1. The largest ocean in the world is:
A) Atlantic Ocean
B) Indian Ocean
C) Pacific Ocean
D) Southern Ocean
Answer: C
Explanation: The Pacific (~168 million sq. km) is the largest ocean, covering about one-third of Earth’s surface.
2. The deepest point on Earth, the Mariana Trench, is located in:
A) Atlantic Ocean
B) Pacific Ocean
C) Indian Ocean
D) Arctic Ocean
Answer: B
Explanation: Mariana Trench (Challenger Deep, ~11,034 m) is in the western Pacific Ocean.
3. The second largest ocean in the world is:
A) Atlantic Ocean
B) Indian Ocean
C) Southern Ocean
D) Arctic Ocean
Answer: A
Explanation: The Atlantic Ocean (~106 million sq. km) is the second largest, after Pacific.
4. The ocean that separates Africa from Australia is:
A) Atlantic Ocean
B) Indian Ocean
C) Pacific Ocean
D) Southern Ocean
Answer: B
Explanation: The Indian Ocean lies between Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Southern Ocean.
5. The only ocean named after a country is:
A) Pacific Ocean
B) Indian Ocean
C) Atlantic Ocean
D) Arctic Ocean
Answer: B
Explanation: Named after India, the Indian Ocean is the only ocean named after a country.
6. The warmest ocean in the world is:
A) Pacific Ocean
B) Atlantic Ocean
C) Indian Ocean
D) Arctic Ocean
Answer: C
Explanation: The Indian Ocean is the warmest due to its tropical location.
7. The smallest ocean in the world is:
A) Southern Ocean
B) Arctic Ocean
C) Indian Ocean
D) Atlantic Ocean
Answer: B
Explanation: Arctic Ocean (~14 million sq. km) is the smallest and shallowest ocean.
8. The Southern Ocean was officially recognized in:
A) 1920
B) 1953
C) 2000
D) 2020
Answer: C
Explanation: The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognized it in 2000 as the fifth ocean.
9. Which ocean has the longest coastline?
A) Atlantic Ocean
B) Pacific Ocean
C) Indian Ocean
D) Arctic Ocean
Answer: B
Explanation: The Pacific Ocean has the longest coastline (~135,600 km).
10. Which ocean has the highest average depth?
A) Atlantic Ocean
B) Indian Ocean
C) Pacific Ocean
D) Southern Ocean
Answer: C
Explanation: Pacific Ocean has an average depth of ~4,280 m.
11. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is located in:
A) Indian Ocean
B) Atlantic Ocean
C) Pacific Ocean
D) Arctic Ocean
Answer: B
Explanation: It is a divergent plate boundary running through the Atlantic.
12. The ocean most affected by the El Niño phenomenon is:
A) Atlantic Ocean
B) Pacific Ocean
C) Indian Ocean
D) Southern Ocean
Answer: B
Explanation: El Niño originates in the equatorial Pacific Ocean.
13. The ocean surrounded by Asia, Africa, and Australia is:
A) Indian Ocean
B) Pacific Ocean
C) Atlantic Ocean
D) Southern Ocean
Answer: A
14. The ocean with the “Ring of Fire” volcanic belt is:
A) Atlantic Ocean
B) Indian Ocean
C) Pacific Ocean
D) Arctic Ocean
Answer: C
Explanation: The Pacific Ocean is encircled by earthquake and volcano zones, known as the “Ring of Fire.”
15. The Bermuda Triangle is located in which ocean?
A) Indian Ocean
B) Atlantic Ocean
C) Pacific Ocean
D) Southern Ocean
Answer: B
Explanation: Between Bermuda, Florida, and Puerto Rico in the Atlantic.
16. The world’s largest island, Greenland, is surrounded by which ocean?
A) Indian Ocean
B) Atlantic Ocean
C) Arctic Ocean
D) Pacific Ocean
Answer: C
Explanation: Greenland is located in the Arctic Ocean.
17. Which ocean has the saltiest water on average?
A) Indian Ocean
B) Atlantic Ocean
C) Pacific Ocean
D) Arctic Ocean
Answer: B
Explanation: The Atlantic Ocean has the highest salinity due to high evaporation and less freshwater inflow.
18. The Sunda Trench is located in which ocean?
A) Pacific Ocean
B) Indian Ocean
C) Atlantic Ocean
D) Arctic Ocean
Answer: B
Explanation: The Sunda Trench (Java Trench) lies in the Indian Ocean near Indonesia.
19. The Philippine Trench lies in:
A) Atlantic Ocean
B) Indian Ocean
C) Pacific Ocean
D) Southern Ocean
Answer: C
Explanation: It is one of the deepest trenches in the Pacific.
20. Which ocean current system influences the Indian monsoon?
A) Gulf Stream
B) Kuroshio Current
C) Indian Ocean Equatorial Currents
D) Labrador Current
Answer: C
Explanation: Monsoons are influenced by equatorial currents and upwelling in the Indian Ocean.
21. The Arctic Ocean is covered with ice for most of the year but remains navigable in summer due to:
A) Melting glaciers
B) Polar ice retreat (climate change)
C) Oceanic currents
D) Tectonic activity
Answer: B
22. Which ocean surrounds Antarctica?
A) Pacific Ocean
B) Southern Ocean
C) Atlantic Ocean
D) Indian Ocean
Answer: B
23. Which ocean is sometimes called the “frozen ocean”?
A) Atlantic Ocean
B) Arctic Ocean
C) Indian Ocean
D) Southern Ocean
Answer: B
Explanation: The Arctic Ocean remains frozen for much of the year.
24. The world’s second-deepest trench, the Tonga Trench, is in:
A) Pacific Ocean
B) Atlantic Ocean
C) Indian Ocean
D) Arctic Ocean
Answer: A
Explanation: Tonga Trench (~10,882 m) lies in the South Pacific.
25. The Gulf Stream is a warm ocean current in which ocean?
A) Pacific Ocean
B) Atlantic Ocean
C) Indian Ocean
D) Southern Ocean
Answer: B
Explanation: It flows from the Gulf of Mexico along the US East Coast towards Europe.
26. The largest inland water body in the world is:
A) Aral Sea
B) Caspian Sea
C) Dead Sea
D) Black Sea
Answer: B
Explanation: Caspian Sea (~371,000 sq. km) is the largest enclosed inland sea, bordered by Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran, and Azerbaijan.
27. The Caspian Sea is geographically classified as a:
A) Freshwater lake
B) Saltwater lake/sea
C) Lagoon
D) Fjord
Answer: B
Explanation: It is a saline, endorheic (no outlet) sea.
28. The Mediterranean Sea connects to the Atlantic Ocean through:
A) Suez Canal
B) Bosporus Strait
C) Gibraltar Strait
D) Dardanelles Strait
Answer: C
Explanation: Gibraltar Strait links Mediterranean and Atlantic.
29. The Mediterranean Sea connects to the Red Sea via:
A) Bab-el-Mandeb Strait
B) Suez Canal
C) Gulf of Suez
D) Bosporus Strait
Answer: B
Explanation: Suez Canal (Egypt) links Mediterranean with the Red Sea.
30. The Red Sea connects to the Gulf of Aden via:
A) Strait of Hormuz
B) Bab-el-Mandeb Strait
C) Bosporus Strait
D) Gibraltar Strait
Answer: B
Explanation: Bab-el-Mandeb connects Red Sea to Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea.
31. The Red Sea is famous for:
A) Lowest salinity
B) Highest salinity among seas
C) Freshwater input
D) Being landlocked
Answer: B
Explanation: Red Sea has salinity ~40‰ (parts per thousand), among the highest due to evaporation.
32. The Black Sea connects to the Mediterranean Sea through:
A) Bosporus and Dardanelles Straits
B) Suez Canal
C) Strait of Gibraltar
D) Bab-el-Mandeb
Answer: A
Explanation: Black Sea – Bosporus Strait – Sea of Marmara – Dardanelles Strait – Aegean Sea – Mediterranean.
33. The Sea of Marmara lies between:
A) Mediterranean and Red Sea
B) Black Sea and Aegean Sea
C) Caspian and Aral Seas
D) Dead Sea and Gulf of Aqaba
Answer: B
Explanation: The Sea of Marmara is between the Bosporus and Dardanelles, separating Europe and Asia.
34. The Adriatic Sea lies between:
A) Italy and Greece
B) Italy and Balkan Peninsula
C) France and Spain
D) Turkey and Cyprus
Answer: B
Explanation: Adriatic Sea separates the Italian Peninsula from the Balkans.
35. The Aegean Sea lies between:
A) Italy and Greece
B) Greece and Turkey
C) France and Spain
D) Morocco and Spain
Answer: B
Explanation: The Aegean Sea is between Greece and Turkey, dotted with many Greek islands.
36. The Dead Sea lies between:
A) Israel and Jordan
B) Iraq and Syria
C) Turkey and Armenia
D) Egypt and Libya
Answer: A
Explanation: Dead Sea (salinity ~34%) lies between Israel and Jordan, Earth’s lowest exposed point.
37. The Baltic Sea is bordered by how many countries?
A) 5
B) 7
C) 9
D) 12
Answer: C
Explanation: Bordered by Sweden, Finland, Russia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Germany, Denmark.
38. The Baltic Sea is connected to the North Sea via:
A) Kattegat and Skagerrak Straits
B) Strait of Gibraltar
C) Kiel Canal only
D) Bosporus Strait
Answer: A
Explanation: Through Kattegat and Skagerrak between Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.
39. The North Sea is bordered by:
A) UK, Norway, Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, France
B) Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey
C) Russia, Iran, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan
D) India, Sri Lanka, Maldives
Answer: A
Explanation: North Sea lies between the UK and mainland northwestern Europe.
40. The Persian Gulf is connected to the Arabian Sea by:
A) Strait of Hormuz and Gulf of Oman
B) Bab-el-Mandeb
C) Bosporus
D) Suez Canal
Answer: A
Explanation: Persian Gulf → Strait of Hormuz → Gulf of Oman → Arabian Sea.
41. The Gulf of Aqaba is part of:
A) Mediterranean Sea
B) Red Sea
C) Black Sea
D) Caspian Sea
Answer: B
Explanation: Gulf of Aqaba (northwestern arm of Red Sea) borders Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia.
42. The Gulf of Suez is an extension of:
A) Mediterranean Sea
B) Red Sea
C) Black Sea
D) Caspian Sea
Answer: B
Explanation: Gulf of Suez forms northwestern arm of Red Sea, linked to Suez Canal.
43. The Sea of Japan is bordered by:
A) Japan, Korea, Russia
B) China, Korea, Vietnam
C) Japan, China, Philippines
D) Japan only
Answer: A
Explanation: Sea of Japan is between Japan, Korea, and Russia.
44. The Yellow Sea lies between:
A) China and Korea
B) Japan and Philippines
C) India and Sri Lanka
D) Iran and UAE
Answer: A
Explanation: The Yellow Sea lies between eastern China and the Korean Peninsula.
45. The Sea of Okhotsk belongs to which country’s coast?
A) China
B) Russia
C) Japan
D) South Korea
Answer: B
Explanation: Sea of Okhotsk lies along Russia’s Far East, north of Japan.
46. The Bering Sea separates:
A) Russia and Alaska (USA)
B) Canada and Greenland
C) Iceland and Norway
D) Argentina and Chile
Answer: A
Explanation: Bering Sea lies between eastern Russia and Alaska.
47. The Caribbean Sea is part of:
A) Atlantic Ocean
B) Pacific Ocean
C) Indian Ocean
D) Southern Ocean
Answer: A
Explanation: Caribbean Sea, part of the Atlantic, lies southeast of the Gulf of Mexico.
48. The Gulf of Mexico is connected to the Atlantic Ocean via:
A) Florida Strait
B) Strait of Hormuz
C) Bab-el-Mandeb
D) Bosporus
Answer: A
Explanation: Gulf of Mexico connects to Atlantic via Florida Strait and to Caribbean via Yucatán Channel.
49. The Bay of Biscay lies between:
A) France and Spain
B) Italy and Greece
C) UK and Norway
D) Morocco and Algeria
Answer: A
Explanation: Bay of Biscay is on the western coast of France and northern coast of Spain.
50. The Tyrrhenian Sea lies west of:
A) Greece
B) Italy
C) Spain
D) Turkey
Answer: B
Explanation: Tyrrhenian Sea is part of the Mediterranean, between western Italy and the islands of Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily.
51. The Arabian Sea is part of which ocean?
A) Pacific Ocean
B) Atlantic Ocean
C) Indian Ocean
D) Southern Ocean
Answer: C
Explanation: Arabian Sea is a northwestern part of the Indian Ocean, bounded by India, Pakistan, Iran, and Arabian Peninsula.
52. The Bay of Bengal is bounded by which countries?
A) India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand
B) India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan
C) Iran, Oman, UAE, Yemen
D) China, Japan, Korea
Answer: A
Explanation: Bay of Bengal borders India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and eastern Thailand.
53. The Andaman Sea lies between:
A) India and Pakistan
B) Myanmar, Thailand and Andaman–Nicobar Islands
C) China and Korea
D) Greece and Turkey
Answer: B
Explanation: Andaman Sea lies east of Andaman–Nicobar Islands, bounded by Myanmar and Thailand.
54. The Laccadive Sea (Lakshadweep Sea) lies to the west of:
A) Sri Lanka and Maldives
B) Japan and Korea
C) Italy and Greece
D) USA and Canada
Answer: A
Explanation: The Laccadive Sea is part of the Indian Ocean, west of Sri Lanka and Maldives.
55. The Persian Gulf is an extension of:
A) Red Sea
B) Arabian Sea
C) Black Sea
D) Caspian Sea
Answer: B
Explanation: Persian Gulf connects to Arabian Sea via Strait of Hormuz and Gulf of Oman.
56. The Gulf of Aden connects:
A) Red Sea and Arabian Sea
B) Black Sea and Mediterranean
C) Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea
D) Caspian Sea and Aral Sea
Answer: A
Explanation: Gulf of Aden lies between Yemen and Somalia, linking Red Sea and Arabian Sea.
57. The Gulf of Oman connects:
A) Persian Gulf to Arabian Sea
B) Red Sea to Mediterranean
C) Caspian Sea to Black Sea
D) Pacific Ocean to Atlantic
Answer: A
Explanation: It is between Oman and Iran, linking Strait of Hormuz (Persian Gulf) with Arabian Sea.
58. The Gulf of Kutch and Gulf of Khambhat are located on the coast of:
A) Tamil Nadu
B) Gujarat
C) Kerala
D) Odisha
Answer: B
Explanation: Both gulfs lie along Gujarat’s coast, Arabian Sea.
59. The Gulf of Mannar lies between:
A) India and Maldives
B) India and Sri Lanka
C) India and Pakistan
D) India and Bangladesh
Answer: B
Explanation: Gulf of Mannar lies between southeastern India (Tamil Nadu) and Sri Lanka.
60. The Palk Strait connects:
A) Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea
B) Bay of Bengal and Gulf of Mannar
C) Arabian Sea and Mediterranean
D) Red Sea and Gulf of Aden
Answer: B
Explanation: Palk Strait lies between India and Sri Lanka, connecting Bay of Bengal and Gulf of Mannar.
61. The largest sea in the world by area is:
A) Red Sea
B) Arabian Sea
C) Philippine Sea
D) Caribbean Sea
Answer: C
Explanation: Philippine Sea (~5 million sq. km) is the world’s largest sea by area, part of the Pacific Ocean.
62. The Caribbean Sea is part of which ocean?
A) Pacific Ocean
B) Indian Ocean
C) Atlantic Ocean
D) Southern Ocean
Answer: C
Explanation: Caribbean Sea is a part of the Atlantic Ocean, bordered by Central and South America and Caribbean Islands.
63. The Sargasso Sea is unique because:
A) It is landlocked
B) It has no land boundaries
C) It is below sea level
D) It is a freshwater sea
Answer: B
Explanation: Sargasso Sea (Atlantic Ocean) is defined by ocean currents, not land boundaries; known for floating Sargassum seaweed.
64. The Bering Sea separates:
A) Alaska (USA) and Russia
B) India and Sri Lanka
C) China and Korea
D) Greece and Turkey
Answer: A
Explanation: The Bering Sea lies between Alaska and Siberia, connected to Arctic by Bering Strait.
65. The Okhotsk Sea belongs to which country’s coast?
A) Japan
B) Russia
C) China
D) South Korea
Answer: B
Explanation: Sea of Okhotsk is located between Russian Far East and Japan’s Hokkaido.
66. The Gulf of California is also known as:
A) Gulf of Mexico
B) Sea of Cortez
C) Bay of Campeche
D) Gulf of Alaska
Answer: B
Explanation: The Gulf of California, or Sea of Cortez, lies between Baja California Peninsula and Mexico.
67. The Beaufort Sea is part of which ocean?
A) Atlantic Ocean
B) Pacific Ocean
C) Arctic Ocean
D) Indian Ocean
Answer: C
Explanation: Located north of Alaska and Canada, part of Arctic Ocean.
68. The Hudson Bay is located in:
A) USA
B) Canada
C) Greenland
D) Iceland
Answer: B
Explanation: Hudson Bay is a large inland sea in northeastern Canada.
69. The Gulf of Alaska is part of which ocean?
A) Atlantic Ocean
B) Indian Ocean
C) Pacific Ocean
D) Arctic Ocean
Answer: C
Explanation: Gulf of Alaska is part of northern Pacific Ocean.
70. The Labrador Sea lies between:
A) Greenland and Canada
B) USA and Mexico
C) UK and France
D) Japan and Korea
Answer: A
Explanation: Labrador Sea lies between Greenland and northeastern Canada, part of North Atlantic.
71. The Scotia Sea is located near:
A) Arctic Ocean
B) Caribbean Sea
C) Southern Ocean, near Antarctica
D) Red Sea
Answer: C
Explanation: Scotia Sea lies near South Sandwich Islands, between South America and Antarctica.
72. The Gulf of Carpentaria lies in:
A) India
B) Australia
C) Indonesia
D) South Africa
Answer: B
Explanation: Gulf of Carpentaria lies in northern Australia, part of the Arafura Sea.
73. The Timor Sea separates:
A) India and Sri Lanka
B) Indonesia and Australia
C) USA and Mexico
D) Egypt and Saudi Arabia
Answer: B
Explanation: Timor Sea lies between northern Australia and Timor Island (Indonesia).
74. The Coral Sea lies near:
A) Japan
B) Australia
C) India
D) South America
Answer: B
Explanation: Coral Sea lies northeast of Australia, home to the Great Barrier Reef.
75. The Tasman Sea separates:
A) Australia and New Zealand
B) USA and Canada
C) India and Myanmar
D) Argentina and Brazil
Answer: A
Explanation: Tasman Sea lies between southeastern Australia and New Zealand.
76. The Strait of Gibraltar connects:
A) Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean
B) Black Sea and Aegean Sea
C) Red Sea and Arabian Sea
D) Caspian Sea and Aral Sea
Answer: A
Explanation: The Strait of Gibraltar separates Europe (Spain) and Africa (Morocco), linking Mediterranean to Atlantic.
77. The Bosporus Strait connects:
A) Red Sea and Mediterranean
B) Black Sea and Sea of Marmara
C) Caspian Sea and Black Sea
D) Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean
Answer: B
Explanation: Bosporus (Turkey) links Black Sea → Sea of Marmara → Dardanelles → Aegean Sea → Mediterranean.
78. The Dardanelles Strait connects:
A) Black Sea and Aegean Sea
B) Red Sea and Arabian Sea
C) Caspian Sea and Aral Sea
D) Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean
Answer: A
Explanation: Dardanelles connects Sea of Marmara with Aegean Sea, completing Black Sea to Mediterranean link.
79. The Strait of Hormuz connects:
A) Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea
B) Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman
C) Black Sea and Caspian Sea
D) Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean
Answer: B
Explanation: Strait of Hormuz is a vital chokepoint, linking Persian Gulf with Gulf of Oman and Arabian Sea.
80. The Bab-el-Mandeb Strait connects:
A) Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea
B) Red Sea and Gulf of Aden
C) Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal
D) Caspian Sea and Aral Sea
Answer: B
Explanation: Bab-el-Mandeb links Red Sea to Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea.
81. The Malacca Strait lies between:
A) India and Sri Lanka
B) Malaysia and Indonesia
C) Greece and Turkey
D) USA and Canada
Answer: B
Explanation: Malacca Strait is a major global trade route between Malay Peninsula and Sumatra (Indonesia).
82. The Sunda Strait lies between:
A) Borneo and Sumatra
B) Java and Sumatra
C) Bali and Timor
D) Papua and Sulawesi
Answer: B
Explanation: Sunda Strait connects Java Sea and Indian Ocean, between Java and Sumatra.
83. The Bering Strait separates:
A) Canada and Greenland
B) Russia and Alaska (USA)
C) Iceland and Norway
D) India and Sri Lanka
Answer: B
Explanation: Bering Strait connects Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean, between Russia and Alaska.
84. The Mozambique Channel lies between:
A) Madagascar and Mozambique (Africa)
B) Sri Lanka and India
C) Iceland and Greenland
D) Italy and Greece
Answer: A
Explanation: The channel lies in the western Indian Ocean.
85. The Gulf Stream is a:
A) Cold current in Pacific Ocean
B) Warm current in Atlantic Ocean
C) Cold current in Indian Ocean
D) Warm current in Southern Ocean
Answer: B
Explanation: Gulf Stream is a warm Atlantic current flowing from Gulf of Mexico to Europe.
86. The Labrador Current is a:
A) Warm current near Canada
B) Cold current near Canada
C) Warm current near Japan
D) Cold current near Australia
Answer: B
Explanation: Labrador Current is a cold North Atlantic current flowing southward along eastern Canada.
87. The Kuroshio Current is a:
A) Warm Pacific current near Japan
B) Cold Pacific current near Japan
C) Warm Indian Ocean current near Africa
D) Cold Southern Ocean current
Answer: A
Explanation: Kuroshio (Japan Current) is a warm Pacific Ocean current flowing north along Japan’s coast.
88. The Humboldt Current is also called:
A) Peru Current
B) Canary Current
C) Benguela Current
D) Agulhas Current
Answer: A
Explanation: Humboldt Current (Peru Current) is a cold current along west coast of South America.
89. The Canary Current flows along the coast of:
A) South America
B) North Africa
C) South Africa
D) Australia
Answer: B
Explanation: Canary Current is a cold Atlantic current along northwestern Africa.
90. The Agulhas Current is located near:
A) East coast of Africa (Indian Ocean)
B) West coast of Africa (Atlantic)
C) Australia
D) South America
Answer: A
Explanation: Agulhas Current is a warm current along southeastern Africa in Indian Ocean.
91. Which current moderates the climate of Western Europe?
A) Kuroshio Current
B) Gulf Stream–North Atlantic Drift
C) Humboldt Current
D) Labrador Current
Answer: B
Explanation: Warm Gulf Stream continues as North Atlantic Drift, keeping Western Europe mild.
92. The strongest ocean current in the world is:
A) Gulf Stream
B) Kuroshio Current
C) Antarctic Circumpolar Current
D) Humboldt Current
Answer: C
Explanation: The Antarctic Circumpolar Current circles Antarctica, the strongest and largest current.
93. Which current is responsible for rich fisheries off Peru and Chile?
A) Gulf Stream
B) Humboldt Current
C) Labrador Current
D) Kuroshio Current
Answer: B
Explanation: Humboldt (cold) brings nutrient-rich water, supporting fisheries.
94. The Somali Current is unique because:
A) It reverses direction with monsoon winds
B) It is the strongest warm current
C) It flows under the equator
D) It connects Pacific and Atlantic Oceans
Answer: A
Explanation: Somali Current in western Indian Ocean changes flow direction with summer/winter monsoon winds.
95. El Niño phenomenon is linked with:
A) Strengthening of Humboldt Current
B) Weakening of Humboldt Current
C) Disappearance of Kuroshio Current
D) Strengthening of Gulf Stream
Answer: B
Explanation: El Niño weakens Humboldt (Peru) Current, warming eastern Pacific waters.
96. Which sea was the site of the 2022 Russia–Ukraine naval conflicts?
A) Black Sea
B) Caspian Sea
C) Baltic Sea
D) Adriatic Sea
Answer: A
Explanation: Black Sea was central to Russia–Ukraine naval confrontations.
97. The 2021 Ever Given incident blocked which sea route?
A) Panama Canal
B) Strait of Hormuz
C) Suez Canal (Mediterranean–Red Sea link)
D) Bosporus Strait
Answer: C
Explanation: The container ship Ever Given blocked the Suez Canal in March 2021, disrupting global trade.
98. The Red Sea has been in news for disruptions to global shipping (2023–24) mainly due to:
A) Tsunamis
B) Houthi rebel attacks near Bab-el-Mandeb
C) Canal construction
D) Droughts reducing depth
Answer: B
Explanation: Houthi attacks on ships near Bab-el-Mandeb caused shipping diversions.
99. Which sea is shrinking rapidly due to human water diversion?
A) Black Sea
B) Aral Sea
C) Caspian Sea
D) Dead Sea
Answer: B
Explanation: Aral Sea has lost over 90% of its water since 1960s due to irrigation projects.
100. Which ocean route is opening due to Arctic ice melting, providing shorter Europe–Asia passage?
A) Southern Ocean Passage
B) Northwest Passage
C) Gulf Stream Route
D) Strait of Hormuz
Answer: B
Explanation: Northwest Passage through Arctic Ocean is becoming navigable due to melting ice, shortening Europe–Asia trade routes.