1. Which article of the Constitution establishes the Supreme Court of India?
A) Article 124
B) Article 131
C) Article 136
D) Article 143
Answer: A) Article 124
Explanation: Article 124 provides for the establishment and constitution of the Supreme Court of India.
2. The Supreme Court of India came into existence on:
A) 26 January 1947
B) 28 January 1950
C) 15 August 1947
D) 1 January 1951
Answer: B) 28 January 1950
Explanation: The Supreme Court was inaugurated on 28 January 1950, replacing the Federal Court of India.
3. The first Chief Justice of India was:
A) H.J. Kania
B) M. Patanjali Sastri
C) B.K. Mukherjee
D) S.R. Das
Answer: A) H.J. Kania
Explanation: Justice Harilal J. Kania was the first Chief Justice of India.
4. The minimum number of judges (excluding the Chief Justice) in the Supreme Court is:
A) 6
B) 7
C) 2
D) None of the above
Answer: C) 2
Explanation: Originally, Article 124 provided for one Chief Justice and 7 other judges; but Parliament can change this number.
5. The current sanctioned strength of the Supreme Court (as of 2025) is:
A) 25 judges
B) 31 judges
C) 34 judges
D) 40 judges
Answer: C) 34 judges
Explanation: The Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Amendment Act, 2019 increased the strength to 34 (including CJI).
6. The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by:
A) Prime Minister
B) President
C) Parliament
D) Vice President
Answer: B) President
Explanation: Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President under Article 124.
7. The age of retirement of a Supreme Court judge is:
A) 60 years
B) 62 years
C) 65 years
D) 70 years
Answer: C) 65 years
Explanation: Supreme Court judges retire at the age of 65 years.
8. Which of the following qualifications is required for a person to be appointed as a Supreme Court judge?
A) Must be a distinguished jurist in the opinion of the President
B) Must have been a High Court judge for at least 5 years
C) Must have been an advocate in High Court for at least 10 years
D) Any of the above
Answer: D) Any of the above
Explanation: Article 124(3) lists all these qualifications.
9. The Chief Justice of India is appointed by the:
A) Prime Minister
B) President
C) Cabinet
D) Vice President
Answer: B) President
Explanation: The President appoints the CJI after consultation, following the seniority convention.
10. Which of the following is NOT a jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?
A) Original jurisdiction
B) Advisory jurisdiction
C) Appellate jurisdiction
D) Financial jurisdiction
Answer: D) Financial jurisdiction
Explanation: The Supreme Court has original, advisory, and appellate jurisdictions, not financial.
11. Which Article gives the Supreme Court the power of original jurisdiction in disputes between the Centre and states?
A) Article 131
B) Article 132
C) Article 134
D) Article 136
Answer: A) Article 131
Explanation: Article 131 deals with original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
12. The Supreme Court has the power to review its own judgments under:
A) Article 131
B) Article 137
C) Article 145
D) Article 148
Answer: B) Article 137
Explanation: Article 137 provides for review jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
13. Which Article provides for the advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?
A) Article 131
B) Article 132
C) Article 143
D) Article 144
Answer: C) Article 143
Explanation: Article 143 empowers the President to seek the Supreme Court’s advisory opinion.
14. The final interpreter of the Constitution is:
A) Parliament
B) President
C) Supreme Court
D) Law Commission
Answer: C) Supreme Court
Explanation: The Supreme Court is the guardian and final interpreter of the Constitution.
15. Which Article gives the Supreme Court the power of judicial review?
A) Article 131
B) Article 137
C) Article 32
D) Article 136
Answer: C) Article 32
Explanation: Article 32 empowers SC to enforce Fundamental Rights, which involves judicial review.
16. The Supreme Court is the guardian of:
A) Directive Principles
B) Fundamental Rights
C) Parliament
D) Election Commission
Answer: B) Fundamental Rights
Explanation: The Supreme Court safeguards and enforces Fundamental Rights under Article 32.
17. Which writs can be issued by the Supreme Court?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Mandamus
C) Prohibition
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: SC can issue all five writs – Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, Quo-Warranto.
18. The Supreme Court decision is binding on:
A) High Courts only
B) Subordinate Courts only
C) All courts in India
D) President only
Answer: C) All courts in India
Explanation: Article 141 makes SC judgments binding on all courts in India.
19. Who decides disputes regarding the election of the President and Vice President?
A) Election Commission
B) Parliament
C) Supreme Court
D) High Court
Answer: C) Supreme Court
Explanation: Article 71 provides that disputes on Presidential and Vice-Presidential elections are decided by SC.
20. The Supreme Court can transfer cases from one High Court to another under:
A) Article 131
B) Article 134
C) Article 139A
D) Article 145
Answer: C) Article 139A
Explanation: Article 139A empowers SC to transfer cases between High Courts.
21. The Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction in:
A) Constitutional matters
B) Civil cases
C) Criminal cases
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: SC has wide appellate jurisdiction in all the above categories.
22. The procedure of impeachment of a Supreme Court judge is mentioned in:
A) Article 124(4)
B) Article 126
C) Article 128
D) Article 130
Answer: A) Article 124(4)
Explanation: Article 124(4) deals with removal of a SC judge through impeachment.
23. On what grounds can a Supreme Court judge be removed?
A) Corruption
B) Proven misbehavior or incapacity
C) Political bias
D) Inefficiency
Answer: B) Proven misbehavior or incapacity
Explanation: The only grounds are “proved misbehavior or incapacity” under Article 124(4).
24. Who conducts the impeachment process of a Supreme Court judge?
A) Parliament
B) President
C) Vice President
D) Prime Minister
Answer: A) Parliament
Explanation: Parliament initiates and passes the impeachment motion; President then removes the judge.
25. The salaries and allowances of Supreme Court judges are charged on:
A) Consolidated Fund of India
B) Contingency Fund
C) Public Account
D) Union Budget
Answer: A) Consolidated Fund of India
Explanation: Judges’ salaries are charged on the Consolidated Fund of India, not subject to voting.
26. Which Article empowers the Supreme Court to do complete justice in any case?
A) Article 131
B) Article 136
C) Article 142
D) Article 144
Answer: C) Article 142
Explanation: Article 142 empowers SC to pass decrees and orders necessary for doing “complete justice” in any case.
27. The first woman judge of the Supreme Court of India was:
A) R. Banumathi
B) M. Fathima Beevi
C) Indu Malhotra
D) Leila Seth
Answer: B) M. Fathima Beevi
Explanation: Justice M. Fathima Beevi became the first woman judge of SC in 1989.
28. Which of the following cases established the principle of Judicial Review in India?
A) Kesavananda Bharati case (1973)
B) Indira Gandhi vs. Raj Narain (1975)
C) Shankari Prasad case (1951)
D) A.K. Gopalan case (1950)
Answer: D) A.K. Gopalan case (1950)
Explanation: Judicial review power was first exercised in A.K. Gopalan case (1950), later expanded in Kesavananda Bharati case.
29. Which landmark case established the ‘Basic Structure Doctrine’?
A) Golaknath vs. State of Punjab
B) Kesavananda Bharati vs. State of Kerala
C) Indira Gandhi vs. Raj Narain
D) Menaka Gandhi vs. Union of India
Answer: B) Kesavananda Bharati vs. State of Kerala
Explanation: In 1973, SC held that Parliament cannot amend the basic structure of the Constitution.
30. Who was the longest-serving Chief Justice of India?
A) M. Patanjali Sastri
B) Y.V. Chandrachud
C) S.H. Kapadia
D) K.G. Balakrishnan
Answer: B) Y.V. Chandrachud
Explanation: Justice Y.V. Chandrachud served as CJI from 1978 to 1985, the longest tenure.
31. Who is the only judge to have been impeached in India?
A) Justice Ramaswami
B) Justice V. Ramaswami (attempt failed)
C) Justice Soumitra Sen
D) None
Answer: D) None
Explanation: Though impeachment was attempted (Justice V. Ramaswami, Justice Soumitra Sen, Justice Dinakaran), no judge has been successfully impeached in India.
32. Which case is called the “Election case” in India?
A) Golaknath Case
B) Indira Gandhi vs. Raj Narain
C) Kesavananda Bharati Case
D) Shankari Prasad Case
Answer: B) Indira Gandhi vs. Raj Narain
Explanation: Known as the “Election Case”, it led to the striking down of 39th Amendment.
33. The Supreme Court of India replaced which court in 1950?
A) Privy Council
B) Federal Court of India
C) High Court of India
D) King’s Court
Answer: B) Federal Court of India
Explanation: SC replaced the Federal Court and jurisdiction of Privy Council after 1950.
34. Who has the power to increase the number of judges in the Supreme Court?
A) President
B) Parliament
C) Prime Minister
D) Chief Justice of India
Answer: B) Parliament
Explanation: Parliament can increase the number of judges by law (e.g., SC (Number of Judges) Amendment Act, 2019).
35. Which of the following Articles deals with the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in constitutional matters?
A) Article 132
B) Article 133
C) Article 134
D) Article 135
Answer: A) Article 132
Explanation: Article 132 gives appellate jurisdiction to SC in constitutional matters.
36. Who can seek advisory opinion from the Supreme Court?
A) Parliament
B) Prime Minister
C) President
D) Attorney General
Answer: C) President
Explanation: Under Article 143, the President can seek the SC’s advisory opinion.
37. Which case declared Right to Privacy as a Fundamental Right?
A) Indira Gandhi vs. Raj Narain
B) Kesavananda Bharati vs. State of Kerala
C) K.S. Puttaswamy vs. Union of India
D) Menaka Gandhi vs. Union of India
Answer: C) K.S. Puttaswamy vs. Union of India (2017)
Explanation: SC declared Right to Privacy a fundamental right under Article 21.
38. Who assists the Supreme Court as its chief legal advisor?
A) Solicitor General of India
B) Advocate General of India
C) Attorney General of India
D) Law Minister
Answer: C) Attorney General of India
Explanation: Attorney General is the highest law officer and advisor to the SC and Govt.
39. Which Article states that the law declared by the Supreme Court is binding on all courts?
A) Article 136
B) Article 141
C) Article 142
D) Article 144
Answer: B) Article 141
Explanation: Article 141 makes SC’s decisions binding on all courts in India.
40. Under Article 32, the Supreme Court primarily safeguards:
A) DPSPs
B) Fundamental Rights
C) Election rights
D) Civil Rights only
Answer: B) Fundamental Rights
Explanation: Article 32 is the “Right to Constitutional Remedies” for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
41. Which Article makes it obligatory for all authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court?
A) Article 141
B) Article 142
C) Article 143
D) Article 144
Answer: D) Article 144
Explanation: Article 144 states all civil and judicial authorities must act in aid of SC.
42. Which case upheld that judicial review is part of the basic structure of the Constitution?
A) Indira Gandhi vs. Raj Narain
B) Kesavananda Bharati case
C) Minerva Mills case
D) Golaknath case
Answer: C) Minerva Mills case (1980)
Explanation: Judicial review was held as part of the basic structure in Minerva Mills case.
43. The “Judicial Activism” concept was popularized in India through which writ?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Mandamus
C) Public Interest Litigation (PIL)
D) Certiorari
Answer: C) Public Interest Litigation (PIL)
Explanation: Judicial activism in India grew through PILs in the 1980s.
44. The term “Court of Record” for Supreme Court means:
A) Its decisions are binding precedents
B) It can punish for contempt
C) It keeps records for future cases
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: SC is a Court of Record (Article 129) – decisions are binding, contempt power, and permanent record.
45. Which Article gives Supreme Court the power to grant special leave to appeal?
A) Article 131
B) Article 132
C) Article 136
D) Article 138
Answer: C) Article 136
Explanation: Article 136 gives SC power to grant special leave to appeal against any judgment.
46. The first Lok Adalat was held in which year?
A) 1975
B) 1982
C) 1985
D) 1990
Answer: B) 1982
Explanation: First Lok Adalat was organized in Gujarat in 1982 to provide speedy justice.
47. Which case gave wider interpretation of Article 21 (Right to Life)?
A) A.K. Gopalan vs. State of Madras
B) Golaknath vs. State of Punjab
C) Maneka Gandhi vs. Union of India
D) Kesavananda Bharati vs. State of Kerala
Answer: C) Maneka Gandhi vs. Union of India (1978)
Explanation: SC held that “Right to Life” means right to live with dignity.
48. Who was the first Dalit Chief Justice of India?
A) Justice K.G. Balakrishnan
B) Justice M.H. Beg
C) Justice P.B. Gajendragadkar
D) Justice A.M. Ahmadi
Answer: A) Justice K.G. Balakrishnan
Explanation: He became the 37th CJI in 2007 and the first Dalit CJI.
49. The power of Judicial Review in India is borrowed from which country?
A) UK
B) USA
C) Canada
D) Ireland
Answer: B) USA
Explanation: Judicial review concept in India is borrowed from the USA Constitution.
50. Which of the following is NOT correct about the Supreme Court?
A) It has power to issue writs
B) It has power of judicial review
C) It is the guardian of Fundamental Rights
D) It is subordinate to Parliament
Answer: D) It is subordinate to Parliament
Explanation: SC is independent and not subordinate to Parliament.
51. Who appoints the Judges of the Supreme Court?
A) Prime Minister
B) President
C) Chief Justice of India
D) Parliament
Answer: B) President
Explanation: The President of India appoints the judges of the Supreme Court after consultation with judges as prescribed under Article 124.
52. The age of retirement for a Supreme Court judge is:
A) 62 years
B) 65 years
C) 68 years
D) 70 years
Answer: B) 65 years
Explanation: Article 124(2) provides that a judge of the Supreme Court holds office until the age of 65.
53. Which amendment introduced the collegium system indirectly through judicial interpretation?
A) 24th Amendment
B) 42nd Amendment
C) 99th Amendment
D) None (developed through cases)
Answer: D) None (developed through cases)
Explanation: The collegium system emerged through Supreme Court judgments (Three Judges Cases), not via constitutional amendment.
54. Who decides the number of judges in the Supreme Court?
A) Constitution directly
B) President
C) Parliament by law
D) Supreme Court itself
Answer: C) Parliament by law
Explanation: The strength of the Supreme Court (other than CJI) is determined by Parliament through legislation.
55. Which Article empowers Parliament to increase the number of judges in the Supreme Court?
A) Article 124
B) Article 130
C) Article 131
D) Article 138
Answer: A) Article 124
Explanation: Article 124 provides that the number of judges can be increased by Parliament by law.
56. Which of the following is NOT a qualification for appointment as a Supreme Court judge?
A) Must be a citizen of India
B) At least 10 years as an advocate in High Court
C) At least 5 years as a High Court judge
D) Must be a Member of Parliament
Answer: D) Must be a Member of Parliament
Explanation: Being a Member of Parliament is not a qualification for becoming a Supreme Court judge.
57. Under Article 129, the Supreme Court is a:
A) Guardian of the Constitution
B) Protector of Fundamental Rights
C) Court of Record
D) Advisory Court
Answer: C) Court of Record
Explanation: Article 129 declares the Supreme Court as a “Court of Record,” with power to punish for contempt.
58. Which Article empowers the Supreme Court to punish for contempt?
A) Article 129
B) Article 132
C) Article 133
D) Article 137
Answer: A) Article 129
Explanation: The Supreme Court has inherent powers to punish for contempt of itself under Article 129.
59. Which Article of the Constitution mentions the seat of the Supreme Court?
A) Article 128
B) Article 130
C) Article 134
D) Article 137
Answer: B) Article 130
Explanation: Article 130 provides that the Supreme Court shall sit in Delhi unless otherwise decided by the Chief Justice of India with Presidential approval.
60. Who decides disputes regarding the election of the President and Vice-President?
A) Election Commission
B) High Court
C) Supreme Court
D) Parliament
Answer: C) Supreme Court
Explanation: Article 71 provides that all disputes regarding elections of President and Vice-President are decided by the Supreme Court.
61. Which Article deals with the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in civil cases?
A) Article 133
B) Article 134
C) Article 135
D) Article 136
Answer: A) Article 133
Explanation: Article 133 deals with appeals to the Supreme Court in civil matters.
62. Which Article deals with appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in criminal cases?
A) Article 132
B) Article 134
C) Article 135
D) Article 136
Answer: B) Article 134
Explanation: Article 134 deals with appeals to the Supreme Court in criminal cases.
63. The discretionary power of the Supreme Court to grant special leave to appeal is provided under:
A) Article 132
B) Article 134
C) Article 136
D) Article 137
Answer: C) Article 136
Explanation: Article 136 provides for Special Leave Petition (SLP) jurisdiction.
64. Which Article empowers the Supreme Court to review its own judgments?
A) Article 131
B) Article 137
C) Article 138
D) Article 141
Answer: B) Article 137
Explanation: Article 137 empowers the Supreme Court to review its own judgments or orders.
65. The Supreme Court is the final interpreter of:
A) Fundamental Rights
B) Constitution of India
C) Laws enacted by Parliament
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: As the highest court, SC is the final interpreter of the Constitution and laws.
66. Who decides disputes between two or more States?
A) President
B) Parliament
C) Supreme Court
D) High Court
Answer: C) Supreme Court
Explanation: Article 131 gives the Supreme Court exclusive original jurisdiction in disputes between states.
67. Who decides disputes between Centre and States?
A) President
B) Parliament
C) Supreme Court
D) Governor
Answer: C) Supreme Court
Explanation: Article 131 provides original jurisdiction of SC in disputes between Union and States.
68. Who can transfer a case from one High Court to another?
A) President
B) Chief Justice of India
C) Prime Minister
D) Parliament
Answer: B) Chief Justice of India
Explanation: Only the Chief Justice of India can transfer cases between High Courts under Article 139A.
69. The law declared by the Supreme Court is binding on:
A) All courts in India
B) Only High Courts
C) Only Subordinate Courts
D) None of the above
Answer: A) All courts in India
Explanation: Article 141 makes the law declared by SC binding on all courts in India.
70. Which Article provides that the Supreme Court’s decisions are binding?
A) Article 136
B) Article 141
C) Article 142
D) Article 144
Answer: B) Article 141
Explanation: Article 141 declares that law laid down by SC is binding on all courts.
71. Which Article provides that all authorities shall act in aid of the Supreme Court?
A) Article 141
B) Article 142
C) Article 144
D) Article 146
Answer: C) Article 144
Explanation: Article 144 provides that all authorities must act in aid of the Supreme Court.
72. Which Article empowers the Supreme Court to pass decrees for complete justice?
A) Article 131
B) Article 136
C) Article 142
D) Article 146
Answer: C) Article 142
Explanation: Article 142 empowers SC to pass orders necessary to do “complete justice” in a case.
73. The salaries of Supreme Court judges are charged upon:
A) Consolidated Fund of India
B) Contingency Fund of India
C) Public Account of India
D) Grants by Parliament
Answer: A) Consolidated Fund of India
Explanation: Salaries of judges are charged on the Consolidated Fund, ensuring independence.
74. Can Parliament reduce the salary of Supreme Court judges during their term?
A) Yes, anytime
B) No, except during financial emergency
C) Yes, with CJI’s consent
D) No, never
Answer: B) No, except during financial emergency
Explanation: Salaries of judges can only be reduced during a Financial Emergency (Art. 360).
75. Which Article provides for the appointment of ad hoc judges in the Supreme Court?
A) Article 126
B) Article 127
C) Article 128
D) Article 129
Answer: B) Article 127
Explanation: Article 127 provides for the appointment of ad hoc judges when quorum is not available.
76. Who can appoint a retired judge of a High Court as an ad hoc judge of the Supreme Court?
A) Prime Minister
B) President
C) Chief Justice of India with President’s consent
D) Parliament
Answer: C) Chief Justice of India with President’s consent
Explanation: Article 128 empowers the CJI, with the President’s approval, to request retired judges to sit in SC.
77. Who appoints the officers and servants of the Supreme Court?
A) President
B) Chief Justice of India
C) Parliament
D) Ministry of Law
Answer: B) Chief Justice of India
Explanation: Article 146 provides that officers and staff are appointed by the CJI.
78. Under which Article can the President seek the advisory opinion of the Supreme Court?
A) Article 131
B) Article 136
C) Article 143
D) Article 147
Answer: C) Article 143
Explanation: Article 143 empowers the President to seek advisory opinion from the SC.
79. Is the advisory opinion of the Supreme Court binding on the President?
A) Yes
B) No
C) Only in constitutional matters
D) Only if Parliament approves
Answer: B) No
Explanation: The advisory opinion under Article 143 is not binding on the President.
80. The Supreme Court has the power to transfer cases from one High Court to another under:
A) Article 131
B) Article 139A
C) Article 141
D) Article 145
Answer: B) Article 139A
Explanation: Article 139A allows the transfer of cases between High Courts by SC.
81. Who is the custodian of the Constitution of India?
A) President
B) Parliament
C) Supreme Court
D) Prime Minister
Answer: C) Supreme Court
Explanation: The SC is regarded as the guardian and custodian of the Constitution.
82. Who was the first woman judge of the Supreme Court of India?
A) Sujata Manohar
B) Ruma Pal
C) Fathima Beevi
D) Indu Malhotra
Answer: C) Fathima Beevi
Explanation: Justice M. Fathima Beevi became the first woman judge of SC in 1989.
83. Which case established the principle of “basic structure of the Constitution”?
A) Golaknath case
B) Kesavananda Bharati case
C) Maneka Gandhi case
D) Minerva Mills case
Answer: B) Kesavananda Bharati case
Explanation: In 1973, the SC laid down the “basic structure doctrine” in Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala.
84. In which case did the SC hold that Right to Education is a Fundamental Right?
A) Golaknath case
B) Unni Krishnan case
C) Maneka Gandhi case
D) Indira Sawhney case
Answer: B) Unni Krishnan case
Explanation: In 1993, SC ruled that Right to Education is part of Right to Life (Article 21).
85. In which case was the Collegium system established?
A) First Judges Case (1981)
B) Second Judges Case (1993)
C) Third Judges Case (1998)
D) Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973)
Answer: B) Second Judges Case (1993)
Explanation: The Second Judges Case established the collegium system for judicial appointments.
86. Which case struck down the NJAC Act, 2014?
A) Indira Sawhney case
B) Kesavananda Bharati case
C) Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record case (2015)
D) Shreya Singhal case
Answer: C) Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record case (2015)
Explanation: In 2015, SC struck down the NJAC Act as unconstitutional, reaffirming collegium system.
87. Who is the current Chief Justice of India (as of 2025)?
A) N.V. Ramana
B) D.Y. Chandrachud
C) Ranjan Gogoi
D) U.U. Lalit
Answer: B) D.Y. Chandrachud
Explanation: Justice Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud has been serving as CJI since November 2022.
88. Which Article defines the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in constitutional matters?
A) Article 131
B) Article 132
C) Article 133
D) Article 134
Answer: B) Article 132
Explanation: Article 132 provides for appellate jurisdiction of SC in constitutional cases.
89. What is the maximum number of judges (including CJI) in the Supreme Court as per 2019 amendment?
A) 30
B) 31
C) 33
D) 34
Answer: D) 34
Explanation: The Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Amendment Act, 2019 increased the strength to 34.
90. Which Article provides that Parliament may confer additional powers on the Supreme Court?
A) Article 135
B) Article 136
C) Article 138
D) Article 139
Answer: C) Article 138
Explanation: Article 138 empowers Parliament to extend jurisdiction and powers of SC.
91. Which Article allows SC to issue directions for enforcement of Fundamental Rights?
A) Article 32
B) Article 136
C) Article 137
D) Article 139
Answer: D) Article 139
Explanation: Article 139 empowers SC to issue directions, orders, or writs for enforcement of FRs.
92. Who was the first Chief Justice of India?
A) H.J. Kania
B) M. Patanjali Sastri
C) B.K. Mukherjee
D) S.R. Das
Answer: A) H.J. Kania
Explanation: Harilal J. Kania was the first CJI (1950–1951).
93. Which case made Right to Privacy a Fundamental Right?
A) Shreya Singhal case
B) Kesavananda Bharati case
C) Puttaswamy case (2017)
D) Maneka Gandhi case
Answer: C) Puttaswamy case (2017)
Explanation: The SC declared Right to Privacy as part of Article 21 in K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India.
94. Which Article empowers SC to enlarge the jurisdiction of High Courts?
A) Article 138
B) Article 139
C) Article 140
D) Article 141
Answer: C) Article 140
Explanation: Article 140 gives Parliament power to confer supplementary jurisdiction on SC to enlarge HC jurisdiction.
95. Which case upheld the validity of reservation for OBCs in central services?
A) Indira Sawhney case (1992)
B) Kesavananda Bharati case
C) Minerva Mills case
D) Golaknath case
Answer: A) Indira Sawhney case (1992)
Explanation: SC upheld 27% reservation for OBCs in the Indira Sawhney case.
96. Which case expanded the scope of Article 21 to include Right to Travel abroad?
A) Maneka Gandhi case (1978)
B) Golaknath case
C) A.K. Gopalan case
D) Kesavananda Bharati case
Answer: A) Maneka Gandhi case (1978)
Explanation: SC ruled that Article 21 includes right to personal liberty, expanding it to right to travel abroad.
97. Which Article empowers SC to make rules for regulating its practice and procedure?
A) Article 142
B) Article 145
C) Article 146
D) Article 147
Answer: B) Article 145
Explanation: Article 145 empowers SC to frame rules for its own procedure.
98. Which Article defines “constitutional law” for the purposes of SC jurisdiction?
A) Article 132
B) Article 134
C) Article 147
D) Article 148
Answer: C) Article 147
Explanation: Article 147 explains “constitutional law” with reference to SC jurisdiction.
99. Who administers the oath of office to the Chief Justice of India?
A) Prime Minister
B) President
C) Senior-most Judge of SC
D) Attorney General of India
Answer: B) President
Explanation: The President administers the oath of office to the CJI under Article 124(6).
100. Who can remove a judge of the Supreme Court?
A) President on his discretion
B) Parliament by simple majority
C) Parliament by special majority + Presidential order
D) Prime Minister with Cabinet approval
Answer: C) Parliament by special majority + Presidential order
Explanation: Judges can be removed by Parliament through a special majority (impeachment) and Presidential order.