: The Act ensures 100 days of guaranteed work per household per year.
3. Which ministry implements MGNREGA?
A) Ministry of Agriculture
B) Ministry of Finance
C) Ministry of Rural Development
D) Ministry of Labour
Answer: C
Explanation: Implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development.
4. The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) was launched in:
A) 1995
B) 2000
C) 2004
D) 2008
Answer: B
Explanation: PMGSY (2000) provides all-weather rural road connectivity.
5. The Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana – NRLM focuses on:
A) Employment guarantee
B) Self-help groups (SHGs) and rural livelihoods
C) Road development
D) Agricultural irrigation
Answer: B
Explanation: DAY-NRLM (2011) promotes SHGs & sustainable rural livelihoods.
6. Which scheme focuses on “Housing for All (Rural)” by 2022?
A) PMGSY
B) PMAY-G
C) RKVY
D) SGSY
Answer: B
Explanation: Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana – Gramin (PMAY-G) provides rural housing.
7. The Indira Awaas Yojana was restructured into:
A) PMGSY
B) PMAY-G
C) DAY-NRLM
D) NULM
Answer: B
Explanation: Indira Awaas Yojana merged into PMAY-G in 2016.
8. Which scheme provides LPG connections to poor households?
A) PMUY
B) PMGSY
C) RKVY
D) PMFBY
Answer: A
Explanation: Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (2016) provides LPG to BPL families.
9. The “Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana” was launched in:
A) 2010
B) 2012
C) 2014
D) 2016
Answer: C
Explanation: SAGY (2014) encourages MPs to adopt and develop villages.
10. The PURA (Provision of Urban Amenities in Rural Areas) scheme was initiated by:
A) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
B) Manmohan Singh
C) Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
D) Narendra Modi
Answer: C
Explanation: PURA was conceptualized by Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam.
11. The Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan (RGSA) focuses on:
A) Digital governance
B) Strengthening Panchayati Raj institutions
C) Rural electrification
D) Rural housing
Answer: B
Explanation: RGSA strengthens local self-governance.
12. The Bharat Nirman Programme was launched in:
A) 2003
B) 2005
C) 2007
D) 2010
Answer: B
Explanation: Bharat Nirman (2005) aimed at rural infrastructure like irrigation, housing, electricity.
13. The Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY) focuses on:
A) Rural employment guarantee
B) Skill development for rural youth
C) Housing subsidies
D) Irrigation projects
Answer: B
Explanation: DDU-GKY trains rural youth for employment-oriented skills.
14. The Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana (PMAGY) is related to:
A) Urban housing
B) Village development of SC-majority areas
C) Digital governance
D) Rural employment
Answer: B
Explanation: PMAGY (2009) develops villages with high SC population.
15. The “Rural Skill Development Scheme” under PMKVY is known as:
A) RSETI
B) DDU-GKY
C) SANKALP
D) STAR
Answer: B
Explanation: DDU-GKY is rural skill training under PMKVY framework.
16. Which scheme promotes financial self-reliance of women SHGs through bank linkages?
A) NRLM
B) NULM
C) PMGSY
D) PMUY
Answer: A
Explanation: NRLM encourages women SHG-bank linkage model.
17. The Rurban Mission aims at:
A) Promoting urban slums
B) Developing rural areas with urban facilities
C) Expanding industrial zones
D) Only road construction
Answer: B
Explanation: Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission develops rural clusters with urban amenities.
18. The National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) provides:
A) Old-age pensions, widow pensions, disability pensions
B) Employment guarantee
C) Health insurance
D) Rural roads
Answer: A
Explanation: NSAP offers social pensions to poor elderly, widows, disabled.
19. The Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) provides:
A) Free healthcare
B) Subsidized food grains to poorest households
C) Housing subsidies
D) Free LPG connections
Answer: B
Explanation: AAY (2000) provides 35 kg of food grains per month at low prices.
20. Which ministry implements AAY?
A) Ministry of Agriculture
B) Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution
C) Ministry of Rural Development
D) Ministry of Health
Answer: B
Explanation: AAY is run by Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution.
21. The Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) was launched in:
A) 1975
B) 1978
C) 1980
D) 1985
Answer: C
Explanation: IRDP (1980) provided credit and subsidy to rural poor for self-employment.
22. Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY) was merged into:
A) NRLM
B) NREGA
C) PMGSY
D) RKVY
Answer: B
Explanation: SGRY merged into NREGA (later MGNREGA) in 2006.
23. Which scheme provides “24×7 Power for All”?
A) RGGVY
B) DDUGJY
C) PMAY
D) NSAP
Answer: B
Explanation: Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY) ensures rural electrification.
24. Which scheme provides drinking water to every household by 2024?
A) PMGSY
B) Har Ghar Jal (Jal Jeevan Mission)
C) NRLM
D) Bharat Nirman
Answer: B
Explanation: Jal Jeevan Mission (2019) aims for piped water to all households.
25. The National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP) was subsumed under:
A) PMGSY
B) Jal Jeevan Mission
C) Bharat Nirman
D) Rurban Mission
Answer: B
Explanation: NRDWP merged into Jal Jeevan Mission in 2019.
26. The Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) was launched in:
A) 2013
B) 2015
C) 2017
D) 2019
Answer: B
Explanation: PMKVY (2015) provides short-term training for youth skill development.
27. The implementing agency of PMKVY is:
A) NABARD
B) NSDC (National Skill Development Corporation)
C) SIDBI
D) NITI Aayog
Answer: B
Explanation: NSDC implements PMKVY with training partners.
28. The Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Antyodaya Yojana – NULM focuses on:
A) Urban poor livelihoods and skill training
B) Rural roads
C) Farmer insurance
D) Export promotion
Answer: A
Explanation: DAY-NULM = National Urban Livelihoods Mission for urban poor employment & skills.
29. Which scheme provides pension to unorganized sector workers?
A) PM-SYM
B) PMJJBY
C) PMAY
D) PMFBY
Answer: A
Explanation: Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maandhan (PM-SYM, 2019) gives pension to unorganized workers.
30. Atal Pension Yojana (APY) is mainly targeted at:
A) Government employees
B) Private sector workers
C) Unorganized sector workers
D) Only farmers
Answer: C
Explanation: APY (2015) provides pension to unorganized sector workers.
31. The minimum age to join Atal Pension Yojana (APY) is:
A) 18 years
B) 21 years
C) 25 years
D) 30 years
Answer: A
Explanation: Entry age for APY = 18 to 40 years.
32. Which scheme provides accident insurance at ₹12 premium per year?
A) PMJJBY
B) PMSBY
C) APY
D) PM-SYM
Answer: B
Explanation: Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY) provides ₹2 lakh accident insurance at just ₹12.
33. Which scheme provides life insurance at ₹330 premium per year?
A) PMJJBY
B) PMSBY
C) PM-SYM
D) Ayushman Bharat
Answer: A
Explanation: Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY) offers life cover of ₹2 lakh.
34. The Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) provides loans up to:
A) ₹5 lakh
B) ₹10 lakh
C) ₹15 lakh
D) ₹20 lakh
Answer: B
Explanation: MUDRA loans up to ₹10 lakh for small entrepreneurs.
35. The three categories of Mudra loans are:
A) Basic, Medium, Advanced
B) Shishu, Kishor, Tarun
C) Silver, Gold, Platinum
D) Startup, Growth, Expansion
Answer: B
Explanation: Mudra = Shishu (≤₹50k), Kishor (₹50k–5L), Tarun (₹5–10L).
36. The Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana (PMRPY) incentivizes:
A) Workers
B) Employers for generating new employment
C) Farmers
D) Exporters
Answer: B
Explanation: PMRPY reimburses employers’ EPF contribution to encourage job creation.
37. The Stand-Up India Scheme provides loans to:
A) Large corporates
B) Women and SC/ST entrepreneurs
C) Exporters only
D) Cooperative societies
Answer: B
Explanation: Stand-Up India (2016) provides loans (₹10 lakh–₹1 crore) for women & SC/ST entrepreneurs.
38. The National Career Service (NCS) portal provides:
A) Digital skill training
B) Online employment services
C) Pension support
D) Agricultural loans
Answer: B
Explanation: NCS portal (2015) provides job matching, counseling, and skill training.
39. The PMEGP (Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme) promotes:
A) Large industries
B) Self-employment through micro-enterprises
C) Agriculture exports
D) Startups only
Answer: B
Explanation: PMEGP provides subsidy for micro-enterprises & self-employment.
40. Which agency implements PMEGP?
A) NABARD
B) KVIC (Khadi and Village Industries Commission)
C) NSDC
D) SIDBI
Answer: B
Explanation: KVIC implements PMEGP, in coordination with state agencies.
41. Which scheme provides free coaching to economically weaker students?
A) PM-YASASVI
B) SHREYAS
C) Naya Savera
D) PMGKAY
Answer: C
Explanation: Naya Savera provides free coaching to minority students.
42. Skill India Mission was launched in:
A) 2010
B) 2013
C) 2015
D) 2017
Answer: C
Explanation: Skill India Mission (2015) aims to train 40 crore people by 2022.
43. Which scheme merges all skill development programs under one umbrella?
A) PMKVY
B) Skill India Mission
C) SANKALP
D) DDU-GKY
Answer: C
Explanation: SANKALP (2017) integrates all skill programs for better coordination.
44. The Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) is primarily a:
A) Skill scheme
B) Employment scheme
C) Social security & women welfare scheme
D) Farmer insurance scheme
Answer: C
Explanation: PMUY provides LPG, reducing drudgery and improving women’s health.
45. The One Nation One Ration Card (ONORC) scheme ensures:
A) Free LPG distribution
B) Portability of ration benefits across India
C) Rural employment
D) Direct pensions
Answer: B
Explanation: ONORC (2019) allows ration cardholders to get food grains anywhere in India.
46. The PM-SVANidhi Scheme provides loans to:
A) Farmers
B) Street vendors
C) Exporters
D) Startups
Answer: B
Explanation: PM Street Vendor’s Atmanirbhar Nidhi (PM-SVANidhi, 2020) gives working capital loans to street vendors.
47. The Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyaan (GKRA) was launched in 2020 for:
A) Migrant workers during COVID-19
B) Farmers
C) Export promotion
D) Banking reforms
Answer: A
Explanation: GKRA was launched to provide employment to migrant workers during COVID.
48. National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (NAPS) provides:
A) Free coaching to students
B) Incentives for apprenticeship training
C) Food subsidies
D) Startup capital
Answer: B
Explanation: NAPS subsidizes stipends and training costs for apprenticeships.
49. Which scheme provides maternity benefits of ₹6000 to pregnant women?
A) ICDS
B) PMMVY
C) Janani Suraksha Yojana
D) Ayushman Bharat
Answer: B
Explanation: Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY) provides maternity benefits.
50. The Jan Suraksha Schemes include:
A) PMJJBY, PMSBY, APY
B) PMUY, PMAY, PMFBY
C) MGNREGA, PMGSY, NRLM
D) Mudra, Stand-Up, Startup
Answer: A
Explanation: Jan Suraksha Schemes = PMJJBY, PMSBY, APY → social security.
51. The Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) was launched in:
A) 2014
B) 2015
C) 2016
D) 2017
Answer: C
Explanation: PMFBY (2016) provides crop insurance against natural calamities at low premium rates.
52. The premium rate under PMFBY for Kharif crops is:
A) 1%
B) 2%
C) 3%
D) 5%
Answer: B
Explanation: Farmers pay 2% premium for Kharif, 1.5% for Rabi, and 5% for commercial/horticulture crops.
53. The Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme was launched in:
A) 1995
B) 1998
C) 2000
D) 2005
Answer: B
Explanation: KCC (1998) provides short-term credit to farmers at concessional rates.
54. The KCC scheme is implemented by:
A) NABARD
B) RBI
C) Ministry of Agriculture
D) SIDBI
Answer: A
Explanation: NABARD initiated KCC in consultation with RBI and banks.
55. The PM-Kisan Samman Nidhi scheme provides:
A) ₹2000 per year
B) ₹4000 per year
C) ₹6000 per year
D) ₹10,000 per year
Answer: C
Explanation: PM-KISAN (2019) provides ₹6000 annually in 3 installments to small farmers.
56. PM-Kisan is implemented by which ministry?
A) Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare
B) Ministry of Finance
C) Ministry of Rural Development
D) NABARD
Answer: A
Explanation: PM-Kisan is under the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare.
57. The e-NAM (National Agriculture Market) was launched in:
A) 2014
B) 2016
C) 2018
D) 2020
Answer: B
Explanation: e-NAM (2016) is a digital trading platform for agricultural produce.
58. Which agency implements e-NAM?
A) SEBI
B) NABARD
C) Small Farmers Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC)
D) FCI
Answer: C
Explanation: SFAC implements the e-NAM platform.
59. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) was launched in:
A) 2002
B) 2004
C) 2007
D) 2010
Answer: C
Explanation: RKVY (2007) supports agriculture & allied sector growth.
60. The Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) promotes:
A) Organic farming
B) Hybrid farming
C) GM crops
D) Irrigation
Answer: A
Explanation: PKVY encourages organic farming practices.
61. Which scheme provides soil health cards to farmers?
A) PMFBY
B) PMKSY
C) Soil Health Card Scheme
D) RKVY
Answer: C
Explanation: Soil Health Card Scheme (2015) provides farmers with soil nutrient status for better farming.
62. The Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY) promotes:
A) Crop insurance
B) Irrigation and water use efficiency
C) Organic farming
D) Food subsidies
Answer: B
Explanation: PMKSY (2015) ensures “Har Khet Ko Pani” (irrigation for every farm).
63. The PMFBY replaced which earlier schemes?
A) NAIS and MNAIS
B) KCC and RKVY
C) APY and PMJJBY
D) None
Answer: A
Explanation: PMFBY replaced NAIS (National Agriculture Insurance Scheme) and MNAIS (Modified NAIS).
64. The National Food Security Mission (NFSM) was launched in:
A) 2005
B) 2007
C) 2009
D) 2011
Answer: B
Explanation: NFSM (2007) aimed to increase production of rice, wheat, pulses, and later maize.
65. Which scheme is known as “Har Khet Ko Pani”?
A) RKVY
B) PMKSY
C) PMFBY
D) NFSM
Answer: B
Explanation: PMKSY ensures irrigation water to all farms.
66. The National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) promotes:
A) GM crops
B) Climate-resilient farming
C) Only irrigation
D) Crop insurance
Answer: B
Explanation: NMSA promotes climate-smart agricultural practices.
67. The Interest Subvention Scheme provides:
A) Subsidy on fertilizer
B) Subsidized short-term crop loans
C) Free seeds
D) Free insurance
Answer: B
Explanation: Interest Subvention Scheme reduces interest on short-term farm loans.
68. The PM-Kisan Maandhan Yojana provides:
A) Pension for small and marginal farmers
B) Crop insurance
C) Fertilizer subsidy
D) Free electricity
Answer: A
Explanation: PM-KMY (2019) provides pension to small & marginal farmers.
69. Financial inclusion program launched in 2014 is:
A) PMJDY
B) PMFBY
C) PM-KISAN
D) RSETI
Answer: A
Explanation: Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (2014) ensures banking access to all.
70. PMJDY provides accidental insurance cover of:
A) ₹50,000
B) ₹1 lakh
C) ₹2 lakh
D) ₹5 lakh
Answer: C
Explanation: PMJDY accounts come with ₹2 lakh accidental insurance cover.
71. The SPMRM (Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission) focuses on:
A) Industrial hubs
B) Cluster-based rural development with urban facilities
C) Only roads
D) Export promotion
Answer: B
Explanation: Rurban Mission develops rural clusters with urban amenities.
72. Which scheme promotes women’s Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in rural areas?
A) PMUY
B) NRLM
C) PMAY
D) PMJDY
Answer: B
Explanation: Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – NRLM promotes women SHGs.
73. Which institution is the nodal agency for microfinance regulation?
A) NABARD
B) RBI
C) SIDBI
D) SEBI
Answer: B
Explanation: RBI regulates Microfinance Institutions (NBFC-MFIs).
74. The Financial Literacy Week is observed annually by:
A) NABARD
B) RBI
C) SEBI
D) Ministry of Finance
Answer: B
Explanation: RBI conducts Financial Literacy Week every year.
75. The main objective of PMJDY is:
A) Provide subsidies
B) Universal access to banking, credit, insurance, pension
C) Only loan waivers
D) Rural electrification
Answer: B
Explanation: PMJDY ensures universal financial inclusion.
76. The Ayushman Bharat scheme was launched in:
A) 2016
B) 2017
C) 2018
D) 2019
Answer: C
Explanation: Ayushman Bharat (2018) includes PM-JAY health insurance and Health & Wellness Centres.
77. Under Ayushman Bharat – PM-JAY, the insurance cover provided per family is:
A) ₹2 lakh
B) ₹3 lakh
C) ₹5 lakh
D) ₹10 lakh
Answer: C
Explanation: PM-JAY provides ₹5 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary care.
78. Which scheme is known as the world’s largest government-funded health insurance programme?
A) RSBY
B) Ayushman Bharat – PM-JAY
C) PMMVY
D) PMFBY
Answer: B
Explanation: PM-JAY is the largest health insurance scheme globally.
79. Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) promotes:
A) Free school education
B) Institutional deliveries
C) Housing subsidies
D) Rural skill training
Answer: B
Explanation: JSY (2005) reduces maternal and infant mortality by promoting institutional deliveries.
80. The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme provides:
A) Nutrition, health & preschool education
B) Skill training
C) Crop insurance
D) Pension
Answer: A
Explanation: ICDS (1975) is one of the world’s largest community-based outreach programmes.
81. Mission Indradhanush aims at:
A) Women empowerment
B) Universal immunization of children & pregnant women
C) School education
D) Crop insurance
Answer: B
Explanation: Mission Indradhanush strengthens routine immunization.
82. Poshan Abhiyaan is related to:
A) Clean water
B) Nutritional improvement in women & children
C) Housing
D) Crop insurance
Answer: B
Explanation: Poshan Abhiyaan (2018) targets malnutrition reduction.
83. The Mid-Day Meal Scheme was launched in:
A) 1990
B) 1995
C) 2000
D) 2005
Answer: B
Explanation: Mid-Day Meal Scheme (1995) provides free cooked meals to schoolchildren.
84. The Samagra Shiksha scheme integrates:
A) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan, Teacher Training
B) MGNREGA and PMAY
C) ICDS and Poshan Abhiyaan
D) PMJDY and PMFBY
Answer: A
Explanation: Samagra Shiksha (2018) integrates school education schemes from pre-school to Class 12.
85. The Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme was launched in:
A) 2012
B) 2014
C) 2015
D) 2017
Answer: C
Explanation: BBBP (2015) aims to improve child sex ratio and girl education.
86. Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana (SSY) is a:
A) Crop insurance scheme
B) Savings scheme for girl child
C) Housing subsidy scheme
D) Social pension
Answer: B
Explanation: SSY (2015) provides small savings for girl child education & marriage.
87. The Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY) provides maternity benefits of:
A) ₹3000
B) ₹4000
C) ₹5000
D) ₹6000
Answer: D
Explanation: PMMVY provides ₹6000 to pregnant & lactating mothers.
88. The Kishori Shakti Yojana is aimed at:
A) Empowerment of adolescent girls
B) Old age pensions
C) Rural electrification
D) School building construction
Answer: A
Explanation: KSY focuses on nutrition, health & skills for adolescent girls.
89. The National Health Mission (NHM) includes:
A) NRHM and NUHM
B) PMFBY and PMJDY
C) ICDS and Poshan
D) PMAY and PMUY
Answer: A
Explanation: NHM (2013) combines NRHM (rural) and NUHM (urban).
90. Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) provided:
A) School education
B) Health insurance for BPL families
C) Free LPG
D) Pension
Answer: B
Explanation: RSBY gave health insurance cover to BPL families, later merged into PM-JAY.
91. Which scheme provides scholarships for SC/ST/OBC students?
A) Vidya Lakshmi
B) Post-Matric Scholarship Scheme
C) Samagra Shiksha
D) Skill India Mission
Answer: B
Explanation: Post-Matric Scholarship Scheme supports higher education of SC/ST/OBC students.
92. The National Means-cum-Merit Scholarship (NMMS) targets:
A) Farmers’ children
B) Class VIII students from economically weaker sections
C) Women SHGs
D) Rural workers
Answer: B
Explanation: NMMS provides scholarships to Class VIII students from poor families.
93. The “PM e-Vidya” initiative was launched to:
A) Promote agricultural marketing
B) Digital learning during COVID-19
C) Skill training only
D) Food distribution
Answer: B
Explanation: PM e-Vidya (2020) promotes online education during COVID.
94. The Digital India Programme was launched in:
A) 2013
B) 2014
C) 2015
D) 2016
Answer: C
Explanation: Digital India (2015) aims for e-governance & digital empowerment.
95. The Startup India Programme was launched in:
A) 2014
B) 2015
C) 2016
D) 2017
Answer: C
Explanation: Startup India (2016) promotes entrepreneurship & innovation.
96. Stand-Up India scheme specifically supports:
A) SC/ST and women entrepreneurs
B) Farmers
C) Exporters
D) Large corporates
Answer: A
Explanation: Stand-Up India supports SC/ST and women entrepreneurs.
97. The National Nutrition Mission is also known as:
A) PMMVY
B) Poshan Abhiyaan
C) ICDS
D) JSY
Answer: B
Explanation: Poshan Abhiyaan = National Nutrition Mission (2018).
98. The Ujjwala Yojana mainly benefits:
A) Farmers
B) Women in BPL households
C) Street vendors
D) Exporters
Answer: B
Explanation: PMUY provides free LPG connections to women in BPL families.
99. The Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY) provides:
A) Free LPG
B) Free food grains to poor families
C) Housing subsidy
D) Pension
Answer: B
Explanation: PMGKAY (2020) provided free food grains during COVID under NFSA.
100. Which programme aims to empower women through Self-Help Groups (SHGs)?
A) DAY-NRLM
B) PMJDY
C) PMFBY
D) PMAY
Answer: A
Explanation: DAY-NRLM strengthens women SHGs for livelihood promotion.