1. What is the study of living organisms called?
A) Zoology
B) Botany
C) Biology
D) Ecology
Answer: C
Explanation: Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms.
2. Who is known as the “Father of Biology”?
A) Aristotle
B) Darwin
C) Linnaeus
D) Mendel
Answer: A
Explanation: Aristotle made systematic observations of living organisms, hence called Father of Biology.
3. The term “Biology” was first coined by:
A) Aristotle
B) Lamarck and Treviranus
C) Darwin
D) Hooke
Answer: B
Explanation: The word Biology was coined in the early 19th century by Lamarck and Treviranus.
4. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living things?
A) Growth
B) Reproduction
C) Photosynthesis
D) Response to stimuli
Answer: C
Explanation: Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and some microorganisms, not all living things.
5. The smallest unit of life is:
A) Atom
B) Molecule
C) Cell
D) Tissue
Answer: C
Explanation: The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.
6. Which scientist discovered the cell?
A) Robert Hooke
B) Anton van Leeuwenhoek
C) Robert Brown
D) Louis Pasteur
Answer: A
Explanation: Hooke observed cork cells under a microscope in 1665.
7. Who discovered microorganisms?
A) Pasteur
B) Hooke
C) Leeuwenhoek
D) Jenner
Answer: C
Explanation: Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe and describe microorganisms.
8. Which is NOT a unifying theme of biology?
A) Cell theory
B) Evolution
C) Gravity
D) Genetics
Answer: C
Explanation: Gravity is a physical law, not a biological unifying theme.
9. The study of heredity is called:
A) Ecology
B) Genetics
C) Taxonomy
D) Physiology
Answer: B
Explanation: Genetics deals with heredity and variation in living organisms.
10. Which branch of biology deals with classification of organisms?
A) Anatomy
B) Taxonomy
C) Morphology
D) Cytology
Answer: B
Explanation: Taxonomy involves classification, naming, and identification of organisms.
11. The science that deals with relationships between organisms and their environment is:
A) Anatomy
B) Ecology
C) Embryology
D) Pathology
Answer: B
Explanation: Ecology studies interactions between organisms and their surroundings.
12. Which branch of biology focuses on the study of fungi?
A) Phycology
B) Mycology
C) Virology
D) Bryology
Answer: B
Explanation: Mycology is the scientific study of fungi.
13. The study of algae is called:
A) Bryology
B) Phycology
C) Botany
D) Morphology
Answer: B
Explanation: Phycology or algology is the branch of biology dealing with algae.
14. Which one of these is a prokaryote?
A) Amoeba
B) Bacteria
C) Yeast
D) Paramecium
Answer: B
Explanation: Bacteria lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, making them prokaryotic.
15. In biology, the term “species” refers to:
A) A group of similar individuals that can interbreed
B) A group of organisms with similar DNA only
C) Any animals living together
D) Plants only
Answer: A
Explanation: A species consists of organisms capable of producing fertile offspring.
16. The term “binomial nomenclature” refers to:
A) Double-stranded DNA
B) Two-part scientific naming of organisms
C) Division of cells
D) None of the above
Answer: B
Explanation: Developed by Linnaeus, binomial nomenclature uses genus and species names.
17. Which is the correct scientific name format?
A) HOMO SAPIENS
B) Homo sapiens
C) homo sapiens
D) Homo Sapiens
Answer: B
Explanation: The genus is capitalized, species is lowercase, both italicized.
18. Which branch of biology deals with viruses?
A) Mycology
B) Virology
C) Bacteriology
D) Protozoology
Answer: B
Explanation: Virology is the study of viruses and viral diseases.
19. The study of ancient life through fossils is called:
A) Anthropology
B) Paleontology
C) Archaeology
D) Histology
Answer: B
Explanation: Paleontology studies life forms from the geological past through fossils.
20. Which process do plants use to make their food?
A) Respiration
B) Photosynthesis
C) Digestion
D) Fermentation
Answer: B
Explanation: Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert CO₂ and water into glucose.
21. Which is NOT a eukaryotic organism?
A) Yeast
B) Mushroom
C) Cyanobacteria
D) Amoeba
Answer: C
Explanation: Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic photosynthetic bacteria.
22. Which molecule carries genetic information in most living things?
A) RNA
B) DNA
C) Protein
D) Lipid
Answer: B
Explanation: DNA stores genetic information for development and functioning.
23. The first step in the scientific method is:
A) Experimentation
B) Observation
C) Hypothesis formation
D) Data analysis
Answer: B
Explanation: Observation leads to questions that start the scientific process.
24. Which scientist proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection?
A) Lamarck
B) Darwin
C) Mendel
D) Wallace
Answer: B
Explanation: Charles Darwin’s theory emphasized survival and reproduction of the fittest.
25. Which branch of biology deals with the structure of organisms?
A) Physiology
B) Morphology
C) Anatomy
D) Cytology
Answer: B
Explanation: Morphology studies the form and structure of organisms.
26. The study of birds is called:
A) Ornithology
B) Entomology
C) Herpetology
D) Ichthyology
Answer: A
Explanation: Ornithology is the scientific study of birds.
27. Which branch of biology studies fish?
A) Herpetology
B) Ichthyology
C) Limnology
D) Mycology
Answer: B
Explanation: Ichthyology deals with the biology of fishes.
28. The study of insects is called:
A) Entomology
B) Ecology
C) Entophyte science
D) Taxonomy
Answer: A
Explanation: Entomology focuses on insects and their biology.
29. The study of reptiles and amphibians is:
A) Herpetology
B) Ornithology
C) Arachnology
D) Helminthology
Answer: A
Explanation: Herpetology deals with amphibians and reptiles.
30. The branch of biology dealing with the ocean and marine life is:
A) Oceanography
B) Marine biology
C) Limnology
D) Hydrobiology
Answer: B
Explanation: Marine biology studies organisms in the ocean and other marine environments.
31. The study of tissues is called:
A) Histology
B) Cytology
C) Anatomy
D) Morphology
Answer: A
Explanation: Histology examines the microscopic structure of tissues.
32. The study of human populations is called:
A) Anthropology
B) Demography
C) Sociology
D) Ecology
Answer: B
Explanation: Demography is the statistical study of populations.
33. Pathology is the branch of biology that studies:
A) Parasites
B) Diseases
C) Tissues
D) Fossils
Answer: B
Explanation: Pathology investigates the causes, processes, and effects of diseases.
34. Which branch studies the interaction of organisms in freshwater ecosystems?
A) Oceanography
B) Limnology
C) Marine biology
D) Hydrology
Answer: B
Explanation: Limnology is the study of freshwater bodies like lakes and rivers.
35. The study of mammals is called:
A) Mammalogy
B) Zoology
C) Veterinary science
D) Cytology
Answer: A
Explanation: Mammalogy focuses on the biology of mammals.
36. Which branch deals with the study of viruses?
A) Virology
B) Mycology
C) Bacteriology
D) Protozoology
Answer: A
Explanation: Virology studies viruses and their interactions with hosts.
37. Which branch of biology deals with the classification of organisms?
A) Morphology
B) Cytology
C) Taxonomy
D) Ecology
Answer: C
Explanation: Taxonomy involves naming, classifying, and categorizing living organisms.
38. Which branch focuses on the study of fungi?
A) Mycology
B) Bryology
C) Phycology
D) Protozoology
Answer: A
Explanation: Mycology studies fungi, including molds, yeasts, and mushrooms.
39. The study of mosses and liverworts is called:
A) Bryology
B) Phycology
C) Mycology
D) Botany
Answer: A
Explanation: Bryology deals with non-vascular plants like mosses.
40. Which branch studies plant diseases?
A) Plant pathology
B) Agronomy
C) Horticulture
D) Phytology
Answer: A
Explanation: Plant pathology studies the causes and control of plant diseases.
41. Which branch studies parasites?
A) Helminthology
B) Parasitology
C) Pathology
D) Virology
Answer: B
Explanation: Parasitology studies parasites and their relationship with hosts.
42. The study of ancient human cultures through remains is called:
A) Archaeology
B) Anthropology
C) Paleontology
D) Histology
Answer: A
Explanation: Archaeology studies past human societies through artifacts and remains.
43. Anthropology deals with:
A) Human evolution and culture
B) Animals only
C) Plants only
D) Microbes only
Answer: A
Explanation: Anthropology studies human origin, evolution, and cultural development.
44. Which branch focuses on the study of embryos and development?
A) Embryology
B) Cytology
C) Histology
D) Morphology
Answer: A
Explanation: Embryology studies the development of embryos from fertilization.
45. Which branch studies bacteria?
A) Virology
B) Bacteriology
C) Mycology
D) Protozoology
Answer: B
Explanation: Bacteriology examines the structure, function, and classification of bacteria.
46. The study of protozoa is called:
A) Virology
B) Bacteriology
C) Protozoology
D) Mycology
Answer: C
Explanation: Protozoology deals with single-celled eukaryotic organisms.
47. The branch that studies insects affecting crops is:
A) Economic entomology
B) Pestology
C) Agronomy
D) Horticulture
Answer: A
Explanation: Economic entomology focuses on insect pests and their control.
48. Which branch studies the spread of diseases in populations?
A) Epidemiology
B) Pathology
C) Immunology
D) Virology
Answer: A
Explanation: Epidemiology investigates how diseases spread and can be controlled.
49. Which branch studies immunity and the immune system?
A) Pathology
B) Immunology
C) Epidemiology
D) Bacteriology
Answer: B
Explanation: Immunology examines the body’s defense mechanisms against diseases.
50. The study of the nervous system is called:
A) Neurology
B) Psychology
C) Anatomy
D) Physiology
Answer: A
Explanation: Neurology focuses on the structure and function of the nervous system.
51. The basic unit of life is:
A) Atom
B) Cell
C) Tissue
D) Organ
Answer: B
Explanation: The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of life.
52. The scientist who discovered cells was:
A) Robert Hooke
B) Anton van Leeuwenhoek
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Matthias Schleiden
Answer: A
Explanation: In 1665, Hooke observed cork cells under a microscope and named them “cells.”
53. Which scientist is called the father of microbiology?
A) Robert Koch
B) Louis Pasteur
C) Anton van Leeuwenhoek
D) Aristotle
Answer: C
Explanation: Leeuwenhoek developed microscopes and observed microorganisms.
54. The cell theory was given by:
A) Darwin & Wallace
B) Schleiden & Schwann
C) Hooke & Pasteur
D) Koch & Jenner
Answer: B
Explanation: They proposed that all living things are made of cells and cell products.
55. Which cell organelle is known as the “powerhouse of the cell”?
A) Nucleus
B) Ribosome
C) Mitochondria
D) Golgi apparatus
Answer: C
Explanation: Mitochondria generate ATP through respiration, providing energy to the cell.
56. Ribosomes are responsible for:
A) DNA replication
B) Protein synthesis
C) Lipid storage
D) Photosynthesis
Answer: B
Explanation: Ribosomes are the sites where proteins are built from amino acids.
57. Which organelle is called the “control center” of the cell?
A) Mitochondria
B) Nucleus
C) Endoplasmic reticulum
D) Golgi body
Answer: B
Explanation: The nucleus stores genetic material and controls cell activities.
58. Which of the following is present only in plant cells?
A) Nucleus
B) Cell wall
C) Mitochondria
D) Cytoplasm
Answer: B
Explanation: Plant cells have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose.
59. Chloroplasts are responsible for:
A) Respiration
B) Photosynthesis
C) Protein synthesis
D) Digestion
Answer: B
Explanation: Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll to capture light energy for making food.
60. Which organelle packages and transports cell products?
A) Lysosome
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Ribosome
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: B
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus modifies, stores, and ships proteins and lipids.
61. Which type of cell lacks a nucleus?
A) Plant cell
B) Animal cell
C) Prokaryotic cell
D) Eukaryotic cell
Answer: C
Explanation: Prokaryotic cells (like bacteria) do not have a nucleus.
62. The jelly-like substance inside the cell is called:
A) Nucleoplasm
B) Cytoplasm
C) Mitochondria
D) Vacuole
Answer: B
Explanation: The cytoplasm surrounds organelles and provides a medium for reactions.
63. The fluid mosaic model explains the structure of:
A) Nucleus
B) Cell wall
C) Cell membrane
D) Mitochondria
Answer: C
Explanation: The model describes the flexible, lipid-bilayer structure with proteins.
64. Which organelle contains digestive enzymes?
A) Ribosome
B) Lysosome
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: B
Explanation: Lysosomes break down waste and cellular debris.
65. The process by which plants prepare food is called:
A) Respiration
B) Photosynthesis
C) Transpiration
D) Germination
Answer: B
Explanation: Plants use sunlight, CO₂, and water to produce glucose and oxygen.
66. Photosynthesis occurs in which cell organelle?
A) Mitochondria
B) Chloroplast
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Ribosome
Answer: B
Explanation: Chloroplasts have chlorophyll that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis.
67. Which gas is released during photosynthesis?
A) Oxygen
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Nitrogen
D) Hydrogen
Answer: A
Explanation: Oxygen is a byproduct of photosynthesis in plants.
68. Which process releases energy in cells?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Respiration
C) Transpiration
D) Osmosis
Answer: B
Explanation: Respiration breaks down glucose to produce ATP energy.
69. The energy currency of the cell is:
A) DNA
B) ATP
C) RNA
D) Protein
Answer: B
Explanation: ATP (adenosine triphosphate) stores and provides energy for cell work.
70. Which process involves the movement of water across a membrane?
A) Diffusion
B) Osmosis
C) Active transport
D) Respiration
Answer: B
Explanation: Osmosis is the passive movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane.
71. The process by which substances move from high to low concentration is:
A) Osmosis
B) Diffusion
C) Active transport
D) Respiration
Answer: B
Explanation: Diffusion is the passive spread of particles from high to low concentration.
72. The site of aerobic respiration in cells is:
A) Cytoplasm
B) Nucleus
C) Mitochondria
D) Ribosome
Answer: C
Explanation: Aerobic respiration occurs in mitochondria, producing ATP.
73. Which pigment gives plants their green color?
A) Xanthophyll
B) Carotene
C) Chlorophyll
D) Anthocyanin
Answer: C
Explanation: Chlorophyll absorbs red and blue light, reflecting green light.
74. The process of removing waste products from the body is called:
A) Excretion
B) Secretion
C) Respiration
D) Filtration
Answer: A
Explanation: Excretion eliminates metabolic wastes like urea and CO₂.
75. The process of losing water vapor from plant leaves is called:
A) Photosynthesis
B) Transpiration
C) Respiration
D) Absorption
Answer: B
Explanation: Transpiration helps plants cool and maintain water balance.
76. The largest organ in the human body is:
A) Heart
B) Liver
C) Skin
D) Lungs
Answer: C
Explanation: The skin covers the entire body and protects internal organs.
77. The structural and functional unit of the kidney is:
A) Nephron
B) Alveolus
C) Neuron
D) Glomerulus
Answer: A
Explanation: Nephrons filter blood and form urine.
78. Which organ in the human body purifies blood?
A) Kidney
B) Liver
C) Heart
D) Lungs
Answer: A
Explanation: Kidneys remove wastes from blood and regulate water balance.
79. The human heart has how many chambers?
A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five
Answer: C
Explanation: The heart has two atria and two ventricles for efficient blood circulation.
80. Which blood cells fight infections?
A) RBCs
B) WBCs
C) Platelets
D) Plasma
Answer: B
Explanation: White blood cells are part of the immune system.
81. Red blood cells contain:
A) Hemoglobin
B) Chlorophyll
C) Plasma
D) Myoglobin
Answer: A
Explanation: Hemoglobin carries oxygen from lungs to body tissues.
82. The smallest bone in the human body is:
A) Stapes
B) Femur
C) Radius
D) Ulna
Answer: A
Explanation: The stapes bone in the middle ear helps in hearing.
83. Which organ is known as the “master gland”?
A) Thyroid
B) Pituitary gland
C) Adrenal gland
D) Pancreas
Answer: B
Explanation: It controls the functions of other endocrine glands.
84. The organ responsible for producing insulin is:
A) Liver
B) Pancreas
C) Kidney
D) Spleen
Answer: B
Explanation: Insulin regulates blood sugar levels.
85. Which part of the brain controls balance and posture?
A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Thalamus
Answer: B
Explanation: The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements and balance.
86. The functional unit of the nervous system is:
A) Axon
B) Neuron
C) Dendrite
D) Synapse
Answer: B
Explanation: Neurons transmit electrical impulses throughout the body.
87. Which system transports oxygen and nutrients in the body?
A) Nervous system
B) Circulatory system
C) Digestive system
D) Skeletal system
Answer: B
Explanation: The circulatory system uses blood to carry oxygen and nutrients.
88. The largest artery in the human body is:
A) Pulmonary artery
B) Aorta
C) Carotid artery
D) Femoral artery
Answer: B
Explanation: The aorta carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body.
89. Which vitamin is produced in the skin with sunlight exposure?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B12
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D
Answer: D
Explanation: UV rays help synthesize vitamin D in the skin.
90. Which disease is caused by the deficiency of vitamin C?
A) Rickets
B) Night blindness
C) Scurvy
D) Beriberi
Answer: C
Explanation: Scurvy causes bleeding gums and weakness due to lack of vitamin C.
91. The process of breaking down food into simpler substances is:
A) Absorption
B) Digestion
C) Assimilation
D) Ingestion
Answer: B
Explanation: Digestion converts complex food molecules into simple ones for absorption.
92. Which enzyme is present in saliva?
A) Amylase
B) Pepsin
C) Lipase
D) Trypsin
Answer: A
Explanation: Salivary amylase breaks down starch into sugars.
93. The organ that stores bile is:
A) Liver
B) Gallbladder
C) Pancreas
D) Stomach
Answer: B
Explanation: Bile is stored in the gallbladder and released for fat digestion.
94. Which blood group is the universal donor?
A) A
B) B
C) AB
D) O negative
Answer: D
Explanation: O negative blood can be given to patients of any blood group.
95. Which blood group is the universal recipient?
A) A
B) B
C) AB positive
D) O positive
Answer: C
Explanation: AB positive can receive blood from all other groups.
96. Which organ filters and cleans the lymph fluid?
A) Spleen
B) Kidney
C) Liver
D) Pancreas
Answer: A
Explanation: The spleen helps fight infection and filters blood and lymph.
97. The largest part of the human brain is:
A) Cerebellum
B) Cerebrum
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Hypothalamus
Answer: B
Explanation: The cerebrum controls thinking, memory, senses, and voluntary actions.
98. Which muscle is responsible for breathing?
A) Triceps
B) Biceps
C) Diaphragm
D) Quadriceps
Answer: C
Explanation: The diaphragm contracts and relaxes to help inhale and exhale air.
99. Which is the basic structural unit of the human body?
A) Organ
B) Tissue
C) Cell
D) System
Answer: C
Explanation: Cells are the smallest building blocks of the body.
100. Which branch of biology deals with the study of human beings?
A) Botany
B) Zoology
C) Anthropology
D) Microbiology
Answer: C
Explanation: Anthropology studies humans, their evolution, and societies.