1. The decline of the Mughal Empire began after the death of:
a) Akbar
b) Aurangzeb
c) Shah Jahan
d) Bahadur Shah I
Answer: b) Aurangzeb
Explanation: Aurangzeb’s death (1707) marked the beginning of Mughal decline.
2. The chief cause of Mughal decline was:
a) Weak successors
b) Financial crisis
c) Maratha resistance
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Decline was due to political, military, and economic weaknesses.
3. The Mughal “jagirdari crisis” meant:
a) Shortage of jagirs (land assignments)
b) Excess land for peasants
c) End of mansabdari system
d) Loss of Delhi
Answer: a) Shortage of jagirs
Explanation: There was a shortage of jagirs, causing discontent among nobles.
4. Who was the first Mughal emperor after Aurangzeb?
a) Jahandar Shah
b) Bahadur Shah I
c) Farrukhsiyar
d) Muhammad Shah
Answer: b) Bahadur Shah I
Explanation: He ruled from 1707–1712 as Shah Alam I.
5. The Sayyid Brothers were popularly known as:
a) Badshah-makers
b) Empire-builders
c) Mughal defenders
d) Rajput allies
Answer: a) Badshah-makers
Explanation: They controlled Mughal politics, installing puppet emperors.
6. The 1717 Farman of Farrukhsiyar granted:
a) Portuguese trade monopoly
b) British duty-free trade in Bengal
c) French naval rights
d) Dutch customs-free ports
Answer: b) British duty-free trade in Bengal
Explanation: This greatly helped East India Company.
7. The invasion of Nadir Shah occurred in:
a) 1739
b) 1748
c) 1757
d) 1761
Answer: a) 1739
Explanation: Nadir Shah defeated Mughals at Battle of Karnal.
8. The Peacock Throne and Koh-i-Noor diamond were taken by:
a) Ahmad Shah Abdali
b) Nadir Shah
c) British
d) Portuguese
Answer: b) Nadir Shah
Explanation: He looted Delhi’s treasures in 1739.
9. Ahmad Shah Abdali invaded India:
a) 3 times
b) 5 times
c) 7 times
d) 9 times
Answer: d) 9 times
Explanation: He invaded nine times between 1748–1767.
10. The Third Battle of Panipat (1761) was fought between:
a) Mughals and Marathas
b) Marathas and Abdali
c) British and French
d) British and Marathas
Answer: b) Marathas and Abdali
Explanation: Abdali defeated Marathas, a major turning point.
11. The later Mughals became pensioners of:
a) Marathas first, then British
b) Sikhs
c) Portuguese
d) Jats
Answer: a) Marathas first, then British
Explanation: Mughals were reduced to dependence on others.
12. The Mughal emperor during the Battle of Plassey (1757) was:
a) Alamgir II
b) Shah Alam II
c) Muhammad Shah
d) Farrukhsiyar
Answer: a) Alamgir II
Explanation: Alamgir II was nominal emperor, power lay with Bengal Nawab.
13. The Mughal emperor defeated at Buxar (1764) was:
a) Farrukhsiyar
b) Shah Alam II
c) Bahadur Shah I
d) Muhammad Shah
Answer: b) Shah Alam II
Explanation: He allied with Shuja-ud-Daulah & Mir Qasim, but lost.
14. Which treaty granted the British Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa?
a) Treaty of Plassey
b) Treaty of Allahabad (1765)
c) Treaty of Pondicherry
d) Treaty of Paris
Answer: b) Treaty of Allahabad (1765)
Explanation: Signed with Shah Alam II.
15. Which Mughal ruler was the last effective emperor?
a) Aurangzeb
b) Bahadur Shah I
c) Muhammad Shah
d) Bahadur Shah II
Answer: a) Aurangzeb
Explanation: After him, the Mughals rapidly declined.
16. The Mughal emperor during the Revolt of 1857 was:
a) Shah Alam II
b) Bahadur Shah II (Zafar)
c) Akbar Shah II
d) Alamgir II
Answer: b) Bahadur Shah II (Zafar)
Explanation: He was the last Mughal emperor.
17. Bahadur Shah II was deported to:
a) Mauritius
b) Rangoon (Burma)
c) Calcutta
d) Delhi
Answer: b) Rangoon (Burma)
Explanation: British exiled him after 1857 Revolt.
18. Which Mughal emperor issued the farman recognizing Raja Ram Mohan Roy?
a) Muhammad Shah
b) Akbar Shah II
c) Shah Alam II
d) Bahadur Shah II
Answer: b) Akbar Shah II
Explanation: He gave the title “Raja” to Rammohan Roy.
19. The Battle of Karnal (1739) showed:
a) Mughal military weakness
b) French naval power
c) Maratha supremacy
d) Sikh uprising
Answer: a) Mughal military weakness
Explanation: Mughal army collapsed against Nadir Shah.
20. The Mughal empire fragmented because:
a) Nobles became powerful
b) Provinces became independent
c) Central control collapsed
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Mughal authority was reduced to Delhi alone.
21. The court of later Mughals was dominated by:
a) Strong emperors
b) Nobles and wazirs
c) European advisors
d) Rajputs
Answer: b) Nobles and wazirs
Explanation: Emperors became puppets of factions.
22. The emperor called “Rangeela” was:
a) Shah Alam II
b) Muhammad Shah
c) Bahadur Shah I
d) Alamgir II
Answer: b) Muhammad Shah
Explanation: He was known as Muhammad Shah Rangeela.
23. After Nadir Shah’s invasion, Delhi became:
a) Stronger than before
b) Politically insignificant
c) A British base
d) Maratha capital
Answer: b) Politically insignificant
Explanation: Delhi lost wealth & prestige.
24. The Mughal army could not resist Europeans because:
a) It was outdated
b) Lack of funds
c) Nobles disloyal
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Mughal army was backward compared to European-trained forces.
25. Which foreign invasion directly weakened Mughal prestige most?
a) Abdali’s invasions
b) Nadir Shah’s invasion (1739)
c) British at Plassey
d) Maratha raids
Answer: b) Nadir Shah’s invasion (1739)
Explanation: It destroyed Mughal authority and encouraged others.
26. Who founded the autonomous state of Bengal?
a) Alivardi Khan
b) Murshid Quli Khan
c) Siraj-ud-Daulah
d) Shuja-ud-Daulah
Answer: b) Murshid Quli Khan
Explanation: He became Nawab of Bengal in 1717, virtually independent of Mughals.
27. Who succeeded Murshid Quli Khan in Bengal?
a) Alivardi Khan
b) Shuja-ud-Daulah
c) Siraj-ud-Daulah
d) Saadat Khan
Answer: a) Alivardi Khan
Explanation: Alivardi Khan (1740–1756) consolidated Bengal’s independence.
28. The last independent Nawab of Bengal before British rule was:
a) Alivardi Khan
b) Siraj-ud-Daulah
c) Mir Jafar
d) Mir Qasim
Answer: b) Siraj-ud-Daulah
Explanation: He was defeated by the British at Plassey (1757).
29. Who founded the autonomous state of Awadh?
a) Shuja-ud-Daulah
b) Asaf-ud-Daula
c) Saadat Khan Burhan-ul-Mulk
d) Murshid Quli Khan
Answer: c) Saadat Khan Burhan-ul-Mulk
Explanation: He became Nawab of Awadh in 1722.
30. The Awadh rulers were known for:
a) Efficient administration
b) Agricultural prosperity
c) Patronage of art and culture
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Awadh became a rich cultural and agricultural state.
31. Who founded the autonomous state of Hyderabad?
a) Nizam-ul-Mulk (Asaf Jah I)
b) Alivardi Khan
c) Murshid Quli Khan
d) Shuja-ud-Daulah
Answer: a) Nizam-ul-Mulk (Asaf Jah I)
Explanation: He established Hyderabad in 1724, independent of Mughals.
32. Which dynasty ruled Hyderabad after the decline of Mughals?
a) Sayyids
b) Nizams (Asaf Jahis)
c) Marathas
d) Jats
Answer: b) Nizams (Asaf Jahis)
Explanation: The Nizams ruled Hyderabad until 1948.
33. The most powerful regional state in 18th century India was:
a) Bengal
b) Awadh
c) Hyderabad
d) Maratha Confederacy
Answer: d) Maratha Confederacy
Explanation: Marathas emerged as the dominant Indian power.
34. The Marathas became powerful under:
a) Shivaji
b) Peshwa Baji Rao I
c) Madhavrao I
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Marathas rose under Shivaji, expanded under Baji Rao I, and consolidated under Madhavrao.
35. The Marathas aimed to establish:
a) Swarajya
b) Mughal alliance
c) Hindu Pad Padshahi (Hindu Empire)
d) Sikh Confederacy
Answer: c) Hindu Pad Padshahi (Hindu Empire)
Explanation: They sought to replace Mughals with Maratha supremacy.
36. The Maratha Confederacy was organized under:
a) Shivaji
b) Shahu
c) Peshwas
d) Holkars
Answer: c) Peshwas
Explanation: Peshwas at Pune controlled the confederacy of Maratha chiefs.
37. Who was the most successful Maratha Peshwa?
a) Balaji Vishwanath
b) Baji Rao I
c) Balaji Baji Rao (Nana Saheb)
d) Madhavrao I
Answer: b) Baji Rao I
Explanation: He expanded Maratha influence across North and Central India.
38. The Third Battle of Panipat (1761) marked the:
a) Final defeat of Mughals
b) Defeat of Marathas by Abdali
c) British victory over French
d) Rise of Sikhs
Answer: b) Defeat of Marathas by Abdali
Explanation: It checked Maratha expansion in North India.
39. The Jats became powerful under:
a) Suraj Mal
b) Badan Singh
c) Ranjit Singh
d) Banda Bahadur
Answer: a) Suraj Mal
Explanation: He established a Jat kingdom at Bharatpur.
40. The Jat kingdom was centered around:
a) Mathura and Bharatpur
b) Lahore
c) Pune
d) Delhi
Answer: a) Mathura and Bharatpur
Explanation: These became the centers of Jat power.
41. The Sikhs rose to power under:
a) Guru Gobind Singh
b) Banda Singh Bahadur
c) Misls (confederacies)
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Sikhs united into misls, then consolidated under Ranjit Singh.
42. Banda Singh Bahadur was executed by the Mughals in:
a) 1705
b) 1716
c) 1720
d) 1739
Answer: b) 1716
Explanation: Banda Bahadur was captured and executed in Delhi.
43. The Sikh misls finally united under:
a) Banda Bahadur
b) Ranjit Singh
c) Maharaja Dalip Singh
d) Guru Gobind Singh
Answer: b) Ranjit Singh
Explanation: He founded the Sikh Empire in Punjab in 1799.
44. Mysore rose as a regional power under:
a) Haider Ali
b) Tipu Sultan
c) Wodeyars
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Wodeyars founded Mysore; Haider Ali and Tipu made it powerful.
45. Haider Ali came to power in Mysore in:
a) 1748
b) 1757
c) 1761
d) 1769
Answer: c) 1761
Explanation: He established himself after the decline of Wodeyars.
46. Tipu Sultan was also known as:
a) The Tiger of Mysore
b) Lion of Punjab
c) Kingmaker
d) The Great Wazir
Answer: a) The Tiger of Mysore
Explanation: Tipu Sultan was famous for his resistance to the British.
47. The Rohillas established themselves in:
a) Bengal
b) Awadh
c) Rohilkhand (U.P.)
d) Punjab
Answer: c) Rohilkhand (U.P.)
Explanation: Afghan chiefs established Rohilkhand in U.P..
48. The Rohillas were finally defeated by:
a) Marathas
b) Sikhs
c) British and Awadh
d) French
Answer: c) British and Awadh
Explanation: Rohillas were crushed in the Rohilla War (1774).
49. Which regional state became the richest after Mughal decline?
a) Bengal
b) Awadh
c) Hyderabad
d) Mysore
Answer: a) Bengal
Explanation: Bengal was the wealthiest province, attracting Europeans.
50. The rise of regional states in 18th century India shows:
a) Decentralization of Mughal power
b) Growth of regional identities
c) Weakness of central authority
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: India fragmented into independent regional powers.
51. The main European powers competing in India in the 18th century were:
a) Portuguese and Dutch
b) British and French
c) Danes and Russians
d) Spanish and Dutch
Answer: b) British and French
Explanation: By the mid-18th century, the Anglo-French rivalry dominated India.
52. The Carnatic Wars were fought mainly in:
a) Bengal
b) Carnatic region (Coromandel Coast)
c) Punjab
d) Gujarat
Answer: b) Carnatic region (Coromandel Coast)
Explanation: These wars were part of the global Anglo-French rivalry.
53. The First Carnatic War (1746–1748) was part of:
a) Austrian War of Succession
b) Seven Years’ War
c) Napoleonic Wars
d) Hundred Years’ War
Answer: a) Austrian War of Succession
Explanation: The Anglo-French struggle in India reflected the European conflict.
54. The First Carnatic War began with:
a) Capture of Arcot
b) Capture of Madras by the French
c) Battle of Wandiwash
d) Battle of Buxar
Answer: b) Capture of Madras by the French
Explanation: In 1746, La Bourdonnais (French) captured Madras from the British.
55. The Battle of St. Thome (1746) showed:
a) Mughal supremacy
b) European-trained troops defeating Indian armies
c) Portuguese revival
d) Dutch victory
Answer: b) European-trained troops defeating Indian armies
Explanation: The French with few soldiers defeated the Nawab’s 10,000 army.
56. The First Carnatic War ended with:
a) Treaty of Pondicherry (1748)
b) Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)
c) Treaty of Paris (1763)
d) Treaty of Alinagar (1757)
Answer: b) Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)
Explanation: The treaty restored Madras to the British.
57. The Second Carnatic War (1749–1754) was fought mainly over:
a) Austrian succession
b) Disputed succession in Hyderabad and Carnatic
c) British conquest of Bengal
d) Maratha raids
Answer: b) Disputed succession in Hyderabad and Carnatic
Explanation: French supported Chanda Sahib, British supported Muhammad Ali.
58. The hero of the Siege of Arcot (1751) was:
a) Dupleix
b) Robert Clive
c) Eyre Coote
d) Warren Hastings
Answer: b) Robert Clive
Explanation: Clive’s defense of Arcot boosted British prestige.
59. The Second Carnatic War ended with:
a) Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
b) Treaty of Pondicherry (1754)
c) Treaty of Paris (1763)
d) Treaty of Allahabad
Answer: b) Treaty of Pondicherry (1754)
Explanation: Muhammad Ali recognized as Nawab of Carnatic.
60. The French Governor-General recalled to France after failure in Second Carnatic War was:
a) La Bourdonnais
b) Dupleix
c) Bussy
d) Lally
Answer: b) Dupleix
Explanation: Dupleix’s ambitions failed due to British and lack of French support.
61. The Third Carnatic War (1757–1763) coincided with:
a) War of Spanish Succession
b) Seven Years’ War
c) American War of Independence
d) First Anglo-Mysore War
Answer: b) Seven Years’ War
Explanation: It was part of the global Anglo-French conflict.
62. The decisive battle of the Third Carnatic War was:
a) Battle of Arcot
b) Battle of Plassey
c) Battle of Wandiwash (1760)
d) Battle of Buxar
Answer: c) Battle of Wandiwash (1760)
Explanation: British under Eyre Coote defeated French under Lally.
63. The French general defeated at Wandiwash was:
a) Dupleix
b) La Bourdonnais
c) Count de Lally
d) Bussy
Answer: c) Count de Lally
Explanation: His defeat marked the end of French ambitions in India.
64. After Wandiwash, the British captured the French capital in India at:
a) Pondicherry (1761)
b) Chandernagore
c) Goa
d) Karaikal
Answer: a) Pondicherry (1761)
Explanation: Pondicherry fell, ending French political power in India.
65. The Third Carnatic War ended with:
a) Treaty of Pondicherry
b) Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
c) Treaty of Paris (1763)
d) Treaty of Allahabad
Answer: c) Treaty of Paris (1763)
Explanation: French retained small trading posts but lost military rights.
66. After 1763, French possessions in India included:
a) Pondicherry, Karaikal, Mahe, Yanam, Chandernagore
b) Goa and Diu
c) Bombay and Calcutta
d) Tranquebar and Cochin
Answer: a) Pondicherry, Karaikal, Mahe, Yanam, Chandernagore
Explanation: They could only trade, not fortify or keep armies.
67. The main reason for British victory over the French was:
a) Naval superiority
b) Better finances
c) Support from Parliament and Company
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: British combined naval, financial, and political strength.
68. The main weakness of the French in India was:
a) Lack of strong navy
b) Neglect by home government
c) Failure of leadership after Dupleix
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: French were more focused on European wars.
69. Who was the French officer who maintained influence in Hyderabad?
a) Dupleix
b) Bussy
c) Lally
d) La Bourdonnais
Answer: b) Bussy
Explanation: He kept French influence in Deccan politics.
70. The Anglo-French rivalry in India was ultimately decided by:
a) Land battles
b) Naval power
c) Mughal support
d) Maratha alliance
Answer: b) Naval power
Explanation: British navy ensured supplies and reinforcements, unlike French.
71. Which battle confirmed British supremacy in South India?
a) Battle of Arcot
b) Battle of Wandiwash
c) Battle of Plassey
d) Battle of Buxar
Answer: b) Battle of Wandiwash
Explanation: It was the Waterloo of the French in India.
72. The First European power to arrive in India was:
a) British
b) Dutch
c) Portuguese
d) French
Answer: c) Portuguese
Explanation: They arrived in 1498 (Vasco da Gama).
73. Which European power finally replaced the Mughals as supreme rulers?
a) Portuguese
b) French
c) British
d) Dutch
Answer: c) British
Explanation: British success in Bengal and Carnatic ensured supremacy.
74. The Anglo-French struggle in India was part of:
a) Indian politics alone
b) Global Anglo-French colonial rivalry
c) Portuguese revival
d) Maratha expansion
Answer: b) Global Anglo-French colonial rivalry
Explanation: These wars mirrored European wars of succession and Seven Years’ War.
75. The failure of French in India ensured:
a) Portuguese revival
b) Maratha expansion
c) British colonial empire
d) Mughal revival
Answer: c) British colonial empire
Explanation: After 1763, the British were left unchallenged in India.
76. The Battle of Plassey was fought in:
a) 1748
b) 1757
c) 1761
d) 1764
Answer: b) 1757
Explanation: It was fought between Siraj-ud-Daulah and British under Clive.
77. The immediate cause of the Battle of Plassey was:
a) British refusal to pay customs
b) Siraj-ud-Daulah’s capture of Fort William, Calcutta
c) French-British rivalry
d) Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
Answer: b) Siraj-ud-Daulah’s capture of Fort William, Calcutta
Explanation: He attacked British settlements, provoking war.
78. The British commander at Plassey was:
a) Eyre Coote
b) Robert Clive
c) Warren Hastings
d) Stringer Lawrence
Answer: b) Robert Clive
Explanation: Clive masterminded the victory at Plassey.
79. The victory at Plassey was secured mainly due to:
a) British military superiority
b) Treachery of Mir Jafar and others
c) French withdrawal
d) Mughal support
Answer: b) Treachery of Mir Jafar and others
Explanation: Mir Jafar, commander of Nawab’s army, betrayed Siraj-ud-Daulah.
80. The Battle of Plassey made the British masters of:
a) Bengal
b) Deccan
c) Carnatic
d) Awadh
Answer: a) Bengal
Explanation: Bengal became the base of British expansion.
81. After Plassey, who was installed as Nawab of Bengal?
a) Mir Qasim
b) Mir Jafar
c) Alivardi Khan
d) Siraj-ud-Daulah
Answer: b) Mir Jafar
Explanation: He was made puppet Nawab by the British.
82. The Battle of Buxar (1764) was fought between:
a) British and Siraj-ud-Daulah
b) British and Nadir Shah
c) British vs Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daulah & Shah Alam II
d) British and French
Answer: c) British vs Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daulah & Shah Alam II
Explanation: It was a decisive British victory.
83. The British commander at the Battle of Buxar was:
a) Eyre Coote
b) Robert Clive
c) Hector Munro
d) Stringer Lawrence
Answer: c) Hector Munro
Explanation: He led the British to victory at Buxar (1764).
84. The significance of the Battle of Buxar was:
a) Confirmed British supremacy in Bengal
b) Gave Diwani rights
c) Defeated both Mughals and Nawabs
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Buxar was more decisive than Plassey, ensuring political control.
85. The Treaty of Allahabad (1765) granted the British:
a) Military power
b) Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar, Orissa
c) Monopoly of trade
d) Control of Hyderabad
Answer: b) Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar, Orissa
Explanation: Signed between Shah Alam II and Robert Clive.
86. The Diwani rights meant:
a) Judicial control
b) Revenue collection
c) Military power
d) Control of land
Answer: b) Revenue collection
Explanation: Company gained right to collect land revenue.
87. The dual government in Bengal (1765–1772) meant:
a) Nawab controlled revenue, Company controlled army
b) Company collected revenue, Nawab handled administration
c) British parliament and Company both ruled
d) Mughal and Marathas ruled jointly
Answer: b) Company collected revenue, Nawab handled administration
Explanation: It was exploitative, leading to misery and famine.
88. The famine of Bengal (1770) occurred due to:
a) Maratha raids
b) Misrule of Nawabs
c) Exploitative Company revenue policy
d) Failure of trade
Answer: c) Exploitative Company revenue policy
Explanation: Company drained Bengal’s resources, worsening the famine.
89. Who abolished the dual system in Bengal?
a) Warren Hastings
b) Robert Clive
c) Lord Cornwallis
d) Shah Alam II
Answer: a) Warren Hastings
Explanation: In 1772, he assumed direct control of administration.
90. The real foundation of British rule in India was laid by:
a) Battle of Plassey (1757)
b) Battle of Buxar (1764)
c) Treaty of Allahabad (1765)
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Together, these gave the British economic and political power.
91. The British expansion in 18th century was helped most by:
a) Mughal decline
b) Maratha defeat at Panipat
c) French defeat in Carnatic Wars
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Each factor removed rivals, leaving British supreme.
92. The Nawab of Bengal defeated at Plassey was:
a) Alivardi Khan
b) Siraj-ud-Daulah
c) Mir Jafar
d) Mir Qasim
Answer: b) Siraj-ud-Daulah
Explanation: He was betrayed by his own commanders.
93. The Nawab of Bengal defeated at Buxar was:
a) Alivardi Khan
b) Mir Jafar
c) Mir Qasim
d) Siraj-ud-Daulah
Answer: c) Mir Qasim
Explanation: He allied with Shuja-ud-Daulah and Shah Alam II, but lost.
94. Which Mughal emperor granted Diwani rights to the British?
a) Farrukhsiyar
b) Shah Alam II
c) Muhammad Shah
d) Bahadur Shah II
Answer: b) Shah Alam II
Explanation: He signed the Treaty of Allahabad (1765).
95. Which battle gave the British the key to political dominance in India?
a) Plassey (1757)
b) Buxar (1764)
c) Wandiwash (1760)
d) Panipat (1761)
Answer: b) Buxar (1764)
Explanation: It brought Mughals, Awadh, and Bengal under Company’s control.
96. Robert Clive is remembered for:
a) Victory at Plassey
b) Treaty of Allahabad
c) Laying foundation of British Empire in Bengal
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Clive played the decisive role in early British expansion.
97. The biggest beneficiaries of the decline of Mughal Empire were:
a) Marathas
b) Sikhs
c) British
d) Jats
Answer: c) British
Explanation: They filled the power vacuum and expanded rapidly.
98. The Treaty of Paris (1763) was important because:
a) It ended French political power in India
b) It gave Bengal to British
c) It restored Madras to French
d) It ended Mughal rule
Answer: a) It ended French political power in India
Explanation: French could trade but not fortify or fight.
99. Which one was the first decisive battle that confirmed British supremacy in Bengal?
a) Plassey (1757)
b) Buxar (1764)
c) Allahabad Treaty (1765)
d) Panipat (1761)
Answer: a) Plassey (1757)
Explanation: Though based on treachery, Plassey gave the British control of Bengal.
100. The 18th century in Indian history is often described as:
a) Century of decline and transition
b) Century of Mughal glory
c) Century of Portuguese rule
d) Century of Indian unification
Answer: a) Century of decline and transition
Explanation: It marked the decline of Mughals and rise of British power.