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1. What is the main function of the urinary bladder ?
A. To produce urine
B. To store urine
C. To regulate fluid and electrolyte balance
D. To regulate blood sugar levels
ANSWER: B.To store urine
SOLUTION : The bladder’s walls relax and expand to store urine, and contract and flatten to empty urine through the urethra. The typical healthy adult bladder can store up to two cups of urine for two to five hours.
2. Which organ is responsible for filtering the blood and removing waste products from the body?
A. Liver
B. Kidneys
C. Lungs
D. Intestines
ANSWER: B.Kidneys
SOLUTION:Your kidneys are responsible for filtering both the body’s blood and other waste materials that may enter the body, whether through food, drink or medicine. The waste leaves the body as urine.
3. What is the main function of the excretory system?
A. To regulate fluid and electrolyte balance
B. To remove waste products
C. To control blood pressure
D. To regulate blood sugar levels
ANSWER :B.To remove waste products
SOLUTION:The main function of the excretory system is to remove waste products and excess materials from an organism’s body fluids. This helps maintain the body’s chemical homeostasis and prevents damage.
4. Which of the following is NOT a waste product eliminated by the kidneys?
A. Urea
B. Ammonia
C. Creatinine
D. Sodium
ANSWER: C.Creatinine
SOLUTION: Ammonia is the waste produced by the metabolism of nitrogen-containing compounds like proteins and nucleic acids. Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscles from the breakdown of a compound called creatine.
5. The ureters are tubes that transport urine from the _______.
A. Bladder to the urethra
B. Kidneys to the bladder
C. Urethra to the bladder
D. Bladder to the kidneys
ANSWER: B.Kidneys to the bladder
SOLUTION:These narrow tubes carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Muscles in the ureter walls continually tighten and relax forcing urine downward, away from the kidneys.
6. The nephrons are the functional units of the ________.
A. Ureters
B. Bladder
C. Kidneys
D. Urethra
ANSWER: C.Kidneys
SOLUTION: Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney. They are microscopic structures that filter blood and maintain important physiological functions. A healthy adult has 1–1.5 million nephrons in each kidney.
7. The renal pelvis is a part of the ________.
A. Ureters
B. Bladder
C. Kidneys
D. Urethra
ANSWER:C.Kidneys
SOLUTION:The renal pelvis is part of the kidney’s urinary system
8. The process of reabsorbing useful substances from the filtrate back into the blood is called ________.
A. Secretion
B. Filtration
C. Reabsorption
D. Urination
ANSWER: C.Reabsorption
SOLUTION: The process of reabsorbing useful substances from the filtrate back into the blood is called tubular reabsorption. It’s a selective process that occurs primarily in the proximal tubule of the nephron. Tubular reabsorption reclaims about 99% of the filtered water and many useful solutes, such as glucose, amino acids, and electrolytes. This process is critical in maintaining the body’s electrolyte and fluid balance.
9. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is a structure found in the _________.
A. Ureters
B. Bladder
C. Kidneys
D. Urethra
ANSWER:C.Kidneys
SOLUTION: The juxtaglomerular apparatus (also known as the juxtaglomerular complex) is a structure in the kidney that regulates the function of each nephron, the functional units of the kidney. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is named because it is next to (juxta-) the glomerulus.
10. The Bowman’s capsule and golmerulus together form the _________.
A. Renal columns
B. Loop of Henle
C. Nephron
D. Renal corpuscle
ANSWER: D.Renal corpuscle
SOLUTION:
The glomerulus along with the Bowman’s capsule is called the malpighian body or renal corpuscle.