1. The Ganga dynasty of Talakadu is also known as?
A) Southern Gangas
B) Western Gangas
C) Eastern Gangas
D) Northern Gangas
Answer: A
Explanation: They are called Southern Gangas to distinguish them from the Eastern Gangas of Kalinga (Orissa).
2. The original capital of the Gangas was?
A) Talakadu
B) Kolar
C) Mysuru
D) Shravanabelagola
Answer: B
Explanation: The Gangas first ruled from Kolar, later shifted their capital to Talakadu on the banks of Kaveri.
3. The later capital of Gangas was?
A) Banavasi
B) Talakadu
C) Shravanabelagola
D) Halebidu
Answer: B
Explanation: From Talakadu (Mysuru district), the Gangas ruled for several centuries.
4. The founder of Ganga dynasty was?
A) Madhava I
B) Konganivarma Madhava
C) Durvinita
D) Avinita
Answer: B
Explanation: The dynasty was founded by Konganivarma Madhava around 350 CE.
5. The Ganga dynasty ruled from?
A) 345–999 CE
B) 400–1100 CE
C) 500–1300 CE
D) 250–900 CE
Answer: A
Explanation: The Southern Gangas ruled for about 650 years, till the rise of Cholas in the 10th century.
6. The Gangas are believed to have originated from?
A) North India
B) West Coast of Karnataka
C) Kongu region (Tamil Nadu)
D) Andhra Pradesh
Answer: C
Explanation: Historical tradition links the Gangas to Kongu Nadu (present Tamil Nadu), though they settled in Karnataka.
7. The most famous early Ganga king was?
A) Avinita
B) Durvinita
C) Rachamalla
D) Madhava I
Answer: B
Explanation: Durvinita (529–579 CE) was the greatest early ruler, known for administration and culture.
8. Durvinita had matrimonial relations with which powerful dynasty?
A) Pallavas
B) Chalukyas
C) Kadambas
D) Guptas
Answer: B
Explanation: Durvinita married a Chalukya princess, strengthening ties with Pulakeshin I.
9. The Gangas of Talakadu were feudatories of?
A) Chalukyas of Badami
B) Rashtrakutas
C) Cholas
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: At different times, Gangas were independent, later feudatories of Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, and finally subdued by Cholas.
10. The famous Skandavarman line belonged to which dynasty?
A) Gangas of Talakadu
B) Pallavas
C) Kadambas
D) Cholas
Answer: A
Explanation: Ganga dynasty claimed descent from Ikshvaku lineage through Skandavarman.
11. Who shifted the Ganga capital from Kolar to Talakadu?
A) Durvinita
B) Harivarma
C) Avinita
D) Madhava III
Answer: A
Explanation: The capital was shifted to Talakadu during Durvinita’s rule for strategic reasons.
12. Which early Ganga king is known for defeating Pallavas?
A) Avinita
B) Durvinita
C) Rachamalla
D) Madhava I
Answer: B
Explanation: Durvinita defeated Pallavas, asserting Ganga independence.
13. The reign of which Ganga king is considered the “Golden Age” of early Gangas?
A) Madhava I
B) Durvinita
C) Avinita
D) Rachamalla II
Answer: B
Explanation: Durvinita’s reign is marked by stability, prosperity, and cultural growth.
14. Which Ganga ruler supported Buddhism in Karnataka?
A) Madhava II
B) Avinita
C) Durvinita
D) Konganivarma
Answer: C
Explanation: Durvinita is said to have supported Buddhism along with Jainism and Hinduism.
15. The Gangas of Talakadu were patrons mainly of which religion?
A) Jainism
B) Shaivism
C) Vaishnavism
D) Buddhism
Answer: A
Explanation: Jainism flourished under the Gangas, especially in Shravanabelagola.
16. Who among the following Ganga kings performed the Ashwamedha Yajna?
A) Konganivarma Madhava
B) Durvinita
C) Avinita
D) Madhava III
Answer: B
Explanation: Durvinita performed the Ashwamedha sacrifice, asserting his sovereignty.
17. Avinita, an early Ganga ruler, was the father of?
A) Durvinita
B) Rachamalla
C) Butuga I
D) Sripurusha
Answer: A
Explanation: Avinita was succeeded by his son Durvinita, the most illustrious Ganga king.
18. The Gangas issued land grants mostly in the form of?
A) Copper plate inscriptions
B) Palm leaf manuscripts
C) Oral grants
D) Rock edicts
Answer: A
Explanation: Copper plate inscriptions were used for recording land donations.
19. The earliest inscription of the Gangas has been found at?
A) Begur
B) Kolar
C) Nandi Hills
D) Shravanabelagola
Answer: B
Explanation: Early inscriptions of the Gangas are found in Kolar region, their first capital.
20. The Begur inscription (890 CE) is significant because?
A) It mentions “Bengaluru” for the first time
B) It records Durvinita’s genealogy
C) It mentions Jain temples
D) It refers to Chalukyas
Answer: A
Explanation: The Begur inscription of Ganga king Ereyappa is the earliest record mentioning “Bengaluru”.
21. Which Ganga ruler defeated Pallava king Simhavishnu?
A) Durvinita
B) Avinita
C) Sripurusha
D) Butuga I
Answer: A
Explanation: Durvinita defeated Simhavishnu Pallava, asserting Ganga power.
22. The title “Mahamandaleshwara” was adopted by?
A) Ganga feudatories
B) Ganga emperors
C) Pallava kings
D) Kadamba rulers
Answer: A
Explanation: The title was used by feudatory chiefs under Gangas and later empires.
23. The Gangas ruled mainly over?
A) Coastal Karnataka
B) Southern Karnataka & Tamil Nadu border
C) Hyderabad-Karnataka
D) Northern Karnataka
Answer: B
Explanation: Their territory included Mysuru, Mandya, Tumakuru, Kolar, Bengaluru regions.
24. Which Ganga king issued the Kanva copper plates?
A) Konganivarma Madhava
B) Durvinita
C) Avinita
D) Madhava III
Answer: C
Explanation: Avinita issued the Kanva copper plates, recording land grants.
25. The Gangas were overthrown finally by?
A) Chalukyas
B) Rashtrakutas
C) Cholas
D) Hoysalas
Answer: C
Explanation: The Cholas under Rajaraja I defeated the Gangas around 1000 CE, ending their dynasty.
26. The Ganga administration was based on division into?
A) Mandala, Vishaya, Nadu, Grama
B) Janapada, Kshetra, Village
C) Province, District, Taluk, Hobli
D) Nagara, Pattana, Seeme, Nadu
Answer: A
Explanation: Ganga empire was divided into Mandala (province) → Vishaya (district) → Nadu (sub-district) → Grama (village).
27. The chief of a Mandala under the Gangas was called?
A) Dandanayaka
B) Mahamandaleshwara
C) Vishayapati
D) Gramakuta
Answer: B
Explanation: A Mahamandaleshwara governed a Mandala and often acted like a semi-independent ruler.
28. The head of a Vishaya was known as?
A) Vishayapati
B) Durgapala
C) Nadabova
D) Gavunda
Answer: A
Explanation: Vishayapati was the district chief under Ganga rule.
29. The revenue officials under the Gangas were called?
A) Nadabovas
B) Senabhovas
C) Gavundas
D) Dandanayakas
Answer: A
Explanation: Nadabovas were accountants responsible for tax collection and record-keeping.
30. The village headman under the Gangas was called?
A) Gramakuta
B) Gavunda
C) Naduprabhu
D) Pattanaswamy
Answer: A
Explanation: The Gramakuta was the village head, assisted by Gavundas.
31. The most powerful local elite class under the Gangas were?
A) Gavundas
B) Brahmadeyas
C) Dandanayakas
D) Mahajanas
Answer: A
Explanation: Gavundas were wealthy landlords and military supporters, crucial to Ganga administration.
32. The army commander under the Gangas was called?
A) Dandanayaka
B) Senabhova
C) Durgapala
D) Mahadandanayaka
Answer: A
Explanation: The Dandanayaka was the chief of the armed forces.
33. The Ganga land revenue system was based on?
A) Fixed tax on trade
B) Share of agricultural produce
C) Military service tax
D) Temple donations
Answer: B
Explanation: Farmers paid a portion of their agricultural produce as land revenue.
34. The unit of land revenue measurement under the Gangas was?
A) Gadyana
B) Kula
C) Kamba
D) Bhoga
Answer: D
Explanation: Bhoga was the unit of assessment of land and tax.
35. The most common land grants issued by the Gangas were?
A) Brahmadeya and Devadana
B) Jagirs
C) Ryotwari
D) Zamindari
Answer: A
Explanation: Gangas granted land to Brahmins (Brahmadeya) and temples (Devadana).
36. Which religious group flourished the most under Ganga patronage?
A) Jains
B) Buddhists
C) Shaivites
D) Vaishnavites
Answer: A
Explanation: The Gangas were major patrons of Jainism, especially in Shravanabelagola.
37. The most important Jain center under the Gangas was?
A) Halebidu
B) Shravanabelagola
C) Belur
D) Talakadu
Answer: B
Explanation: Shravanabelagola became the foremost Jain religious center due to Ganga patronage.
38. The famous Gommateshwara statue at Shravanabelagola was built by?
A) Durvinita
B) Chavundaraya
C) Sripurusha
D) Rachamalla
Answer: B
Explanation: Chavundaraya, a Ganga minister and general, constructed the 57-feet tall monolithic statue of Bahubali in 981 CE.
39. The language used in most Ganga inscriptions was?
A) Kannada and Sanskrit
B) Prakrit
C) Tamil
D) Telugu
Answer: A
Explanation: Inscriptions were usually in Kannada (administrative) and Sanskrit (eulogies).
40. The Ganga kings used which script in their records?
A) Nagari
B) Brahmi & Kadamba
C) Nandinagari & Kannada script
D) Grantha
Answer: C
Explanation: The Gangas used early Kannada script and Nandinagari script.
41. The title “Satyavakya” was adopted by which Ganga ruler?
A) Sripurusha
B) Durvinita
C) Rachamalla
D) Butuga II
Answer: A
Explanation: King Sripurusha assumed the title “Satyavakya” after his victories.
42. The literary work “Chavundaraya Purana” (Trishashtilakshana Mahapurana) was written by?
A) Chavundaraya
B) Durvinita
C) Ranna
D) Pampa
Answer: A
Explanation: Chavundaraya wrote the first Kannada prose work, a Jain text summarizing Puranas.
43. The Begur inscription (c. 890 CE) belongs to which Ganga king?
A) Ereyappa
B) Sripurusha
C) Durvinita
D) Butuga II
Answer: A
Explanation: The Begur inscription of Ereyappa mentions “Bengaluru” for the first time.
44. The term “Mahajanas” in Ganga period refers to?
A) Landlords
B) Temple authorities
C) Assemblies of learned Brahmins
D) Revenue officers
Answer: C
Explanation: Mahajanas were councils of learned Brahmins who managed land grants and temples.
45. The religious tolerance of Gangas is seen from their patronage of?
A) Jainism
B) Shaivism
C) Vaishnavism
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: While Jainism dominated, the Gangas also supported Shaiva and Vaishnava temples.
46. The main economic base of Ganga kingdom was?
A) Agriculture
B) Trade
C) Maritime activities
D) Handicrafts
Answer: A
Explanation: Wet and dry farming was the backbone of Ganga economy.
47. The Ganga kings encouraged irrigation by?
A) Building tanks and canals
B) Rainwater harvesting
C) Digging wells only
D) Importing water technology
Answer: A
Explanation: They constructed tanks (kere), canals, bunds to improve agriculture.
48. The society under the Gangas was characterized by?
A) Vedic caste system
B) Feudal landlordism (Gavundas)
C) Rise of Jain influence
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: Ganga society combined caste, feudal Gavunda system, and Jain religious influence.
49. The practice of hero stones (virgal) was common during Ganga period to commemorate?
A) Merchants
B) Farmers
C) Warriors who died in battle
D) Kings only
Answer: C
Explanation: Virgal stones recorded the bravery of warriors, a tradition flourishing under Gangas.
50. The unique social practice supported by Gangas was?
A) Sallekhana (ritual death by fasting)
B) Widow remarriage
C) Matrilineal inheritance
D) Slavery abolition
Answer: A
Explanation: As Jain patrons, Gangas respected Sallekhana – voluntary fasting to death practiced by monks and some laymen.
51. The Ganga military was organized into?
A) Infantry, cavalry, elephants, chariots
B) Only infantry and cavalry
C) Navy and cavalry
D) Infantry and archers
Answer: A
Explanation: The Gangas maintained the traditional Chaturanga Bala (fourfold army).
52. The commander-in-chief of the Ganga army was called?
A) Dandanayaka
B) Senadhipati
C) Mahamandaleshwara
D) Nadabova
Answer: A
Explanation: Dandanayaka was the chief military officer.
53. Which Ganga king fought against Pallavas successfully?
A) Durvinita
B) Avinita
C) Sripurusha
D) Rachamalla II
Answer: A
Explanation: Durvinita defeated Pallavas, consolidating Ganga power.
54. The famous battle of Vilande (c. 750 CE) was fought between?
A) Gangas and Chalukyas
B) Gangas and Rashtrakutas
C) Gangas and Pallavas
D) Gangas and Cholas
Answer: C
Explanation: Sripurusha Ganga defeated Pallava king Nandivarman at Vilande.
55. Which Ganga king assumed the title “Permadi”?
A) Avinita
B) Durvinita
C) Sripurusha
D) Butuga II
Answer: C
Explanation: Sripurusha adopted the title “Permadi” after his victory at Vilande.
56. Sripurusha’s rule was noted for?
A) Peace and prosperity
B) Defeating Pallavas
C) Patronizing Jainism
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: Sripurusha (726–788 CE) brought stability, victory, and Jain patronage.
57. The Gangas became feudatories of Rashtrakutas during whose reign?
A) Avinita
B) Durvinita
C) Sripurusha
D) Rachamalla I
Answer: D
Explanation: By Rachamalla I’s time (9th century), Gangas accepted Rashtrakuta overlordship.
58. Which Rashtrakuta king maintained close ties with the Gangas?
A) Dantidurga
B) Govinda III
C) Amoghavarsha I
D) Krishna I
Answer: C
Explanation: Amoghavarsha I married a Ganga princess; Gangas supported Rashtrakutas militarily.
59. The famous Ganga general and minister, Chavundaraya, served under which kings?
A) Avinita and Durvinita
B) Butuga II and Marasimha II
C) Sripurusha and Rachamalla
D) Ereyappa and Srivikrama
Answer: B
Explanation: Chavundaraya (10th century) was minister and commander under Butuga II and Marasimha II.
60. The Rashtrakuta king Krishna III rewarded Butuga II with large territories for helping him defeat?
A) Cholas at Takkolam
B) Pallavas at Vilande
C) Chalukyas at Badami
D) Hoysalas at Belur
Answer: A
Explanation: In the Battle of Takkolam (949 CE), Butuga II helped Rashtrakutas defeat Cholas, gaining lands.
61. The Battle of Takkolam (949 CE) was fought between?
A) Rashtrakutas (with Gangas) vs. Cholas
B) Gangas vs. Pallavas
C) Chalukyas vs. Gangas
D) Hoysalas vs. Cholas
Answer: A
Explanation: Butuga II fought alongside Rashtrakutas against Chola prince Rajaditya, who was killed in battle.
62. The death of Chola prince Rajaditya at Takkolam was caused by?
A) Krishna III himself
B) Butuga II (with help of a Ganga warrior)
C) Chavundaraya
D) Hoysalas
Answer: B
Explanation: Butuga II’s Ganga army killed Rajaditya, securing Rashtrakuta victory.
63. The decline of Rashtrakutas weakened the Gangas and led to rise of?
A) Hoysalas
B) Cholas
C) Vijayanagara
D) Bahmanis
Answer: B
Explanation: With Rashtrakuta decline (late 10th century), Cholas invaded Karnataka and defeated Gangas.
64. The last important ruler of Gangas before Chola conquest was?
A) Durvinita
B) Sripurusha
C) Rachamalla IV
D) Marasimha II
Answer: C
Explanation: Rachamalla IV (975–986 CE) was among the last independent rulers before Chola domination.
65. After Gangas, Talakadu was occupied by?
A) Cholas under Rajaraja I
B) Hoysalas under Vishnuvardhana
C) Chalukyas of Badami
D) Vijayanagara kings
Answer: A
Explanation: Rajaraja Chola I conquered Talakadu around 1000 CE.
66. Which Ganga ruler bore the title “Satya Vākya”?
A) Durvinita
B) Sripurusha
C) Rachamalla I
D) Butuga II
Answer: B
Explanation: Sripurusha assumed the title Satya Vākya, meaning “Truthful Word.”
67. The Gangas were sometimes called?
A) Ganga Mahamandaleshwaras
B) Ganga-nadichakravartis
C) Konganivarmas
D) Western Gangas
Answer: D
Explanation: Historians also call them Western (Southern) Gangas, distinct from Eastern Gangas of Kalinga.
68. The Ganga kingdom was mainly located in?
A) Northern Karnataka
B) Southern Karnataka (Mysuru–Kolar region)
C) Coastal Karnataka
D) Maharashtra
Answer: B
Explanation: Gangas ruled southern Karnataka, parts of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.
69. The feudal class of warriors who supported Gangas militarily were?
A) Mahajanas
B) Gavundas
C) Dandanayakas
D) Nadabovas
Answer: B
Explanation: Gavundas were powerful landlords, providing troops and resources to the Ganga state.
70. The Ganga kings adopted the title “Permanadi” to signify?
A) Independent sovereignty
B) Feudal loyalty
C) Devotion to Jainism
D) Temple patronage
Answer: A
Explanation: “Permanadi” indicated supreme royal authority.
71. The Gangas were subjugated by Cholas during the reign of?
A) Rajaraja I
B) Rajendra I
C) Kulottunga I
D) Aditya I
Answer: A
Explanation: Rajaraja Chola I (985–1014 CE) conquered Ganga territory.
72. Which Ganga feudatory continued to hold influence under Cholas?
A) Chavundaraya’s family
B) Butuga’s descendants
C) Nolambas
D) Konganivarma’s descendants
Answer: B
Explanation: Some Butuga line descendants held small territories under Cholas.
73. The military role of Gangas is remembered today through which monument?
A) Gommateshwara statue
B) Hero stones (Virgal)
C) Belur temples
D) Banavasi temple
Answer: B
Explanation: Virgal (hero stones) were erected to honor Ganga warriors who died in battle.
74. Which Ganga king minted coins with the legend “Bhadradipa”?
A) Durvinita
B) Sripurusha
C) Rachamalla
D) Butuga II
Answer: B
Explanation: Sripurusha’s coins carried the legend “Bhadradipa”, meaning “auspicious lamp.”
75. The legacy of the Ganga military and culture is best preserved at?
A) Hampi
B) Talakadu and Shravanabelagola
C) Halebidu
D) Aihole
Answer: B
Explanation: Ganga heritage survives at Talakadu (capital ruins) and Shravanabelagola (Jain monuments, hero stones).
76. The Gangas of Talakadu are remembered mainly for their patronage of?
A) Jainism
B) Buddhism
C) Islam
D) Christianity
Answer: A
Explanation: The Gangas are most remembered for Jain patronage, especially the Gommateshwara statue at Shravanabelagola.
77. The famous Gommateshwara statue at Shravanabelagola represents?
A) Mahavira
B) Bahubali
C) Rishabhanatha
D) Neminatha
Answer: B
Explanation: The 57-feet monolith represents Bahubali, son of Jain Tirthankara Rishabhanatha.
78. The Gommateshwara statue was consecrated in which year?
A) 600 CE
B) 890 CE
C) 981 CE
D) 1050 CE
Answer: C
Explanation: Chavundaraya built the Gommateshwara statue in 981 CE.
79. The material used to build the Gommateshwara statue is?
A) Granite
B) Sandstone
C) Marble
D) Basalt
Answer: A
Explanation: The statue is carved out of a single block of granite, one of the largest monolithic statues in the world.
80. The Ganga rulers issued inscriptions mainly in?
A) Kannada and Sanskrit
B) Pali and Prakrit
C) Tamil and Telugu
D) Marathi and Persian
Answer: A
Explanation: Kannada was used for administration, Sanskrit for eulogies and religious texts.
81. The Begur inscription (890 CE) is important because it mentions?
A) Bengaluru
B) Talakadu
C) Shravanabelagola
D) Kolar
Answer: A
Explanation: It is the earliest record of the name Bengaluru, under Ganga rule.
82. The “Satya Vākya” title was commonly used by?
A) Rashtrakutas
B) Hoysalas
C) Ganga rulers
D) Cholas
Answer: C
Explanation: Satya Vākya became a dynastic title of Ganga kings.
83. The Nolamba dynasty was closely allied with?
A) Gangas
B) Pallavas
C) Cholas
D) Hoysalas
Answer: A
Explanation: The Nolambas were Ganga feudatories ruling parts of Andhra–Karnataka.
84. The Gangas are credited with which architectural contribution?
A) Kadamba Nagara style
B) Early Dravidian style in Karnataka
C) Hoysala star-shaped temples
D) Vijayanagara gopuras
Answer: B
Explanation: They built early stone temples in Dravidian style, e.g., at Talakadu.
85. The famous Panchakuta Basadi (five shrined Jain temple) at Kambadahalli was built by?
A) Sripurusha
B) Rachamalla II
C) Marasimha II
D) Chavundaraya
Answer: C
Explanation: The Panchakuta Basadi at Kambadahalli (near Mandya) is a Ganga-period Jain temple.
86. The “Chavundaraya Purana” is written in?
A) Kannada prose
B) Kannada poetry
C) Sanskrit
D) Tamil
Answer: A
Explanation: Chavundaraya Purana (978 CE) is the first extant Kannada prose work.
87. The Gangas encouraged which practice in honor of warriors?
A) Hero stones (Virgal)
B) Naval expeditions
C) Sangam assemblies
D) Temple car festivals
Answer: A
Explanation: Virgal (memorial stones) honored warriors who died in battle.
88. Which practice of Jainism was respected under Ganga patronage?
A) Sallekhana (ritual fasting to death)
B) Idol worship
C) Fire sacrifice
D) Temple donations only
Answer: A
Explanation: The Gangas respected Sallekhana, a Jain vow of peaceful death by fasting.
89. The last known independent Ganga king was?
A) Rachamalla IV
B) Marasimha II
C) Durvinita
D) Avinita
Answer: A
Explanation: Rachamalla IV (975–986 CE) was the last strong ruler before Chola conquest.
90. Which Chola king conquered Gangavadi (southern Karnataka)?
A) Rajaraja I
B) Rajendra I
C) Kulottunga I
D) Aditya I
Answer: A
Explanation: Rajaraja I defeated the Gangas around 1000 CE, annexing Gangavadi.
91. The Gangas are linked with which famous inscriptional evidence for women warriors?
A) Begur inscription
B) Hero stones
C) Atakur inscription
D) Kambadahalli inscription
Answer: C
Explanation: The Atakur inscription mentions women warriors who died in battle.
92. The Atakur inscription (near Mysuru) commemorates the victory of?
A) Butuga II with Rashtrakutas over Cholas
B) Durvinita over Pallavas
C) Sripurusha over Pallavas
D) Nolambas over Hoysalas
Answer: A
Explanation: It records Butuga II’s victory in the Battle of Takkolam (949 CE).
93. The Gangas contributed most to the development of?
A) Kannada literature
B) Tamil Sangam works
C) Persian chronicles
D) Telugu poetry
Answer: A
Explanation: They patronized early Kannada prose, poetry, and inscriptions.
94. Who among the following poets was patronized by Gangas?
A) Ranna
B) Ponna
C) Pampa
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: The “Three gems of Kannada literature” – Pampa, Ponna, Ranna – had indirect links with Ganga–Rashtrakuta culture.
95. The political importance of Gangas declined mainly because?
A) Internal feuds
B) Rashtrakuta decline
C) Chola invasions
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: Weak rulers, loss of Rashtrakuta support, and Chola expansion caused Ganga downfall.
96. The Gangas were absorbed into which empire after their fall?
A) Chalukyas of Kalyani
B) Cholas
C) Hoysalas
D) Vijayanagara
Answer: B
Explanation: Their kingdom, Gangavadi, became part of the Chola empire.
97. The Gangas’ contribution to temple architecture is seen in?
A) Dravidian style with simple towers
B) Hoysala stellate temples
C) Vijayanagara gopuras
D) Chola vimanas
Answer: A
Explanation: Ganga temples were early Dravidian shrines with plain shikharas.
98. The Gangas’ long rule (350–1000 CE) is significant because?
A) They bridged early and medieval Karnataka dynasties
B) They patronized Jainism
C) They promoted Kannada
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: Gangas’ contribution is political continuity, Jain patronage, and language promotion.
99. The annual festival held at Shravanabelagola in honor of Bahubali is?
A) Dasara
B) Mahamastakabhisheka
C) Rathotsava
D) Kadambotsava
Answer: B
Explanation: Mahamastakabhisheka (every 12 years) is the grand anointing of Bahubali statue.
100. The greatest legacy of the Gangas of Talakadu in Karnataka history is?
A) Military power
B) Economic prosperity
C) Jain art, architecture & Kannada culture
D) Maritime trade
Answer: C
Explanation: The Gangas’ true legacy lies in Jain monuments (Shravanabelagola), Kannada inscriptions, and cultural patronage.