1. Fundamental Duties were incorporated in the Indian Constitution by which Amendment Act?
A) 24th Amendment
B) 42nd Amendment
C) 44th Amendment
D) 52nd Amendment
Answer: B) 42nd Amendment
Explanation: The Fundamental Duties were added to the Constitution through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee.
2. Fundamental Duties are mentioned in which part of the Indian Constitution?
A) Part III
B) Part IV
C) Part IVA
D) Part V
Answer: C) Part IVA
Explanation: Part IVA of the Constitution deals with Fundamental Duties, inserted by the 42nd Amendment.
3. Fundamental Duties are mentioned in which Article of the Constitution?
A) Article 32
B) Article 51A
C) Article 21
D) Article 49
Answer: B) Article 51A
Explanation: Article 51A lists the Fundamental Duties of citizens.
4. Originally, how many Fundamental Duties were included in the Constitution?
A) 10
B) 11
C) 12
D) 9
Answer: A) 10
Explanation: Initially, 10 Fundamental Duties were added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976.
5. At present, how many Fundamental Duties are there in the Constitution?
A) 10
B) 11
C) 12
D) 13
Answer: B) 11
Explanation: The 86th Amendment Act, 2002, added one more duty (to provide education to children aged 6–14), making the total 11.
6. Which committee recommended the inclusion of Fundamental Duties?
A) Raghavan Committee
B) Swaran Singh Committee
C) Balwantrai Mehta Committee
D) Rajamannar Committee
Answer: B) Swaran Singh Committee
Explanation: The Swaran Singh Committee (1976) recommended the inclusion of Fundamental Duties in the Constitution.
7. Fundamental Duties are applicable to which group of people?
A) Citizens only
B) Both Citizens and Foreigners
C) Government officials only
D) Non-resident Indians only
Answer: A) Citizens only
Explanation: Fundamental Duties are binding only on Indian citizens, not on foreigners.
8. Which of the following is a Fundamental Duty?
A) Right to Property
B) To uphold the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India
C) To form associations and unions
D) To vote in elections
Answer: B) To uphold the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India
Explanation: It is explicitly mentioned under Article 51A.
9. Which Fundamental Duty was added by the 86th Amendment Act, 2002?
A) To protect the environment
B) To value the rich heritage of the country
C) To provide opportunities for education to children between 6–14 years
D) To safeguard public property
Answer: C) To provide opportunities for education to children between 6–14 years
Explanation: This duty was inserted in 2002 to complement Article 21A (Right to Education).
10. Which of the following is NOT a Fundamental Duty?
A) To cherish noble ideals of freedom struggle
B) To protect public property
C) To pay taxes honestly
D) To promote harmony and brotherhood
Answer: C) To pay taxes honestly
Explanation: Payment of taxes is a legal obligation, not a Fundamental Duty.
11. Fundamental Duties are:
A) Justiciable
B) Non-justiciable
C) Enforceable in court
D) A Fundamental Right
Answer: B) Non-justiciable
Explanation: Fundamental Duties are non-justiciable, i.e., they cannot be enforced by courts, but they act as moral obligations.
12. Who described Fundamental Duties as a “Code of Ten Commandments”?
A) Indira Gandhi
B) Swaran Singh
C) Gandhi Ji
D) K. T. Shah
Answer: A) Indira Gandhi
Explanation: Indira Gandhi described Fundamental Duties as the “Code of Ten Commandments” for citizens.
13. The Fundamental Duties are similar to which country’s Constitution?
A) USA
B) USSR (Russia)
C) UK
D) France
Answer: B) USSR (Russia)
Explanation: The idea of Fundamental Duties was borrowed from the USSR Constitution.
14. Which Fundamental Duty relates to environment protection?
A) 51A(e)
B) 51A(g)
C) 51A(i)
D) 51A(j)
Answer: B) 51A(g)
Explanation: Article 51A(g) obliges citizens to protect and improve the natural environment.
15. Which Fundamental Duty emphasizes protecting monuments and cultural heritage?
A) 51A(a)
B) 51A(c)
C) 51A(f)
D) 51A(i)
Answer: C) 51A(f)
Explanation: Article 51A(f) states that every citizen must value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
16. The duty to safeguard public property and abjure violence is mentioned in which Article?
A) 51A(e)
B) 51A(i)
C) 51A(c)
D) 51A(g)
Answer: B) 51A(i)
Explanation: Article 51A(i) mentions this duty.
17. Fundamental Duties were inspired by which Directive Principle?
A) Article 39(b)
B) Article 48A
C) Article 40
D) Article 45
Answer: B) Article 48A
Explanation: The duty to protect the environment is linked to Article 48A (Directive Principles).
18. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Fundamental Duties?
A) They can be enforced by courts.
B) They are moral obligations.
C) They are part of Fundamental Rights.
D) They were in the original Constitution.
Answer: B) They are moral obligations.
Explanation: Fundamental Duties are moral obligations of citizens towards the nation.
19. In which year were Fundamental Duties incorporated into the Constitution?
A) 1950
B) 1976
C) 1986
D) 2002
Answer: B) 1976
Explanation: They were added in 1976 by the 42nd Amendment.
20. Which Article of the Constitution deals with the Right to Education, complementary to Fundamental Duty?
A) Article 14
B) Article 21A
C) Article 19
D) Article 29
Answer: B) Article 21A
Explanation: Article 21A makes education a Fundamental Right, while the Fundamental Duty makes it the responsibility of parents.
21. Which of the following is a duty of parents under Fundamental Duties?
A) To educate children below 6 years
B) To provide education to children of age 6–14 years
C) To provide employment to children
D) To provide food to children
Answer: B) To provide education to children of age 6–14 years
Explanation: Added by the 86th Amendment, 2002.
22. Which Fundamental Duty requires respect to the Constitution, National Flag, and National Anthem?
A) 51A(a)
B) 51A(b)
C) 51A(e)
D) 51A(f)
Answer: A) 51A(a)
Explanation: Respecting the Constitution, National Flag, and National Anthem is the first Fundamental Duty.
23. Which Fundamental Duty encourages citizens to develop scientific temper?
A) 51A(j)
B) 51A(g)
C) 51A(c)
D) 51A(h)
Answer: D) 51A(h)
Explanation: It requires citizens to develop scientific temper, humanism, and spirit of inquiry.
24. The Fundamental Duty of promoting harmony and brotherhood is mainly aimed at protecting:
A) National Security
B) Cultural Diversity
C) Fundamental Rights
D) Judicial System
Answer: B) Cultural Diversity
Explanation: It emphasizes unity in diversity and protection of the dignity of women.
25. Fundamental Duties serve as a constant reminder to citizens about:
A) Their Fundamental Rights
B) Their responsibilities towards the nation
C) Their role in government jobs
D) Their role in paying taxes
Answer: B) Their responsibilities towards the nation
Explanation: Fundamental Duties remind citizens that rights come with responsibilities.
26. Fundamental Duties were recommended by which committee before the 42nd Amendment?
A) Ashok Mehta Committee
B) Swaran Singh Committee
C) Sarkaria Commission
D) Malhotra Committee
Answer: B) Swaran Singh Committee
Explanation: The Swaran Singh Committee (1976) specifically recommended the incorporation of Fundamental Duties in the Constitution.
27. Fundamental Duties are included in which schedule of the Constitution?
A) Third Schedule
B) Fourth Schedule
C) No Schedule
D) Tenth Schedule
Answer: C) No Schedule
Explanation: Fundamental Duties are directly included in Part IVA (Article 51A) and not in any schedule.
28. Fundamental Duties are a reminder to citizens that:
A) They must obey the government
B) Rights and Duties go together
C) Rights are more important than Duties
D) Duties are optional
Answer: B) Rights and Duties go together
Explanation: Fundamental Duties emphasize that citizens must balance their rights with corresponding duties.
29. Which Fundamental Duty relates to preserving the composite culture of India?
A) 51A(a)
B) 51A(f)
C) 51A(i)
D) 51A(j)
Answer: B) 51A(f)
Explanation: Article 51A(f) requires citizens to preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
30. The Fundamental Duties apply to:
A) Citizens and Government
B) Citizens only
C) Parliament only
D) Foreigners and Citizens
Answer: B) Citizens only
Explanation: Only citizens of India are bound by Fundamental Duties, not foreigners.
31. Who can enforce Fundamental Duties?
A) President of India
B) Supreme Court
C) Parliament through laws
D) Election Commission
Answer: C) Parliament through laws
Explanation: Although Fundamental Duties are non-justiciable, Parliament can make laws to enforce them, e.g., Environment Protection Act, 1986.
32. Which Fundamental Duty promotes respect for women’s dignity?
A) 51A(e)
B) 51A(d)
C) 51A(f)
D) 51A(i)
Answer: A) 51A(e)
Explanation: Article 51A(e) directs citizens to promote harmony and renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
33. Which of the following Acts is connected with the Fundamental Duty of protecting the environment?
A) RTI Act, 2005
B) RPA Act, 1951
C) Environment Protection Act, 1986
D) Lokpal Act, 2013
Answer: C) Environment Protection Act, 1986
Explanation: This Act enforces the duty of protecting and improving the environment under Article 51A(g).
34. Which Fundamental Duty encourages citizens to develop scientific temper?
A) 51A(c)
B) 51A(h)
C) 51A(i)
D) 51A(j)
Answer: B) 51A(h)
Explanation: Article 51A(h) obliges citizens to develop scientific temper, humanism, and spirit of inquiry.
35. Which Fundamental Duty is directly linked with the Right to Education?
A) 51A(g)
B) 51A(h)
C) 51A(j)
D) 51A(k)
Answer: D) 51A(k)
Explanation: Article 51A(k) requires parents/guardians to provide education to children aged 6–14 years.
36. Which of the following is a Fundamental Duty?
A) To cast vote in elections
B) To safeguard public property
C) To pay income tax
D) To respect judiciary
Answer: B) To safeguard public property
Explanation: Article 51A(i) makes it a duty to safeguard public property and abjure violence.
37. Which Article obliges citizens to defend the country and render national service?
A) 51A(d)
B) 51A(b)
C) 51A(f)
D) 51A(h)
Answer: B) 51A(b)
Explanation: Article 51A(b) requires citizens to defend the country and render national service when called upon.
38. Which of the following is NOT a Fundamental Duty?
A) To cherish noble ideals of freedom struggle
B) To respect National Anthem
C) To protect forests and wildlife
D) To elect Members of Parliament
Answer: D) To elect Members of Parliament
Explanation: Voting is a statutory duty, not a Fundamental Duty.
39. Fundamental Duties are important because:
A) They are legally binding
B) They provide a moral code of conduct
C) They ensure economic growth
D) They restrict Fundamental Rights
Answer: B) They provide a moral code of conduct
Explanation: Duties act as moral guidelines for responsible citizenship.
40. Fundamental Duties were borrowed from which Constitution?
A) US Constitution
B) USSR Constitution
C) Canadian Constitution
D) French Constitution
Answer: B) USSR Constitution
Explanation: The concept was inspired by the former Soviet Union’s Constitution.
41. Which Fundamental Duty prevents destruction of public property?
A) 51A(a)
B) 51A(b)
C) 51A(i)
D) 51A(j)
Answer: C) 51A(i)
Explanation: Article 51A(i) directs citizens to safeguard public property and abjure violence.
42. Which Fundamental Duty is related to cherishing the freedom struggle?
A) 51A(d)
B) 51A(a)
C) 51A(b)
D) 51A(c)
Answer: D) 51A(c)
Explanation: It requires citizens to cherish and follow the noble ideals of the freedom struggle.
43. Which Fundamental Duty emphasizes respect for the Constitution and national symbols?
A) 51A(a)
B) 51A(f)
C) 51A(h)
D) 51A(j)
Answer: A) 51A(a)
Explanation: Respecting the Constitution, National Flag, and Anthem is the first Fundamental Duty.
44. The duty of defending the country can be enforced during:
A) Lok Sabha elections
B) Emergency situations
C) Economic crisis
D) Judicial review
Answer: B) Emergency situations
Explanation: Citizens may be called upon to render national service during emergencies like war.
45. Which Fundamental Duty emphasizes the spirit of inquiry and reform?
A) 51A(h)
B) 51A(g)
C) 51A(j)
D) 51A(d)
Answer: A) 51A(h)
Explanation: It highlights the duty to develop scientific temper, humanism, and spirit of reform.
46. Which Fundamental Duty relates to striving for excellence in all spheres?
A) 51A(e)
B) 51A(j)
C) 51A(f)
D) 51A(h)
Answer: B) 51A(j)
Explanation: Article 51A(j) directs citizens to strive towards excellence in all spheres for national development.
47. Which Fundamental Duty is aimed at strengthening national unity?
A) 51A(c)
B) 51A(e)
C) 51A(f)
D) 51A(i)
Answer: B) 51A(e)
Explanation: Promoting harmony and common brotherhood strengthens national unity.
48. The Fundamental Duty to protect the environment includes:
A) Forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife
B) Only forests
C) Only rivers
D) Only wildlife
Answer: A) Forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife
Explanation: Article 51A(g) explicitly mentions these elements.
49. Which Fundamental Duty deals with upholding sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India?
A) 51A(a)
B) 51A(b)
C) 51A(c)
D) 51A(d)
Answer: D) 51A(d)
Explanation: Article 51A(d) obliges citizens to uphold sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India.
50. The Fundamental Duties help in achieving which goal of the Constitution?
A) Political liberty
B) Directive Principles of State Policy
C) National integration and unity
D) Judicial supremacy
Answer: C) National integration and unity
Explanation: Duties aim to strengthen unity, patriotism, and integrity of the nation.
51. The Fundamental Duties act as a reminder to citizens that:
A) Nation is above all
B) Rights are unlimited
C) Rights come with responsibilities
D) Duties are optional
Answer: C) Rights come with responsibilities
Explanation: Duties balance Fundamental Rights and make citizens responsible towards the nation.
52. Which Fundamental Duty directly promotes patriotism?
A) 51A(c)
B) 51A(d)
C) 51A(e)
D) 51A(i)
Answer: B) 51A(d)
Explanation: Upholding sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India fosters patriotism.
53. Which Fundamental Duty inspires citizens to work for excellence in all spheres?
A) 51A(g)
B) 51A(j)
C) 51A(f)
D) 51A(i)
Answer: B) 51A(j)
Explanation: Article 51A(j) requires citizens to strive for excellence to raise the nation to higher levels.
54. Which Fundamental Duty is linked with Article 21A (Right to Education)?
A) 51A(k)
B) 51A(f)
C) 51A(g)
D) 51A(d)
Answer: A) 51A(k)
Explanation: Parents/guardians must provide education to children aged 6–14 years.
55. Which Fundamental Duty emphasizes non-violence in public life?
A) 51A(e)
B) 51A(i)
C) 51A(j)
D) 51A(f)
Answer: B) 51A(i)
Explanation: It obliges citizens to safeguard public property and abjure violence.
56. The Fundamental Duties have been criticized because:
A) They are too strict
B) They are non-justiciable
C) They were never implemented
D) They are against Fundamental Rights
Answer: B) They are non-justiciable
Explanation: Citizens cannot be legally compelled to follow them unless Parliament passes laws.
57. Which Fundamental Duty promotes environmental conservation?
A) 51A(a)
B) 51A(d)
C) 51A(g)
D) 51A(h)
Answer: C) 51A(g)
Explanation: Citizens must protect and improve the natural environment.
58. Which Fundamental Duty is related to freedom struggle ideals?
A) 51A(c)
B) 51A(f)
C) 51A(i)
D) 51A(j)
Answer: A) 51A(c)
Explanation: Citizens must cherish and follow noble ideals that inspired the freedom struggle.
59. The concept of Fundamental Duties was inspired from:
A) USA
B) Japan
C) USSR
D) France
Answer: C) USSR
Explanation: The idea was borrowed from the Soviet Union Constitution.
60. Which Fundamental Duty focuses on respecting the Constitution and national symbols?
A) 51A(a)
B) 51A(d)
C) 51A(h)
D) 51A(j)
Answer: A) 51A(a)
Explanation: Citizens must respect the Constitution, National Flag, and National Anthem.
61. Which of the following Acts enforces a Fundamental Duty?
A) Prevention of Damage to Public Property Act, 1984
B) Indian Penal Code, 1860
C) Motor Vehicles Act, 1988
D) Companies Act, 2013
Answer: A) Prevention of Damage to Public Property Act, 1984
Explanation: It enforces the duty of safeguarding public property.
62. Fundamental Duties were added during the tenure of:
A) Jawaharlal Nehru
B) Morarji Desai
C) Indira Gandhi
D) Rajiv Gandhi
Answer: C) Indira Gandhi
Explanation: They were added during the Emergency period under Indira Gandhi’s government.
63. The Fundamental Duty of promoting harmony protects especially the dignity of:
A) Men
B) Elders
C) Women
D) Children
Answer: C) Women
Explanation: Article 51A(e) directs citizens to renounce practices derogatory to women’s dignity.
64. Which Fundamental Duty was added by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002?
A) To respect national symbols
B) To provide education to children aged 6–14 years
C) To protect wildlife
D) To safeguard public property
Answer: B) To provide education to children aged 6–14 years
Explanation: It is the 11th Fundamental Duty under Article 51A(k).
65. Which Fundamental Duty is a call for national service during emergencies?
A) 51A(b)
B) 51A(f)
C) 51A(i)
D) 51A(k)
Answer: A) 51A(b)
Explanation: Citizens must defend the country and render national service when called upon.
66. Which Fundamental Duty relates to protecting historical monuments?
A) 51A(f)
B) 51A(h)
C) 51A(i)
D) 51A(j)
Answer: A) 51A(f)
Explanation: Citizens must preserve monuments of artistic and cultural value.
67. The Fundamental Duties aim to create:
A) Politically active citizens
B) A disciplined and responsible citizenry
C) More laws for governance
D) Economic reforms
Answer: B) A disciplined and responsible citizenry
Explanation: Duties guide people to become responsible and morally committed citizens.
68. Which Fundamental Duty deals with protection of sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India?
A) 51A(b)
B) 51A(d)
C) 51A(f)
D) 51A(h)
Answer: B) 51A(d)
Explanation: Citizens must uphold India’s sovereignty, unity, and integrity.
69. Fundamental Duties were inserted on the recommendation of which report?
A) Swaran Singh Committee Report
B) Sarkaria Commission Report
C) Balwantrai Mehta Committee Report
D) Mandal Commission Report
Answer: A) Swaran Singh Committee Report
Explanation: This report formed the basis of incorporating Fundamental Duties.
70. Which Fundamental Duty emphasizes harmony among different religious and linguistic groups?
A) 51A(e)
B) 51A(f)
C) 51A(g)
D) 51A(h)
Answer: A) 51A(e)
Explanation: Citizens must promote harmony and brotherhood transcending diversities.
71. Fundamental Duties were added in which year?
A) 1950
B) 1976
C) 1989
D) 2002
Answer: B) 1976
Explanation: They were introduced by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976.
72. Which Fundamental Duty requires citizens to value and preserve heritage?
A) 51A(d)
B) 51A(f)
C) 51A(h)
D) 51A(j)
Answer: B) 51A(f)
Explanation: Citizens must preserve the rich heritage of India’s composite culture.
73. Which Fundamental Duty relates to improving natural environment?
A) 51A(g)
B) 51A(h)
C) 51A(i)
D) 51A(j)
Answer: A) 51A(g)
Explanation: Citizens must protect and improve forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife.
74. The Fundamental Duty of striving for excellence benefits mainly:
A) The Judiciary
B) The Government
C) The Nation
D) Political Parties
Answer: C) The Nation
Explanation: Excellence by individuals contributes to the overall progress of the nation.
75. Which Fundamental Duty is linked with cultural preservation?
A) 51A(f)
B) 51A(g)
C) 51A(h)
D) 51A(i)
Answer: A) 51A(f)
Explanation: Citizens must value and preserve the rich heritage of India’s culture.
76. Fundamental Duties are contained in which Article?
A) Article 19
B) Article 32
C) Article 51A
D) Article 48
Answer: C) Article 51A
Explanation: All Fundamental Duties are laid down under Article 51A in Part IVA.
77. Fundamental Duties were added by which Constitutional Amendment?
A) 44th Amendment, 1978
B) 42nd Amendment, 1976
C) 73rd Amendment, 1992
D) 86th Amendment, 2002
Answer: B) 42nd Amendment, 1976
Explanation: The 42nd Amendment introduced the original 10 Fundamental Duties.
78. The 11th Fundamental Duty was added by:
A) 42nd Amendment
B) 44th Amendment
C) 86th Amendment
D) 52nd Amendment
Answer: C) 86th Amendment
Explanation: In 2002, the 86th Amendment added the duty of providing education to children aged 6–14 years.
79. Fundamental Duties are applicable to:
A) Citizens only
B) Both citizens and foreigners
C) Residents of Union Territories only
D) NRIs only
Answer: A) Citizens only
Explanation: Only Indian citizens are obliged to follow Fundamental Duties.
80. The duty to defend the country and render national service is mentioned in:
A) 51A(a)
B) 51A(b)
C) 51A(d)
D) 51A(f)
Answer: B) 51A(b)
Explanation: It requires citizens to defend the country when called upon.
81. Which Fundamental Duty emphasizes promotion of scientific outlook?
A) 51A(f)
B) 51A(h)
C) 51A(j)
D) 51A(k)
Answer: B) 51A(h)
Explanation: Citizens must develop scientific temper, humanism, and spirit of inquiry.
82. Which Fundamental Duty is most closely connected with protecting forests and wildlife?
A) 51A(e)
B) 51A(f)
C) 51A(g)
D) 51A(j)
Answer: C) 51A(g)
Explanation: Citizens must protect and improve the natural environment.
83. Which Fundamental Duty ensures respect to the Constitution, Flag, and Anthem?
A) 51A(a)
B) 51A(b)
C) 51A(f)
D) 51A(h)
Answer: A) 51A(a)
Explanation: The very first Fundamental Duty stresses respect for national symbols.
84. Which Fundamental Duty urges citizens to safeguard public property?
A) 51A(g)
B) 51A(i)
C) 51A(f)
D) 51A(j)
Answer: B) 51A(i)
Explanation: It asks citizens to safeguard public property and abjure violence.
85. Which Fundamental Duty directs citizens to uphold sovereignty and unity of India?
A) 51A(c)
B) 51A(d)
C) 51A(e)
D) 51A(k)
Answer: B) 51A(d)
Explanation: It stresses safeguarding the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India.
86. The Fundamental Duty of promoting harmony is linked with:
A) 51A(d)
B) 51A(e)
C) 51A(g)
D) 51A(h)
Answer: B) 51A(e)
Explanation: It requires promoting harmony and renouncing practices derogatory to women’s dignity.
87. Which Fundamental Duty is linked with preserving cultural heritage?
A) 51A(f)
B) 51A(h)
C) 51A(i)
D) 51A(j)
Answer: A) 51A(f)
Explanation: Citizens must preserve the rich heritage of India’s composite culture.
88. Which Fundamental Duty requires parents to provide education to children?
A) 51A(f)
B) 51A(h)
C) 51A(k)
D) 51A(j)
Answer: C) 51A(k)
Explanation: It was added in 2002 to complement the Right to Education.
89. Which Fundamental Duty requires cherishing freedom struggle ideals?
A) 51A(c)
B) 51A(d)
C) 51A(e)
D) 51A(h)
Answer: A) 51A(c)
Explanation: Citizens must cherish and follow ideals of freedom fighters.
90. The Fundamental Duty of striving for excellence benefits:
A) Only individuals
B) Only the government
C) The whole nation
D) Only industries
Answer: C) The whole nation
Explanation: Excellence by individuals uplifts the nation.
91. Fundamental Duties are considered:
A) Moral obligations
B) Enforceable by law
C) Fundamental Rights
D) Justiciable
Answer: A) Moral obligations
Explanation: They guide citizens morally, though some may be enforced by laws.
92. Which Fundamental Duty calls for respect of democratic institutions?
A) 51A(a)
B) 51A(d)
C) 51A(h)
D) 51A(j)
Answer: A) 51A(a)
Explanation: Respecting the Constitution also means respecting its democratic institutions.
93. Fundamental Duties have a close relationship with:
A) Directive Principles of State Policy
B) Fundamental Rights
C) Preamble of the Constitution
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Duties are complementary to Rights, Preamble ideals, and Directive Principles.
94. Fundamental Duties help prevent:
A) Misuse of Fundamental Rights
B) Judicial review
C) Elections
D) Tax evasion
Answer: A) Misuse of Fundamental Rights
Explanation: Duties remind citizens that rights must not be misused irresponsibly.
95. Which of the following is NOT a Fundamental Duty?
A) To respect National Anthem
B) To safeguard public property
C) To pay taxes honestly
D) To promote scientific temper
Answer: C) To pay taxes honestly
Explanation: Tax payment is a legal/statutory duty, not a Fundamental Duty.
96. The judiciary has used Fundamental Duties in:
A) Expanding Fundamental Rights
B) Striking down laws
C) Declaring emergencies
D) Electoral reforms
Answer: A) Expanding Fundamental Rights
Explanation: Courts have used Duties to interpret and expand scope of Rights (e.g., environment protection).
97. Which Fundamental Duty relates to national service?
A) 51A(b)
B) 51A(d)
C) 51A(e)
D) 51A(f)
Answer: A) 51A(b)
Explanation: It requires citizens to defend the country and render national service.
98. The concept of Duties is borrowed from the Constitution of:
A) UK
B) USA
C) USSR
D) Japan
Answer: C) USSR
Explanation: The idea of Fundamental Duties came from the former Soviet Constitution.
99. The Fundamental Duties are included in:
A) Part III
B) Part IVA
C) Part V
D) Part IX
Answer: B) Part IVA
Explanation: They are in Part IVA (Article 51A) of the Constitution.
100. The main significance of Fundamental Duties is:
A) They are legally binding rules
B) They are moral responsibilities of citizens
C) They give powers to the government
D) They restrict Fundamental Rights
Answer: B) They are moral responsibilities of citizens
Explanation: They act as moral guidelines to promote responsible citizenship and national unity.