1. The Election Commission of India is established under which Article of the Constitution?
a) Article 320
b) Article 324
c) Article 326
d) Article 329
Answer: b) Article 324
Explanation: Article 324 provides for the superintendence, direction, and control of elections to Parliament, state legislatures, and the offices of President and Vice-President.
2. The Election Commission of India is a:
a) Constitutional body
b) Statutory body
c) Executive body
d) Advisory body
Answer: a) Constitutional body
Explanation: It is a constitutional body established under Article 324.
3. Who appoints the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) of India?
a) President
b) Prime Minister
c) Parliament
d) Supreme Court
Answer: a) President
Explanation: The Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners are appointed by the President of India.
4. What is the tenure of the Chief Election Commissioner?
a) 3 years or 60 years of age
b) 5 years or 65 years of age
c) 6 years or 65 years of age
d) 6 years or 70 years of age
Answer: c) 6 years or 65 years of age
Explanation: The CEC and Election Commissioners hold office for six years or until they attain the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier.
5. The Chief Election Commissioner can be removed from office in the same manner as:
a) Prime Minister
b) High Court Judge
c) Supreme Court Judge
d) Speaker of Lok Sabha
Answer: c) Supreme Court Judge
Explanation: The CEC can be removed from office only through impeachment, similar to a Supreme Court judge.
6. Which of the following elections are conducted by the Election Commission of India?
a) Panchayat Elections
b) Municipal Elections
c) State Assembly Elections
d) Both a & b
Answer: c) State Assembly Elections
Explanation: Panchayat and municipal elections are conducted by State Election Commissions. The ECI conducts elections for Parliament, State Legislatures, President, and Vice-President.
7. How many members were there in the Election Commission when it was first established in 1950?
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
Answer: a) One
Explanation: Initially, the Election Commission had only one member—the Chief Election Commissioner.
8. The Election Commission became a multi-member body in which year?
a) 1962
b) 1989
c) 1991
d) 1993
Answer: d) 1993
Explanation: Since October 1, 1993, the Election Commission has been functioning as a multi-member body with one CEC and two Election Commissioners.
9. Which Article deals with elections to the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies?
a) Article 324
b) Article 326
c) Article 327
d) Article 329
Answer: b) Article 326
Explanation: Article 326 provides for elections on the basis of adult suffrage.
10. Who decides on matters related to the recognition of political parties?
a) Parliament
b) President
c) Election Commission
d) Supreme Court
Answer: c) Election Commission
Explanation: The Election Commission decides on recognition and derecognition of political parties and allocation of election symbols.
11. Which of the following bodies settles disputes regarding the election of the President and Vice-President of India?
a) Supreme Court
b) Parliament
c) Election Commission
d) High Court
Answer: a) Supreme Court
Explanation: Article 71 provides that the Supreme Court settles such disputes.
12. The Election Commission of India does not conduct elections for:
a) Rajya Sabha
b) Lok Sabha
c) Panchayats
d) President
Answer: c) Panchayats
Explanation: State Election Commissions conduct Panchayat and municipal elections.
13. Who decides on the disqualification of Members of Parliament under the Representation of the People Act, 1951?
a) Supreme Court
b) President
c) Election Commission
d) Parliament
Answer: b) President (in consultation with Election Commission)
Explanation: The President decides disqualification under RPA, 1951, but is bound by the advice of the Election Commission.
14. Which Article provides the power to make provisions with respect to elections?
a) Article 324
b) Article 327
c) Article 328
d) Article 329
Answer: b) Article 327
Explanation: Article 327 empowers Parliament to make provisions regarding elections.
15. The State Election Commission is established under which Article?
a) Article 243K
b) Article 324
c) Article 329
d) Article 243L
Answer: a) Article 243K
Explanation: Article 243K provides for State Election Commissions for Panchayat and municipal elections.
16. What is the minimum age to be included in the electoral roll?
a) 16 years
b) 17 years
c) 18 years
d) 21 years
Answer: c) 18 years
Explanation: According to the 61st Amendment Act, 1988, the voting age was reduced from 21 to 18 years.
17. Which of the following ensures free and fair elections in India?
a) Judiciary
b) Election Commission
c) Political Parties
d) Parliament
Answer: b) Election Commission
Explanation: The ECI ensures free and fair elections in India.
18. Which of the following is not a function of the Election Commission?
a) Conducting elections for President
b) Preparing electoral rolls
c) Deciding election disputes
d) Conducting Lok Sabha elections
Answer: c) Deciding election disputes
Explanation: Election disputes are decided by courts, not by the Election Commission.
19. The Representation of the People Act was enacted in:
a) 1949
b) 1950
c) 1951
d) 1952
Answer: c) 1951
Explanation: The RPA, 1951 provides the actual conduct of elections and qualifications/disqualifications.
20. Who was the first Chief Election Commissioner of India?
a) Sukumar Sen
b) T. N. Seshan
c) K. R. Narayanan
d) M. S. Gill
Answer: a) Sukumar Sen
Explanation: Sukumar Sen was the first CEC of India (1950–1958).
21. Who was the Chief Election Commissioner known for electoral reforms in the 1990s?
a) T. N. Seshan
b) Sukumar Sen
c) V. S. Ramadevi
d) Sunil Arora
Answer: a) T. N. Seshan
Explanation: T. N. Seshan brought significant reforms in the 1990s to curb malpractices.
22. Which Article prohibits courts from interfering in matters of elections?
a) Article 324
b) Article 327
c) Article 329
d) Article 243K
Answer: c) Article 329
Explanation: Article 329 bars interference of courts in electoral matters except via election petitions.
23. The Election Commission can issue orders for:
a) Model Code of Conduct
b) Recognition of political parties
c) Allotment of symbols
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: The ECI issues orders on MCC, recognition of parties, and symbols.
24. Which constitutional amendment introduced the State Election Commission?
a) 42nd Amendment
b) 44th Amendment
c) 61st Amendment
d) 73rd Amendment
Answer: d) 73rd Amendment
Explanation: The 73rd Amendment Act, 1992 introduced State Election Commissions for Panchayati Raj elections.
25. Who decides on questions related to disqualification of MPs under the 10th Schedule (anti-defection)?
a) President
b) Speaker/Chairman of House
c) Election Commission
d) Supreme Court
Answer: b) Speaker/Chairman of House
Explanation: Under the 10th Schedule, the presiding officer of the concerned House decides disqualification on grounds of defection.
26. The Election Commission submits its annual report to:
a) Prime Minister
b) President
c) Parliament
d) Supreme Court
Answer: b) President
Explanation: The Election Commission submits its report to the President, who lays it before Parliament.
27. Which of the following constitutional provisions ensures the independence of the Election Commission?
a) Security of tenure of CEC
b) Difficult procedure of removal of CEC
c) Service conditions cannot be varied to his disadvantage
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: These safeguards ensure the Election Commission’s independence.
28. Which of the following bodies decides the disputes regarding the election of MPs and MLAs?
a) Election Commission
b) Supreme Court
c) High Court
d) Parliament
Answer: c) High Court
Explanation: Election petitions for MPs/MLAs are decided by the respective High Court.
29. The Election Commission prepares the electoral rolls under:
a) Representation of the People Act, 1950
b) Representation of the People Act, 1951
c) Constitution (Article 326)
d) Constitution (Article 327)
Answer: a) Representation of the People Act, 1950
Explanation: RPA 1950 provides for the preparation and revision of electoral rolls.
30. Which Election Commissioner was the first woman to hold the post?
a) V. S. Ramadevi
b) Sarojini Mahishi
c) Meira Kumar
d) Najma Heptulla
Answer: a) V. S. Ramadevi
Explanation: V. S. Ramadevi became the first woman Chief Election Commissioner in 1990.
31. How many Election Commissioners, apart from the Chief Election Commissioner, are there at present (2025)?
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
Answer: b) Two
Explanation: The ECI is a three-member body – one CEC and two Election Commissioners.
32. The Election Commission supervises elections for which of the following?
a) President and Vice-President
b) Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
c) State Legislative Assemblies
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: The ECI conducts elections for these constitutional offices.
33. The Election Commission of India is responsible for issuing which code during elections?
a) Civil Procedure Code
b) Code of Conduct for Judges
c) Model Code of Conduct
d) Criminal Code
Answer: c) Model Code of Conduct
Explanation: The ECI issues the Model Code of Conduct to regulate political parties and candidates during elections.
34. The Election Commission uses which power to advise on disqualification of MPs and MLAs?
a) Article 103 & 192
b) Article 324
c) Article 329
d) Representation of People Act
Answer: a) Article 103 & 192
Explanation: Article 103 (MPs) and 192 (MLAs) – the President/Governor consults ECI before deciding disqualification.
35. Which of the following is not true about the Chief Election Commissioner?
a) Equal powers as other Election Commissioners
b) Removal procedure same as Supreme Court Judge
c) Appointed by Prime Minister directly
d) Head of Election Commission
Answer: c) Appointed by Prime Minister directly
Explanation: The CEC is appointed by the President, not directly by the PM.
36. The Election Commission of India was set up on:
a) 26 January 1950
b) 25 January 1950
c) 15 August 1947
d) 2 October 1950
Answer: b) 25 January 1950
Explanation: The ECI was established on 25 January 1950, celebrated as National Voters’ Day since 2011.
37. Which body allots symbols to political parties?
a) Supreme Court
b) President
c) Election Commission
d) Parliament
Answer: c) Election Commission
Explanation: The ECI allots symbols to political parties and candidates.
38. Which schedule of the Indian Constitution is related to the allocation of seats in Rajya Sabha?
a) First Schedule
b) Second Schedule
c) Fourth Schedule
d) Tenth Schedule
Answer: c) Fourth Schedule
Explanation: The Fourth Schedule deals with the allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha to the states and UTs.
39. The Election Commission is not concerned with the election of:
a) President
b) Vice-President
c) Speaker of Lok Sabha
d) State Legislative Assembly
Answer: c) Speaker of Lok Sabha
Explanation: The Speaker is elected by members of the Lok Sabha themselves.
40. The Model Code of Conduct is:
a) Part of the Constitution
b) A law passed by Parliament
c) A guideline issued by ECI
d) Supreme Court directive
Answer: c) A guideline issued by ECI
Explanation: It is not a law, but a set of guidelines issued by ECI to ensure fair elections.
41. Who decides the schedule of elections in India?
a) President
b) Prime Minister
c) Election Commission
d) Parliament
Answer: c) Election Commission
Explanation: The ECI decides the election schedule such as dates of polling, counting, etc.
42. Which case upheld the independence of the Election Commission and its plenary powers?
a) Kesavananda Bharati case
b) Indira Gandhi vs Raj Narain case
c) Mohinder Singh Gill vs Chief Election Commissioner case
d) S. R. Bommai case
Answer: c) Mohinder Singh Gill vs CEC case (1978)
Explanation: The Supreme Court upheld ECI’s plenary powers under Article 324.
43. Which of the following is not a part of the Election Commission of India?
a) Chief Election Commissioner
b) Election Commissioners
c) Regional Commissioners
d) State Election Commissioners
Answer: d) State Election Commissioners
Explanation: SECs are separate bodies for local elections in states, not part of ECI.
44. Who was the first woman Chief Election Commissioner of India?
a) Sarojini Mahishi
b) V. S. Ramadevi
c) Najma Heptulla
d) Indira Gandhi
Answer: b) V. S. Ramadevi
Explanation: She served as CEC in 1990.
45. Which Article provides that elections to Parliament and State Legislatures shall be on the basis of adult suffrage?
a) Article 324
b) Article 326
c) Article 328
d) Article 329
Answer: b) Article 326
Explanation: Article 326 guarantees universal adult suffrage for elections.
46. The Chief Election Commissioner after retirement:
a) Can be reappointed as Election Commissioner
b) Can hold other government posts
c) Cannot hold any government post
d) Must retire permanently from public life
Answer: c) Cannot hold any government post
Explanation: To ensure independence, the CEC cannot hold any office of profit under government after retirement.
47. Which authority issues the notification for General Elections to Lok Sabha?
a) Election Commission
b) President
c) Prime Minister
d) Speaker of Lok Sabha
Answer: b) President
Explanation: The President issues the notification; the Election Commission conducts the election.
48. Which authority decides disputes regarding splits and mergers of political parties?
a) Supreme Court
b) High Court
c) Election Commission
d) President
Answer: c) Election Commission
Explanation: The ECI decides disputes over splits/mergers of political parties.
49. Which Article allows State Legislatures to make provisions regarding elections to state legislatures?
a) Article 327
b) Article 328
c) Article 329
d) Article 243K
Answer: b) Article 328
Explanation: Article 328 empowers State Legislatures to make laws regarding their own elections.
50. Which day is celebrated as National Voters’ Day in India?
a) 26 January
b) 15 August
c) 25 January
d) 1 March
Answer: c) 25 January
Explanation: Since 2011, 25 January (the day ECI was founded) is celebrated as National Voters’ Day.
51. Who determines the territorial constituencies for elections in India?
a) Election Commission
b) Parliament
c) President
d) Delimitation Commission
Answer: d) Delimitation Commission
Explanation: Delimitation of constituencies is done by an independent Delimitation Commission, not by ECI.
52. The Delimitation Commission is appointed by:
a) President of India
b) Prime Minister
c) Election Commission
d) Parliament
Answer: a) President of India
Explanation: The Delimitation Commission is constituted by the President, in consultation with the Election Commission.
53. Which Article empowers Parliament to make laws on elections?
a) Article 324
b) Article 326
c) Article 327
d) Article 329
Answer: c) Article 327
Explanation: Article 327 empowers Parliament to legislate on all matters relating to elections.
54. Which Article empowers State Legislatures to legislate on elections?
a) Article 324
b) Article 328
c) Article 329
d) Article 243K
Answer: b) Article 328
Explanation: Article 328 gives State Legislatures power to legislate on elections for their legislatures.
55. The Election Commission decides recognition of political parties under which law?
a) Representation of the People Act, 1950
b) Representation of the People Act, 1951
c) Indian Penal Code
d) Government of India Act, 1935
Answer: b) Representation of the People Act, 1951
Explanation: Recognition of parties and allotment of symbols are governed by RPA, 1951.
56. Who supervises elections to the Panchayats and Municipalities?
a) Election Commission of India
b) State Election Commission
c) Governor
d) President
Answer: b) State Election Commission
Explanation: As per Article 243K & 243ZA, the SEC conducts elections to Panchayats and Municipalities.
57. The Election Commission of India is mentioned in which Part of the Constitution?
a) Part V
b) Part IX
c) Part XV
d) Part XX
Answer: c) Part XV
Explanation: Part XV (Articles 324–329) deals with elections.
58. What is the composition of the current Election Commission of India?
a) One CEC + One EC
b) One CEC + Two ECs
c) One CEC + Three ECs
d) Only CEC
Answer: b) One CEC + Two ECs
Explanation: Since 1993, ECI is a three-member body – 1 CEC + 2 ECs.
59. The Election Commission has the power to advise the President/Governor on disqualification under which Articles?
a) Articles 103 & 192
b) Articles 124 & 217
c) Articles 326 & 327
d) Articles 329 & 330
Answer: a) Articles 103 & 192
Explanation: The President decides MP disqualification (Art. 103) and Governor decides MLA disqualification (Art. 192) after consulting ECI.
60. The Election Commission can direct re-polling under which Article?
a) Article 324
b) Article 326
c) Article 327
d) Article 329
Answer: a) Article 324
Explanation: Article 324 gives plenary powers to the Election Commission, including ordering re-polling.
61. Which constitutional amendment reduced the voting age from 21 to 18 years?
a) 42nd Amendment
b) 44th Amendment
c) 61st Amendment
d) 73rd Amendment
Answer: c) 61st Amendment
Explanation: The 61st Amendment Act, 1988 reduced the voting age to 18 years.
62. In case of elections to Parliament, who prepares the electoral rolls?
a) Parliament
b) Election Commission of India
c) Supreme Court
d) Ministry of Home Affairs
Answer: b) Election Commission of India
Explanation: ECI prepares and updates electoral rolls for Parliament and State legislatures.
63. Which of the following elections is conducted through proportional representation by single transferable vote?
a) President of India
b) Vice-President of India
c) Rajya Sabha
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: President, Vice-President, and Rajya Sabha elections are conducted using this system.
64. The Election Commission’s decision in allotment of symbols can be challenged before:
a) Supreme Court
b) High Court
c) Parliament
d) President
Answer: a) Supreme Court
Explanation: Decisions of the Election Commission can be challenged through judicial review in the Supreme Court.
65. Who has the final power to decide recognition/derecognition of a political party?
a) Parliament
b) President
c) Election Commission
d) Supreme Court
Answer: c) Election Commission
Explanation: Recognition and derecognition of political parties is decided by ECI.
66. Which authority decides on election disputes relating to the President and Vice-President?
a) Election Commission
b) Supreme Court
c) Parliament
d) High Court
Answer: b) Supreme Court
Explanation: Article 71 provides that the Supreme Court adjudicates disputes regarding the election of President and Vice-President.
67. Who appoints the Election Commissioners (other than CEC)?
a) President
b) Prime Minister
c) Parliament
d) Vice-President
Answer: a) President
Explanation: Like the CEC, the other Election Commissioners are also appointed by the President.
68. Who determines the service conditions of the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners?
a) Parliament
b) President
c) Supreme Court
d) Prime Minister
Answer: a) Parliament
Explanation: Parliament determines their service conditions by law.
69. Which of the following ensures impartiality of the Election Commission?
a) Security of tenure
b) Equal status of CEC and ECs
c) Salaries charged on Consolidated Fund of India
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: These safeguards ensure impartiality and independence.
70. Who decides whether a person is qualified to be a member of Parliament?
a) Supreme Court
b) Election Commission
c) President
d) Prime Minister
Answer: c) President (consulting ECI)
Explanation: As per Article 103, President decides MP disqualification after consulting the ECI.
71. Which Article provides for bar on interference by courts in electoral matters?
a) Article 324
b) Article 326
c) Article 329
d) Article 243K
Answer: c) Article 329
Explanation: Article 329 bars judicial interference except through election petitions.
72. What is the tenure of the State Election Commissioner?
a) 3 years or 60 years of age
b) 5 years or 65 years of age
c) 6 years or 65 years of age
d) Same as Chief Minister
Answer: b) 5 years or 65 years of age
Explanation: SEC holds office for 5 years or until the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier.
73. Who appoints the State Election Commissioner?
a) Governor
b) Chief Minister
c) President
d) Election Commission of India
Answer: a) Governor
Explanation: The Governor appoints the State Election Commissioner under Article 243K.
74. The decisions of the State Election Commission can be challenged in:
a) Supreme Court only
b) High Court only
c) Both Supreme Court and High Court
d) President’s office
Answer: b) High Court only
Explanation: SEC’s decisions are subject to judicial review in the respective High Court.
75. The Election Commission of India is a:
a) Statutory body
b) Constitutional body
c) Executive body
d) Regulatory body under Parliament
Answer: b) Constitutional body
Explanation: The ECI is a constitutional body under Article 324, ensuring its independence.
76. The Election Commission of India conducts elections to which of the following offices?
a) President and Vice-President
b) Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
c) State Legislative Assemblies
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: ECI supervises elections to President, VP, Parliament, and State Legislatures.
77. Which body recommends the delimitation of constituencies?
a) Election Commission
b) Parliament
c) Delimitation Commission
d) President
Answer: c) Delimitation Commission
Explanation: Delimitation of constituencies is done by Delimitation Commission, an independent body.
78. Which constitutional authority decides on the disqualification of Members of State Legislatures?
a) Governor (after consulting ECI)
b) Election Commission
c) High Court
d) Speaker of Legislative Assembly
Answer: a) Governor (after consulting ECI)
Explanation: As per Article 192, the Governor decides, but must consult ECI.
79. Who supervises the elections to the offices of President and Vice-President?
a) Parliament
b) Election Commission of India
c) Supreme Court
d) Prime Minister
Answer: b) Election Commission of India
Explanation: ECI conducts Presidential and Vice-Presidential elections.
80. Which of the following is not correct about the Election Commission of India?
a) It conducts elections to local bodies
b) It allots symbols to political parties
c) It enforces the Model Code of Conduct
d) It supervises Presidential elections
Answer: a) It conducts elections to local bodies
Explanation: Local body elections are conducted by State Election Commissions.
81. Which Article empowers the Parliament to provide for the manner of filling seats in Rajya Sabha to be elected by States?
a) Article 80
b) Article 81
c) Article 82
d) Article 83
Answer: a) Article 80
Explanation: Article 80 deals with composition of Rajya Sabha, including election by state legislatures.
82. Which body has the power to decide disputes relating to disqualification of MPs on grounds other than defection?
a) President (after consulting ECI)
b) Parliament
c) Supreme Court
d) Prime Minister
Answer: a) President (after consulting ECI)
Explanation: Under Article 103, the President decides disqualification in consultation with ECI.
83. Which constitutional body can order repoll in case of malpractice during elections?
a) Supreme Court
b) President
c) Election Commission of India
d) Parliament
Answer: c) Election Commission of India
Explanation: ECI can order repoll under Article 324.
84. Which body is responsible for deciding whether a political party is recognized as a national or state party?
a) Parliament
b) Supreme Court
c) Election Commission
d) President
Answer: c) Election Commission
Explanation: ECI decides the status of political parties as national or state parties.
85. The Election Commission enforces the:
a) Anti-defection Law
b) Model Code of Conduct
c) Judicial Review
d) Right to Information Act
Answer: b) Model Code of Conduct
Explanation: ECI enforces the MCC to ensure free and fair elections.
86. Which of the following powers is not given to the Election Commission?
a) Conducting elections
b) Reviewing election laws
c) Allotting symbols
d) Supervising political parties
Answer: b) Reviewing election laws
Explanation: Election laws are made by Parliament; ECI only enforces them.
87. Who has the power to extend elections in a constituency in case of natural calamity?
a) President
b) Parliament
c) Election Commission
d) Supreme Court
Answer: c) Election Commission
Explanation: ECI can extend or postpone elections in case of emergencies.
88. Which landmark judgment recognized the right to vote as a statutory right?
a) Kesavananda Bharati case
b) PUCL vs Union of India
c) Indira Gandhi vs Raj Narain
d) Mohinder Singh Gill case
Answer: b) PUCL vs Union of India (2003)
Explanation: SC ruled that the right to vote is a statutory right under RPA, not a fundamental right.
89. Which Article empowers the President or Governor to consult the Election Commission regarding disqualification?
a) Article 103 & 192
b) Article 124 & 217
c) Article 326
d) Article 329
Answer: a) Article 103 & 192
Explanation: President consults ECI (Art. 103) for MPs; Governor consults ECI (Art. 192) for MLAs.
90. Which part of the Constitution contains provisions relating to elections?
a) Part IX
b) Part X
c) Part XV
d) Part XX
Answer: c) Part XV
Explanation: Part XV (Articles 324–329) contains provisions relating to elections.
91. Who decides on disqualification of members under the 10th Schedule (Anti-defection law)?
a) President
b) Speaker/Chairman of the House
c) Election Commission
d) Supreme Court
Answer: b) Speaker/Chairman of the House
Explanation: The presiding officer of the House decides under the Tenth Schedule.
92. Which Article provides for the independence of the State Election Commission?
a) Article 324
b) Article 243K
c) Article 327
d) Article 329
Answer: b) Article 243K
Explanation: Article 243K provides for State Election Commissions for local body elections.
93. The Election Commission of India functions with the help of:
a) Ministry of Law and Justice
b) Ministry of Home Affairs
c) Its own independent staff
d) Borrowed staff from Union & State Governments
Answer: d) Borrowed staff from Union & State Governments
Explanation: ECI does not have its own staff; it borrows from governments for conducting elections.
94. Which committee recommended State Funding of Elections in India?
a) Tarkunde Committee
b) Indrajit Gupta Committee
c) Dinesh Goswami Committee
d) Vohra Committee
Answer: b) Indrajit Gupta Committee (1998)
Explanation: The Indrajit Gupta Committee strongly recommended state funding of elections.
95. Which case made it compulsory for candidates to disclose their criminal records and assets?
a) Kesavananda Bharati case
b) PUCL vs Union of India case
c) Lily Thomas vs Union of India
d) Indira Gandhi vs Raj Narain case
Answer: b) PUCL vs Union of India case (2002)
Explanation: Supreme Court mandated candidates to declare assets, liabilities, and criminal records.
96. Which case led to immediate disqualification of convicted legislators?
a) Kesavananda Bharati case
b) Lily Thomas vs Union of India case
c) Mohinder Singh Gill case
d) Maneka Gandhi case
Answer: b) Lily Thomas vs Union of India case (2013)
Explanation: SC ruled that convicted legislators lose membership immediately (struck down Section 8(4) of RPA).
97. The Election Commission of India is assisted by which officers during elections?
a) Returning Officers
b) Presiding Officers
c) Chief Electoral Officers
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: ECI is assisted by a hierarchy of officers like Returning Officers, Presiding Officers, and CEOs.
98. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the Election Commission?
a) It is fully independent from Parliament
b) Its expenditure is charged on the Consolidated Fund of India
c) It can be removed by Parliament through a simple majority
d) It cannot be challenged in any court
Answer: b) Its expenditure is charged on the Consolidated Fund of India
Explanation: This safeguard ensures financial independence of ECI.
99. Who is known as the “Father of Electoral Reforms” in India?
a) Sukumar Sen
b) T. N. Seshan
c) Indrajit Gupta
d) K. R. Narayanan
Answer: b) T. N. Seshan
Explanation: T. N. Seshan is credited with enforcing strict electoral reforms in the 1990s.
100. The Election Commission of India ensures free and fair elections under which Article?
a) Article 320
b) Article 324
c) Article 326
d) Article 327
Answer: b) Article 324
Explanation: Article 324 vests in ECI the power of superintendence, direction, and control of elections.