1. Fundamental Rights are enshrined in which Part of the Indian Constitution?
A) Part I
B) Part II
C) Part III
D) Part IV
Answer: C) Part III
Explanation: Fundamental Rights are enshrined in Part III (Articles 12–35) of the Constitution.
2. Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution are borrowed from which country?
A) USA
B) UK
C) Canada
D) France
Answer: A) USA
Explanation: The idea of Fundamental Rights is taken from the American Bill of Rights.
3. How many Fundamental Rights were provided originally in the Constitution?
A) 5
B) 6
C) 7
D) 8
Answer: C) 7
Explanation: Originally there were 7 Fundamental Rights, but the Right to Property was later removed.
4. At present, how many Fundamental Rights exist in India?
A) 5
B) 6
C) 7
D) 8
Answer: B) 6
Explanation: Now India has 6 Fundamental Rights (after 44th Amendment, 1978).
5. Which Fundamental Right was removed from the Constitution by the 44th Amendment Act, 1978?
A) Right to Freedom
B) Right to Equality
C) Right to Property
D) Right to Religion
Answer: C) Right to Property
Explanation: The Right to Property (Article 31) was deleted as a Fundamental Right and made a legal right under Article 300A.
6. Article 14 provides for—
A) Equality before law
B) Freedom of speech
C) Freedom of religion
D) Protection in respect of conviction for offences
Answer: A) Equality before law
Explanation: Article 14 ensures equality before the law and equal protection of the laws.
7. Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth is guaranteed under—
A) Article 14
B) Article 15
C) Article 16
D) Article 19
Answer: B) Article 15
Explanation: Article 15 prohibits discrimination.
8. Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment is provided under—
A) Article 14
B) Article 15
C) Article 16
D) Article 17
Answer: C) Article 16
Explanation: Article 16 guarantees equality of opportunity in government jobs.
9. Abolition of untouchability is mentioned in—
A) Article 15
B) Article 16
C) Article 17
D) Article 18
Answer: C) Article 17
Explanation: Article 17 abolishes untouchability and makes its practice punishable by law.
10. Abolition of titles is provided under—
A) Article 17
B) Article 18
C) Article 19
D) Article 21
Answer: B) Article 18
Explanation: Article 18 abolishes titles like ‘Raja’, ‘Maharaja’ and prohibits State from conferring titles.
11. Which Article guarantees six freedoms to citizens?
A) Article 14
B) Article 16
C) Article 19
D) Article 21
Answer: C) Article 19
Explanation: Article 19 guarantees six freedoms including freedom of speech, assembly, association, movement, residence, and profession.
12. Which one is NOT a freedom under Article 19?
A) Freedom of speech and expression
B) Freedom to form associations
C) Freedom to move anywhere in India
D) Freedom to property
Answer: D) Freedom to property
Explanation: Right to property was removed as a Fundamental Right.
13. Article 20 deals with—
A) Equality before law
B) Protection in respect of conviction for offences
C) Freedom of religion
D) Protection of life and liberty
Answer: B) Protection in respect of conviction for offences
Explanation: Article 20 protects against ex post facto laws, double jeopardy, and self-incrimination.
14. Article 21 guarantees—
A) Right to equality
B) Right to freedom of religion
C) Protection of life and personal liberty
D) Right against exploitation
Answer: C) Protection of life and personal liberty
Explanation: Article 21 is called the heart of Fundamental Rights.
15. “Right to Education” was made a Fundamental Right under which Article?
A) Article 19
B) Article 20
C) Article 21-A
D) Article 30
Answer: C) Article 21-A
Explanation: The 86th Amendment (2002) inserted Article 21A, making education a Fundamental Right for children 6–14 years.
16. Article 22 deals with—
A) Right against exploitation
B) Protection in respect of conviction
C) Rights of arrested persons
D) Freedom of religion
Answer: C) Rights of arrested persons
Explanation: Article 22 provides safeguards in case of preventive detention and arrest.
17. Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour is mentioned in—
A) Article 21
B) Article 23
C) Article 24
D) Article 25
Answer: B) Article 23
Explanation: Article 23 prohibits human trafficking and forced labour.
18. Prohibition of employment of children in factories is under—
A) Article 21
B) Article 22
C) Article 23
D) Article 24
Answer: D) Article 24
Explanation: Article 24 prohibits employment of children below 14 years in hazardous industries.
19. Freedom of conscience and right to freely profess, practice and propagate religion is under—
A) Article 19
B) Article 21
C) Article 25
D) Article 30
Answer: C) Article 25
Explanation: Article 25 gives religious freedom.
20. Freedom to manage religious affairs is guaranteed under—
A) Article 25
B) Article 26
C) Article 27
D) Article 28
Answer: B) Article 26
Explanation: Article 26 guarantees rights to manage religious affairs.
21. Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any religion is given under—
A) Article 26
B) Article 27
C) Article 28
D) Article 29
Answer: B) Article 27
Explanation: Article 27 prohibits compulsion to pay taxes for religious promotion.
22. Freedom from attending religious instruction in educational institutions is given under—
A) Article 26
B) Article 27
C) Article 28
D) Article 29
Answer: C) Article 28
Explanation: Article 28 provides freedom in religious instruction in schools.
23. Cultural and educational rights of minorities are protected under—
A) Article 28 and 29
B) Article 29 and 30
C) Article 25 and 26
D) Article 32 and 226
Answer: B) Article 29 and 30
Explanation: Articles 29 and 30 protect minority interests.
24. Which Article gives minorities the right to establish and administer educational institutions?
A) Article 28
B) Article 29
C) Article 30
D) Article 31
Answer: C) Article 30
Explanation: Article 30 gives minorities this right.
25. Which Article is called the “heart and soul of the Constitution” by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar?
A) Article 14
B) Article 19
C) Article 21
D) Article 32
Answer: D) Article 32
Explanation: Dr. Ambedkar called Article 32, which provides the right to constitutional remedies, the “heart and soul”.
26. Which Article empowers the Supreme Court to issue writs for enforcement of Fundamental Rights?
A) Article 32
B) Article 226
C) Article 136
D) Article 124
Answer: A) Article 32
Explanation: Article 32 empowers the Supreme Court to issue writs like Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, and Quo Warranto.
27. Which High Court has the power to issue writs for Fundamental Rights?
A) Only Delhi High Court
B) All High Courts
C) Only Supreme Court
D) None
Answer: B) All High Courts
Explanation: Article 226 empowers all High Courts to issue writs, not just for Fundamental Rights but also for other legal rights.
28. Right to Constitutional Remedies is guaranteed under—
A) Article 19
B) Article 20
C) Article 21
D) Article 32
Answer: D) Article 32
Explanation: Article 32 provides the right to move the Supreme Court for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
29. Who has called Article 32 as the “heart and soul of the Constitution”?
A) Jawaharlal Nehru
B) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
C) Mahatma Gandhi
D) Sardar Patel
Answer: B) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
Explanation: Dr. Ambedkar emphasized the importance of Article 32 for safeguarding rights.
30. Which Fundamental Right is available only to citizens and not to foreigners?
A) Right to equality (Article 14)
B) Freedom of speech (Article 19)
C) Protection of life (Article 21)
D) Right to religion (Article 25)
Answer: B) Freedom of speech (Article 19)
Explanation: Article 19 rights are available only to citizens.
31. Which of the following is a writ to release a person from illegal detention?
A) Mandamus
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Quo Warranto
D) Certiorari
Answer: B) Habeas Corpus
Explanation: Habeas Corpus means “to have the body” and ensures protection against unlawful detention.
32. Which writ commands a public authority to perform its duty?
A) Mandamus
B) Certiorari
C) Quo Warranto
D) Habeas Corpus
Answer: A) Mandamus
Explanation: Mandamus means “we command” – it orders an authority to perform its duty.
33. Which writ is issued to quash an order of a lower court?
A) Certiorari
B) Mandamus
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Quo Warranto
Answer: A) Certiorari
Explanation: Certiorari is issued by higher courts to quash orders of lower courts.
34. Which writ prevents a lower court from exceeding its jurisdiction?
A) Mandamus
B) Certiorari
C) Prohibition
D) Quo Warranto
Answer: C) Prohibition
Explanation: Prohibition prevents a lower court from continuing proceedings without jurisdiction.
35. Which writ is issued to check the legality of holding a public office?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Prohibition
C) Quo Warranto
D) Mandamus
Answer: C) Quo Warranto
Explanation: Quo Warranto means “by what authority” and checks misuse of public office.
36. The Fundamental Rights are justiciable, meaning—
A) They cannot be enforced
B) They can be enforced by courts
C) They are political promises only
D) They are guidelines to government
Answer: B) They can be enforced by courts
Explanation: Fundamental Rights are justiciable; they can be enforced in a court of law.
37. Which case is known as the “Fundamental Rights case”?
A) Golaknath v. State of Punjab
B) Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India
C) Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala
D) Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain
Answer: C) Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala
Explanation: In Kesavananda Bharati (1973), SC upheld the basic structure doctrine.
38. In which case was the Right to Education declared a Fundamental Right?
A) Kesavananda Bharati case
B) Unnikrishnan v. State of Andhra Pradesh
C) Golaknath case
D) Maneka Gandhi case
Answer: B) Unnikrishnan v. State of Andhra Pradesh
Explanation: In 1993, SC declared Right to Education as part of Article 21.
39. In which case did the Supreme Court hold that Right to Life includes Right to Livelihood?
A) Golaknath case
B) Olga Tellis case
C) Maneka Gandhi case
D) Indira Gandhi case
Answer: B) Olga Tellis case
Explanation: In Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation (1985), SC expanded Article 21.
40. In which case was the Right to Privacy declared a Fundamental Right?
A) Indira Gandhi case
B) Golaknath case
C) Puttaswamy case
D) Maneka Gandhi case
Answer: C) Puttaswamy case
Explanation: In Justice K.S. Puttaswamy vs Union of India (2017), SC declared Right to Privacy as part of Article 21.
41. Which Fundamental Right ensures abolition of human trafficking?
A) Article 19
B) Article 21
C) Article 23
D) Article 24
Answer: C) Article 23
Explanation: Article 23 prohibits human trafficking and forced labour.
42. Right against exploitation includes—
A) Article 23 and 24
B) Article 20 and 21
C) Article 25 and 26
D) Article 29 and 30
Answer: A) Article 23 and 24
Explanation: These two Articles provide protection against exploitation.
43. Which Amendment introduced Article 21-A (Right to Education)?
A) 42nd Amendment
B) 44th Amendment
C) 86th Amendment
D) 91st Amendment
Answer: C) 86th Amendment
Explanation: The 86th Constitutional Amendment, 2002 introduced Article 21-A.
44. Which of the following is NOT a Fundamental Right?
A) Right to Equality
B) Right to Property
C) Right to Freedom
D) Right to Education
Answer: B) Right to Property
Explanation: Right to Property was removed in 1978 and is now only a legal right.
45. Directive Principles of State Policy are—
A) Enforceable in courts
B) Non-justiciable
C) Fundamental Rights
D) None of these
Answer: B) Non-justiciable
Explanation: Unlike Fundamental Rights, DPSPs (Part IV) are not enforceable in court.
46. Fundamental Rights are suspended during—
A) Financial Emergency
B) President’s Rule
C) National Emergency
D) None
Answer: C) National Emergency
Explanation: During a National Emergency (Article 352), FRs (except Articles 20 & 21) can be suspended.
47. Which Fundamental Right cannot be suspended even during Emergency?
A) Article 19
B) Article 21
C) Article 22
D) Article 32
Answer: B) Article 21
Explanation: Article 20 & 21 cannot be suspended even during Emergency (44th Amendment).
48. Who has the power to enforce Fundamental Rights?
A) Parliament
B) President
C) Supreme Court & High Courts
D) Prime Minister
Answer: C) Supreme Court & High Courts
Explanation: Both SC (Article 32) and HCs (Article 226) can enforce FRs.
49. Right to Information (RTI) is—
A) A Fundamental Right
B) A Legal Right
C) Both
D) None
Answer: B) A Legal Right
Explanation: RTI is a legal right under the RTI Act, 2005, though it is linked to Article 19(1)(a).
50. Which of the following Articles deal with Cultural and Educational Rights?
A) Articles 29 and 30
B) Articles 19 and 20
C) Articles 25 and 26
D) Articles 32 and 33
Answer: A) Articles 29 and 30
Explanation: Articles 29 & 30 protect the cultural and educational rights of minorities.
51. Right to property is now a
A) Fundamental Right
B) Directive Principle
C) Legal Right
D) Constitutional Right under Article 21
Answer: C) Legal Right
Explanation: The 44th Amendment Act, 1978 removed Right to Property from Fundamental Rights and made it a legal right under Article 300A.
52. Which Article of the Constitution provides for the Right to Constitutional Remedies?
A) Article 19
B) Article 21
C) Article 32
D) Article 39
Answer: C) Article 32
Explanation: Article 32 empowers citizens to move the Supreme Court for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
53. Who called Article 32 the “Heart and Soul of the Constitution”?
A) Jawaharlal Nehru
B) Mahatma Gandhi
C) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
D) Rajendra Prasad
Answer: C) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
Explanation: Dr. Ambedkar described Article 32 as the “heart and soul” of the Constitution.
54. Which of the following is NOT a writ issued under Article 32?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Mandamus
C) Quo Warranto
D) Curative Petition
Answer: D) Curative Petition
Explanation: Curative Petition is a judicial innovation, not a constitutional writ.
55. Habeas Corpus is issued to—
A) Prevent unlawful detention
B) Enforce performance of public duty
C) Prevent abuse of power
D) Test the legality of office
Answer: A) Prevent unlawful detention
Explanation: Habeas Corpus is issued by courts to release a person from illegal detention.
56. Which writ means “to be informed of what is going on”?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Mandamus
C) Certiorari
D) Prohibition
Answer: C) Certiorari
Explanation: Certiorari is issued to transfer a case from a lower court to a higher court.
57. Mandamus is issued to—
A) Public officials to perform their duty
B) Release illegally detained persons
C) Prevent unlawful office holding
D) Stay administrative orders
Answer: A) Public officials to perform their duty
Explanation: Mandamus literally means “we command” and directs officials to do their duty.
58. Which writ prohibits a lower court from exceeding its jurisdiction?
A) Prohibition
B) Mandamus
C) Certiorari
D) Quo Warranto
Answer: A) Prohibition
Explanation: Prohibition stops lower courts from acting beyond their powers.
59. Quo Warranto is used to—
A) Remove government from power
B) Question authority of a person holding office
C) Stop proceedings in a case
D) Command a public officer
Answer: B) Question authority of a person holding office
Explanation: Quo Warranto means “by what authority” and questions the legality of an office.
60. During an emergency under Article 352, which Fundamental Rights can be suspended?
A) Article 14 and 19
B) Article 19 only
C) All except Articles 20 and 21
D) All Fundamental Rights
Answer: C) All except Articles 20 and 21
Explanation: Fundamental Rights can be suspended except Article 20 (Protection in criminal cases) and Article 21 (Right to life).
61. Which Article provides special provisions for the protection of the rights of minorities?
A) Article 19
B) Article 21
C) Article 29 & 30
D) Article 32
Answer: C) Article 29 & 30
Explanation: Articles 29 and 30 provide cultural and educational rights for minorities.
62. Right to Education is a Fundamental Right under—
A) Article 21
B) Article 21A
C) Article 19
D) Article 30
Answer: B) Article 21A
Explanation: Inserted by the 86th Amendment Act, 2002, Right to Education is under Article 21A.
63. Which age group of children is guaranteed Right to Education under Article 21A?
A) 3–10 years
B) 6–14 years
C) 6–18 years
D) 5–15 years
Answer: B) 6–14 years
Explanation: Free and compulsory education is guaranteed for children aged 6–14 years.
64. Which Fundamental Right is guaranteed under Article 23?
A) Right against untouchability
B) Right against exploitation
C) Freedom of speech
D) Right to equality
Answer: B) Right against exploitation
Explanation: Article 23 prohibits traffic in human beings, begar and forced labour.
65. Untouchability is abolished under which Article?
A) Article 14
B) Article 15
C) Article 17
D) Article 23
Answer: C) Article 17
Explanation: Article 17 abolishes untouchability and makes it a punishable offence.
66. Which law was enacted to enforce Article 17?
A) Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955
B) SC/ST Prevention of Atrocities Act, 1989
C) Both A and B
D) None of these
Answer: C) Both A and B
Explanation: Both Acts enforce Article 17 by punishing untouchability and atrocities.
67. Which Fundamental Right forms the “basic structure” of the Constitution?
A) Right to Property
B) Right to Freedom
C) Right to Constitutional Remedies
D) Cultural Rights
Answer: C) Right to Constitutional Remedies
Explanation: The Supreme Court held that Article 32 is part of the basic structure.
68. Right to Information (RTI) is a—
A) Fundamental Right under Article 19(1)(a)
B) Legal Right under RTI Act – 2005
C) Both A and B
D) Not a Right in India
Answer: C) Both A and B
Explanation: RTI is derived from Article 19(1)(a) and enforced by RTI Act, 2005.
69. Which amendment inserted Article 21A (Right to Education)?
A) 42nd Amendment
B) 44th Amendment
C) 86th Amendment
D) 91st Amendment
Answer: C) 86th Amendment
Explanation: 86th Constitutional Amendment, 2002 added Article 21A.
70. Which Fundamental Right cannot be suspended even during emergency?
A) Right to Equality
B) Right to Property
C) Right to Life and Personal Liberty
D) Right to Constitutional Remedies
Answer: C) Right to Life and Personal Liberty
Explanation: Article 20 & 21 cannot be suspended even during emergency.
71. The Supreme Court declared Right to Privacy as a Fundamental Right under—
A) Article 14
B) Article 19
C) Article 21
D) Article 32
Answer: C) Article 21
Explanation: In Puttaswamy Case (2017), Right to Privacy was held part of Article 21.
72. Which Fundamental Right prohibits employment of children below 14 years in factories?
A) Article 19
B) Article 21A
C) Article 24
D) Article 29
Answer: C) Article 24
Explanation: Article 24 prohibits child labour in hazardous jobs.
73. Which Article deals with Right to Freedom of Religion?
A) Articles 25–28
B) Articles 29–30
C) Articles 14–18
D) Articles 32–35
Answer: A) Articles 25–28
Explanation: These Articles guarantee freedom of conscience and religion.
74. Which Article allows minorities to establish and administer educational institutions?
A) Article 29
B) Article 30
C) Article 31
D) Article 32
Answer: B) Article 30
Explanation: Article 30 grants minorities right to establish educational institutions.
75. Which Article ensures equality before law and equal protection of laws?
A) Article 12
B) Article 13
C) Article 14
D) Article 16
Answer: C) Article 14
Explanation: Article 14 guarantees equality before law and equal protection of laws.
76. Which Article abolishes untouchability?
A) Article 15
B) Article 16
C) Article 17
D) Article 18
Answer: C) Article 17
Explanation: Article 17 abolishes untouchability and forbids its practice in any form.
77. Protection of interests of minorities is guaranteed under—
A) Article 25
B) Article 29
C) Article 31
D) Article 33
Answer: B) Article 29
Explanation: Article 29 provides protection to cultural and educational rights of minorities.
78. Right to free and compulsory education for children (6–14 years) is ensured by—
A) Article 19
B) Article 21-A
C) Article 30
D) Article 32
Answer: B) Article 21-A
Explanation: Inserted by the 86th Constitutional Amendment, 2002, Article 21-A guarantees free education.
79. Which Article provides the right to constitutional remedies?
A) Article 32
B) Article 226
C) Article 19
D) Article 21
Answer: A) Article 32
Explanation: Article 32 provides the right to move the Supreme Court for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
80. Which writ is known as the “Great Writ of Liberty”?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Mandamus
C) Quo Warranto
D) Certiorari
Answer: A) Habeas Corpus
Explanation: Habeas Corpus secures release from unlawful detention and is considered the greatest safeguard of liberty.
81. Prohibition of traffic in human beings is under—
A) Article 21
B) Article 22
C) Article 23
D) Article 24
Answer: C) Article 23
Explanation: Article 23 prohibits traffic in human beings, begar, and forced labour.
82. The right to vote is—
A) Fundamental Right
B) Legal Right
C) Natural Right
D) Constitutional Right
Answer: B) Legal Right
Explanation: Right to vote is a legal right under the Representation of People Act, 1951, not a Fundamental Right.
83. Which Fundamental Right is guaranteed under Article 19(1)(a)?
A) Right to move freely
B) Right to speech and expression
C) Right to reside anywhere
D) Right to assemble
Answer: B) Right to speech and expression
Explanation: Article 19(1)(a) ensures freedom of speech and expression.
84. The Right to Information (RTI) is a part of—
A) Article 14
B) Article 19(1)(a)
C) Article 21
D) Article 25
Answer: B) Article 19(1)(a)
Explanation: RTI is implicit in freedom of speech and expression under Article 19(1)(a).
85. Protection of life and personal liberty is guaranteed under—
A) Article 19
B) Article 20
C) Article 21
D) Article 22
Answer: C) Article 21
Explanation: Article 21 guarantees Right to life and personal liberty, except according to procedure established by law.
86. The right against exploitation prohibits employment of children below the age of—
A) 12 years
B) 14 years
C) 16 years
D) 18 years
Answer: B) 14 years
Explanation: Article 24 prohibits employment of children below 14 years in factories, mines, and hazardous jobs.
87. Right to property was removed from Fundamental Rights by—
A) 42nd Amendment
B) 44th Amendment
C) 52nd Amendment
D) 61st Amendment
Answer: B) 44th Amendment
Explanation: The 44th Amendment, 1978 made Right to property a legal right (Article 300-A).
88. Which Fundamental Right is available only to citizens, not foreigners?
A) Right to life (Article 21)
B) Right to equality (Article 14)
C) Freedom of speech (Article 19)
D) Freedom of religion (Article 25)
Answer: C) Freedom of speech (Article 19)
Explanation: Article 19 rights are exclusively for citizens of India.
89. Which Article guarantees freedom to manage religious affairs?
A) Article 24
B) Article 25
C) Article 26
D) Article 28
Answer: C) Article 26
Explanation: Article 26 guarantees the freedom to manage religious institutions and property.
90. Who described Article 32 as the “heart and soul” of the Constitution?
A) Jawaharlal Nehru
B) B. R. Ambedkar
C) Rajendra Prasad
D) Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer
Answer: B) B. R. Ambedkar
Explanation: Dr. Ambedkar called Article 32 the heart and soul as it guarantees enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
91. Which writ is issued to stop a public authority from acting beyond its powers?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Prohibition
C) Mandamus
D) Certiorari
Answer: B) Prohibition
Explanation: Prohibition prevents a lower authority from acting outside its jurisdiction.
92. Which Fundamental Right deals with freedom of conscience?
A) Article 21
B) Article 25
C) Article 29
D) Article 32
Answer: B) Article 25
Explanation: Article 25 guarantees freedom of conscience and free profession, practice, and propagation of religion.
93. Who has the power to enforce Fundamental Rights against private individuals?
A) Parliament
B) High Courts
C) President
D) Both SC and HCs
Answer: D) Both SC and HCs
Explanation: Under Article 32 and 226, SC and HCs can enforce Fundamental Rights against the State and, in some cases, private entities.
94. Which Fundamental Right is directly related to the dignity of the individual?
A) Article 14
B) Article 17
C) Article 19
D) Article 21
Answer: D) Article 21
Explanation: Article 21 has been interpreted broadly to include dignity, livelihood, privacy, etc.
95. Which Fundamental Right includes the right to form unions and associations?
A) Article 17
B) Article 18
C) Article 19(1)(c)
D) Article 23
Answer: C) Article 19(1)(c)
Explanation: Article 19(1)(c) provides the right to form associations or unions.
96. The freedom of trade, commerce, and intercourse is guaranteed under—
A) Article 301
B) Article 19
C) Article 20
D) Article 21
Answer: A) Article 301
Explanation: Article 301 ensures freedom of trade and commerce throughout India (though outside Part III, it’s connected with freedoms).
97. Which writ commands a public authority to perform a mandatory duty?
A) Prohibition
B) Mandamus
C) Certiorari
D) Quo Warranto
Answer: B) Mandamus
Explanation: Mandamus means “we command” and compels authority to discharge duties.
98. Which Article guarantees that no one shall be compelled to pay taxes for promotion of any religion?
A) Article 25
B) Article 26
C) Article 27
D) Article 28
Answer: C) Article 27
Explanation: Article 27 prohibits using tax proceeds to promote any religion.
99. Which Fundamental Right protects against self-incrimination?
A) Article 19
B) Article 20(3)
C) Article 21
D) Article 22
Answer: B) Article 20(3)
Explanation: Article 20(3) protects an accused person from being compelled to testify against himself.
100. Who has the final power to interpret the scope of Fundamental Rights?
A) Parliament
B) President
C) Supreme Court
D) Attorney General
Answer: C) Supreme Court
Explanation: The Supreme Court is the final authority on the interpretation of Fundamental Rights under the Constitution.