1. The English East India Company was established in:
a) 1599
b) 1600
c) 1602
d) 1608
Answer: b) 1600
Explanation: The East India Company was founded on 31 December 1600 by Queen Elizabeth I.
2. The East India Company was granted monopoly of Eastern trade by:
a) British Parliament
b) Queen Elizabeth I
c) King James I
d) Dutch States General
Answer: b) Queen Elizabeth I
Explanation: She gave a royal charter in 1600 to trade with East.
3. The first British ship to reach India was:
a) Red Dragon
b) Mayflower
c) Royal Merchant
d) Charles I
Answer: a) Red Dragon
Explanation: Commanded by Captain Hawkins in 1608.
4. The first British factory in India was established at:
a) Surat
b) Masulipatnam
c) Calcutta
d) Madras
Answer: a) Surat
Explanation: In 1613, the British got permission from Mughal Emperor Jahangir.
5. Who was the Mughal emperor when the British established their first factory in India?
a) Akbar
b) Jahangir
c) Shah Jahan
d) Aurangzeb
Answer: b) Jahangir
Explanation: Jahangir allowed the factory at Surat in 1613.
6. Who secured permission from Jahangir to establish the English factory at Surat?
a) Captain Hawkins
b) Sir Thomas Roe
c) Ralph Fitch
d) William Hawkins
Answer: b) Sir Thomas Roe
Explanation: Roe was sent as ambassador of King James I (1615).
7. The first English factory on the East coast of India was at:
a) Calcutta
b) Masulipatnam
c) Madras
d) Pulicat
Answer: b) Masulipatnam
Explanation: Factory set up in Andhra (1611).
8. Which British official got trading privileges from Mughal Emperor Jahangir?
a) Ralph Fitch
b) Sir Thomas Roe
c) Robert Clive
d) Job Charnock
Answer: b) Sir Thomas Roe
Explanation: He secured farman for trade in 1615.
9. The British established their factory at Madras in:
a) 1611
b) 1639
c) 1651
d) 1661
Answer: b) 1639
Explanation: They acquired Madras from the Raja of Chandragiri.
10. The fort built by the British at Madras was called:
a) Fort St. George
b) Fort William
c) Fort St. David
d) Fort Geldria
Answer: a) Fort St. George
Explanation: Built in 1640, became the headquarters of Madras Presidency.
11. The British established their first factory in Bengal at:
a) Hooghly
b) Calcutta
c) Balasore
d) Patna
Answer: a) Hooghly
Explanation: Factory set up in 1651 at Hooghly.
12. Who is regarded as the founder of Calcutta?
a) Robert Clive
b) Warren Hastings
c) Job Charnock
d) Lord Dalhousie
Answer: c) Job Charnock
Explanation: He founded Calcutta in 1690.
13. Which three villages later formed the city of Calcutta?
a) Kalikata, Sutanuti, Govindpur
b) Hooghly, Balasore, Patna
c) Chinsurah, Chandernagore, Serampore
d) Fort William, Barrackpore, Garden Reach
Answer: a) Kalikata, Sutanuti, Govindpur
Explanation: These villages were purchased by the British.
14. Fort William at Calcutta was constructed in:
a) 1696
b) 1700
c) 1702
d) 1710
Answer: a) 1696
Explanation: Fort William was built to secure British interests in Bengal.
15. In which year did the British East India Company officially begin trade with India?
a) 1600
b) 1601
c) 1608
d) 1612
Answer: c) 1608
Explanation: First ship landed at Surat in 1608.
16. The British East India Company established its Bombay factory in:
a) 1611
b) 1639
c) 1668
d) 1690
Answer: c) 1668
Explanation: Bombay was given by Portuguese to British Crown (1661), then leased to Company (1668).
17. The British got Bombay as dowry when Charles II married:
a) Catherine of Braganza
b) Anne of Austria
c) Mary of Portugal
d) Elizabeth of Spain
Answer: a) Catherine of Braganza
Explanation: Portugal gave Bombay in 1661.
18. The headquarters of British East India Company shifted from Surat to Bombay in:
a) 1668
b) 1687
c) 1690
d) 1700
Answer: b) 1687
Explanation: Bombay became Company’s western headquarters.
19. The British established Fort St. David near:
a) Calcutta
b) Madras
c) Bombay
d) Surat
Answer: b) Madras (Cuddalore)
Explanation: Fort St. David was built near Cuddalore in 1690s.
20. The English East India Company was reorganized as the “United Company of Merchants of England” in:
a) 1698
b) 1708
c) 1712
d) 1720
Answer: b) 1708
Explanation: The old and new English Companies merged in 1708.
21. Who gave permission to the English to establish a factory at Hooghly (Bengal) in 1651?
a) Shah Jahan
b) Jahangir
c) Aurangzeb
d) Murshid Quli Khan
Answer: a) Shah Jahan
Explanation: He allowed the English to trade in Bengal at Hooghly.
22. The English fortified Calcutta in violation of orders under:
a) Shah Jahan
b) Aurangzeb
c) Bahadur Shah I
d) Farrukhsiyar
Answer: b) Aurangzeb
Explanation: They fortified Calcutta without Aurangzeb’s permission.
23. The Mughal Emperor who issued farman granting duty-free trade to English in Bengal (1717):
a) Aurangzeb
b) Farrukhsiyar
c) Shah Alam II
d) Bahadur Shah I
Answer: b) Farrukhsiyar
Explanation: His 1717 farman gave huge concessions, called the “Magna Carta of Company”.
24. Who negotiated the 1717 farman with Farrukhsiyar?
a) Robert Clive
b) John Child
c) William Hamilton (doctor) & John Surman
d) Job Charnock
Answer: c) William Hamilton & John Surman
Explanation: They secured the 1717 farman for Company trade.
25. The first Governor of Fort William at Calcutta was:
a) Job Charnock
b) Robert Clive
c) Sir Charles Eyre
d) Warren Hastings
Answer: c) Sir Charles Eyre
Explanation: He became first Governor of Fort William in 1696.
26. Who led the English in their conflict with the Mughal governor of Bengal in 1686 (Child’s War)?
a) Robert Clive
b) Job Charnock
c) Josiah Child
d) John Child
Answer: d) John Child
Explanation: The Child’s War (1686–1690) ended with English apology to Aurangzeb.
27. The Child’s War (1686–1690) ended with:
a) Victory of the English
b) Treaty of Alinagar
c) Apology of the English to Aurangzeb
d) Concessions by Aurangzeb
Answer: c) Apology of the English to Aurangzeb
Explanation: The English were defeated and had to apologize and pay indemnity.
28. The Black Hole Tragedy of Calcutta took place in:
a) 1756
b) 1757
c) 1764
d) 1772
Answer: a) 1756
Explanation: Siraj-ud-Daulah imprisoned Englishmen in Fort William, many died of suffocation.
29. The Treaty of Alinagar (1757) was signed between:
a) British and Mughals
b) British and Siraj-ud-Daulah
c) British and French
d) British and Dutch
Answer: b) British and Siraj-ud-Daulah
Explanation: Siraj restored English privileges just before Plassey.
30. The Battle of Plassey was fought in:
a) 1756
b) 1757
c) 1764
d) 1772
Answer: b) 1757
Explanation: On 23 June 1757, British defeated Siraj-ud-Daulah with Clive’s conspiracy.
31. Who betrayed Siraj-ud-Daulah in the Battle of Plassey?
a) Manik Chand
b) Mir Jafar
c) Mir Qasim
d) Jagat Seths
Answer: b) Mir Jafar
Explanation: Mir Jafar betrayed Siraj and was made Nawab by British.
32. The main significance of the Battle of Plassey (1757) was:
a) End of French power in India
b) Beginning of British political control in India
c) Control over Delhi
d) End of Maratha power
Answer: b) Beginning of British political control in India
Explanation: Plassey made the British the real masters of Bengal.
33. The Battle of Buxar was fought in:
a) 1757
b) 1764
c) 1765
d) 1772
Answer: b) 1764
Explanation: On 22 October 1764, British defeated Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daulah, and Shah Alam II.
34. The British commander at the Battle of Buxar was:
a) Robert Clive
b) Hector Munro
c) Eyre Coote
d) Warren Hastings
Answer: b) Hector Munro
Explanation: He led the British victory at Buxar.
35. The Treaty of Allahabad (1765) gave the British:
a) Zamindari rights in Bengal
b) Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar, Orissa
c) Right to fortify Calcutta
d) Sovereignty over Delhi
Answer: b) Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar, Orissa
Explanation: Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II granted Diwani to Company.
36. Who granted the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa to the East India Company in 1765?
a) Mir Jafar
b) Shah Alam II
c) Shuja-ud-Daulah
d) Warren Hastings
Answer: b) Shah Alam II
Explanation: By Treaty of Allahabad (1765), British got Diwani rights.
37. The Diwani rights gave the British:
a) Rights of land ownership
b) Rights of revenue collection
c) Rights of judicial control
d) Rights of minting coins
Answer: b) Rights of revenue collection
Explanation: British became collectors of revenue in Bengal.
38. The Dual Government in Bengal (1765–1772) meant:
a) Both British and Mughals ruled jointly
b) British collected revenue while Nawab looked after administration
c) British and French shared power
d) Zamindars and Nawabs shared power
Answer: b) British collected revenue while Nawab looked after administration
Explanation: This system caused misrule and famine.
39. The Dual Government in Bengal was abolished by:
a) Robert Clive
b) Warren Hastings
c) Lord Cornwallis
d) Shah Alam II
Answer: b) Warren Hastings
Explanation: In 1772, Hastings ended the dual system.
40. Who was the first Governor-General of Bengal?
a) Robert Clive
b) Warren Hastings
c) William Bentinck
d) Lord Cornwallis
Answer: b) Warren Hastings
Explanation: He became the first Governor-General in 1773 under Regulating Act.
41. The Regulating Act (1773) made which post the supreme authority?
a) Governor of Madras
b) Governor of Bombay
c) Governor-General of Bengal
d) Governor of Surat
Answer: c) Governor-General of Bengal
Explanation: The Act created the Governor-General of Bengal with a council.
42. The first Governor of Bengal was:
a) Robert Clive
b) Warren Hastings
c) William Bentinck
d) Lord Cornwallis
Answer: a) Robert Clive
Explanation: Clive was the first Governor of Bengal (1757–60).
43. Robert Clive is famous for:
a) Defeating Tipu Sultan
b) Victory at Plassey and reforms in Bengal
c) Anglo-Maratha Wars
d) Abolition of Sati
Answer: b) Victory at Plassey and reforms in Bengal
Explanation: He consolidated British power in Bengal.
44. Which Governor introduced the Dual Government in Bengal?
a) Robert Clive
b) Warren Hastings
c) Lord Cornwallis
d) Lord Wellesley
Answer: a) Robert Clive
Explanation: Clive introduced dual administration in 1765.
45. The Battle of Wandiwash (1760) was fought between:
a) British and Dutch
b) British and French
c) British and Portuguese
d) British and Marathas
Answer: b) British and French
Explanation: British under Eyre Coote defeated French in 1760, ending French power.
Q46. The British Governor during the Battle of Plassey was:
a) Robert Clive
b) Warren Hastings
c) Charles Eyre
d) William Bentinck
Answer: a) Robert Clive
Explanation: He commanded the British forces at Plassey (1757).
47. The Permanent Settlement of Bengal was introduced by:
a) Robert Clive
b) Warren Hastings
c) Lord Cornwallis
d) Lord Wellesley
Answer: c) Lord Cornwallis
Explanation: Introduced in 1793 to fix land revenue permanently.
48. The first British Governor-General to annex Indian territory was:
a) Robert Clive
b) Warren Hastings
c) Lord Cornwallis
d) Lord Wellesley
Answer: b) Warren Hastings
Explanation: He annexed parts of Bihar and Bengal.
49. Who introduced the Subsidiary Alliance system?
a) Warren Hastings
b) Lord Cornwallis
c) Lord Wellesley
d) Robert Clive
Answer: c) Lord Wellesley
Explanation: Introduced in 1798 to expand British influence.
50. Under the Subsidiary Alliance, Indian rulers had to:
a) Keep British troops and pay for their maintenance
b) Abolish their armies
c) Surrender foreign policy to British
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: It made Indian states dependent on British militarily and politically.
51. The first major naval battle of the British in India was:
a) Battle of Swally (1612)
b) Battle of Colachel (1741)
c) Battle of Buxar (1764)
d) Battle of Plassey (1757)
Answer: a) Battle of Swally (1612)
Explanation: British defeated Portuguese near Surat, gaining recognition from Mughals.
52. The British defeated the Portuguese for the first time in:
a) 1608, Surat
b) 1612, Swally
c) 1620, Goa
d) 1630, Diu
Answer: b) 1612, Swally
Explanation: Captain Best defeated the Portuguese fleet at Swally (Surat).
53. The British and Portuguese signed a treaty of alliance in:
a) 1612
b) 1661
c) 1670
d) 1700
Answer: b) 1661
Explanation: Portugal allied with England; Bombay was given as dowry with Catherine of Braganza.
54. The British captured Bombay from the Portuguese in:
a) 1612
b) 1639
c) 1661
d) 1668
Answer: d) 1668
Explanation: It was transferred from British Crown to East India Company in 1668.
55. The most decisive battle between the British and the French in India was:
a) Battle of Swally
b) Battle of Plassey
c) Battle of Buxar
d) Battle of Wandiwash
Answer: d) Battle of Wandiwash
Explanation: In 1760, Eyre Coote defeated French, ending their political ambitions.
56. The First Carnatic War (1746–1748) ended with:
a) Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
b) Treaty of Alinagar
c) Treaty of Paris
d) Treaty of Mangalore
Answer: a) Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
Explanation: It restored captured territories between French and British.
57. The First Carnatic War was triggered by:
a) Anglo-French rivalry in Europe
b) Mughal succession crisis
c) Portuguese resurgence
d) Maratha invasions
Answer: a) Anglo-French rivalry in Europe
Explanation: It was part of the Austrian War of Succession in Europe.
58. The British won the decisive Battle of Wandiwash (1760) under:
a) Robert Clive
b) Warren Hastings
c) Eyre Coote
d) Hector Munro
Answer: c) Eyre Coote
Explanation: He defeated Count de Lally, sealing French decline.
59. The Second Carnatic War (1749–1754) was fought mainly over:
a) French vs Portuguese rivalry
b) Succession disputes in Hyderabad and Carnatic
c) Control of Surat
d) British vs Dutch rivalry
Answer: b) Succession disputes in Hyderabad and Carnatic
Explanation: Both British and French supported rival claimants.
60. The Second Carnatic War ended with:
a) Treaty of Paris
b) Treaty of Pondicherry (1754)
c) Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
d) Treaty of Allahabad
Answer: b) Treaty of Pondicherry (1754)
Explanation: Both sides restored captured territories.
61. The Third Carnatic War (1757–1763) coincided with:
a) Seven Years’ War in Europe
b) Austrian Succession War
c) Napoleonic Wars
d) Maratha wars
Answer: a) Seven Years’ War in Europe
Explanation: Anglo-French rivalry in Europe spread to India.
62. The Third Carnatic War ended with:
a) Treaty of Mangalore
b) Treaty of Paris (1763)
c) Treaty of Pondicherry
d) Treaty of Bassein
Answer: b) Treaty of Paris (1763)
Explanation: It recognized British supremacy in India.
63. Who was the French Governor-General who lost to the British in the Carnatic Wars?
a) Dupleix
b) Lally
c) Bussy
d) De Lannoy
Answer: a) Dupleix
Explanation: Dupleix’s plans failed due to British opposition and French recall.
64. Who was the French commander defeated at Wandiwash (1760)?
a) Dupleix
b) Lally
c) Bussy
d) Suffren
Answer: b) Lally
Explanation: Count de Lally was defeated by Eyre Coote.
65. The British finally emerged as the dominant European power in India after:
a) Battle of Plassey (1757)
b) Battle of Buxar (1764)
c) Battle of Wandiwash (1760)
d) Treaty of Paris (1763)
Answer: d) Treaty of Paris (1763)
Explanation: This treaty formally ended French political power in India.
66. The French were confined mainly to which settlement after Carnatic Wars?
a) Pondicherry
b) Chandernagore
c) Karikal
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: French retained small enclaves but no political role.
67. The British defeated the Dutch in India at:
a) Plassey (1757)
b) Colachel (1741)
c) Buxar (1764)
d) Biderra (1759)
Answer: d) Biderra (1759)
Explanation: British defeated Dutch at Biderra (Bengal, 1759), ending Dutch power.
68. The Treaty of Alinagar (1757) was signed before which major battle?
a) Wandiwash
b) Plassey
c) Buxar
d) Swally
Answer: b) Plassey
Explanation: Signed between Siraj-ud-Daulah and British, just before Plassey.
69. Which battle confirmed British supremacy in Bengal after Plassey?
a) Wandiwash
b) Buxar
c) Negapatam
d) Assaye
Answer: b) Buxar
Explanation: Buxar (1764) consolidated British political power.
70. Which Anglo-Mysore War ended with the Treaty of Mangalore (1784)?
a) First Anglo-Mysore War
b) Second Anglo-Mysore War
c) Third Anglo-Mysore War
d) Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
Answer: b) Second Anglo-Mysore War
Explanation: Treaty of Mangalore (1784) was signed between Tipu Sultan and British.
71. The Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799) ended with:
a) Treaty of Srirangapatna
b) Death of Tipu Sultan
c) Alliance with Marathas
d) Treaty of Bassein
Answer: b) Death of Tipu Sultan
Explanation: Tipu died defending Srirangapatna in 1799.
72. The Treaty of Srirangapatna (1792) was signed after:
a) First Anglo-Mysore War
b) Second Anglo-Mysore War
c) Third Anglo-Mysore War
d) Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
Answer: c) Third Anglo-Mysore War
Explanation: Tipu had to cede half his territory.
73. The Treaty of Bassein (1802) was signed between:
a) British and Marathas (Baji Rao II)
b) British and Mysore
c) British and Nizam
d) British and Hyder Ali
Answer: a) British and Marathas (Baji Rao II)
Explanation: It placed Marathas under British protection.
74. Which battle led to British victory over Marathas in 1803?
a) Battle of Plassey
b) Battle of Assaye
c) Battle of Panipat
d) Battle of Buxar
Answer: b) Battle of Assaye
Explanation: Arthur Wellesley defeated Marathas at Assaye (1803).
75. The Anglo-French rivalry in India was decided finally in favour of the British after:
a) Battle of Wandiwash (1760)
b) Treaty of Paris (1763)
c) Battle of Buxar (1764)
d) Both a & b
Answer: d) Both a & b
Explanation: Wandiwash & Treaty of Paris ended French political ambitions.
76. The Battle of Plassey is often considered a “battle of treachery” because:
a) Siraj-ud-Daulah lacked courage
b) French betrayed Siraj
c) Mir Jafar and bankers betrayed Siraj
d) Robert Clive bribed Mughal emperor
Answer: c) Mir Jafar and bankers betrayed Siraj
Explanation: Plassey (1757) was won by Clive through conspiracy, not military strength.
77. Which Mughal emperor issued the “Magna Carta of East India Company” in 1717?
a) Aurangzeb
b) Farrukhsiyar
c) Shah Alam II
d) Bahadur Shah I
Answer: b) Farrukhsiyar
Explanation: His 1717 farman gave duty-free trade privileges in Bengal.
78. The East India Company became the “real ruler of Bengal” after:
a) Plassey (1757)
b) Buxar (1764)
c) Treaty of Allahabad (1765)
d) Dual Government system
Answer: c) Treaty of Allahabad (1765)
Explanation: Company got Diwani rights (revenue collection) of Bengal, Bihar, Orissa.
79. The “Dual Government” system in Bengal (1765–1772) was:
a) British ruled politics, Nawabs ruled revenue
b) British collected revenue, Nawabs ruled administration
c) British ruled both
d) Nawabs ruled both
Answer: b) British collected revenue, Nawabs ruled administration
Explanation: This misrule led to famine of 1770.
80. Which Governor-General ended the Dual Government system?
a) Robert Clive
b) Warren Hastings
c) Lord Cornwallis
d) Lord Wellesley
Answer: b) Warren Hastings
Explanation: In 1772, Hastings centralized Company rule.
81. The Regulating Act (1773) made whom the supreme authority in India?
a) Governor of Madras
b) Governor of Bombay
c) Governor-General of Bengal
d) Viceroy of India
Answer: c) Governor-General of Bengal
Explanation: Warren Hastings became first Governor-General (1773).
82. The Pitt’s India Act (1784) established:
a) Supreme Court in Calcutta
b) Board of Control in Britain
c) End of Company monopoly
d) Permanent Settlement
Answer: b) Board of Control in Britain
Explanation: It brought Company under British government supervision.
83. The British introduced Permanent Settlement (1793) in Bengal under:
a) Warren Hastings
b) Robert Clive
c) Lord Cornwallis
d) Lord Wellesley
Answer: c) Lord Cornwallis
Explanation: Fixed land revenue permanently with Zamindars.
84. The Subsidiary Alliance (1798) was introduced by:
a) Robert Clive
b) Warren Hastings
c) Lord Wellesley
d) Lord Cornwallis
Answer: c) Lord Wellesley
Explanation: Forced Indian states to accept British troops & control.
85. Which Indian ruler first accepted the Subsidiary Alliance?
a) Nizam of Hyderabad
b) Nawab of Oudh
c) Peshwa Baji Rao II
d) Mysore Sultan
Answer: a) Nizam of Hyderabad
Explanation: He accepted it in 1798.
86. The British policy of “ring-fence” was introduced by:
a) Robert Clive
b) Warren Hastings
c) Lord Cornwallis
d) Lord Wellesley
Answer: b) Warren Hastings
Explanation: It meant defensive alliances to protect Company’s frontiers.
87. The British gained control of Delhi in:
a) 1757
b) 1764
c) 1803
d) 1857
Answer: c) 1803
Explanation: After Second Anglo-Maratha War, British occupied Delhi.
88. Which Maratha treaty placed Peshwa Baji Rao II under British protection?
a) Treaty of Salbai (1782)
b) Treaty of Bassein (1802)
c) Treaty of Purandar (1776)
d) Treaty of Deogaon (1803)
Answer: b) Treaty of Bassein (1802)
Explanation: A turning point: British became paramount power.
89. The Battle of Assaye (1803) was fought between:
a) British and Tipu Sultan
b) British and Marathas
c) British and French
d) British and Portuguese
Answer: b) British and Marathas
Explanation: Arthur Wellesley defeated Marathas, major victory.
90. Who was the British Governor-General during the defeat of Tipu Sultan (1799)?
a) Warren Hastings
b) Lord Cornwallis
c) Lord Wellesley
d) Robert Clive
Answer: c) Lord Wellesley
Explanation: He led British expansion and defeat of Tipu at Srirangapatna.
91. The Charter Act of 1813 ended the monopoly of the East India Company in:
a) Salt trade
b) Indian trade except tea & China
c) Tea trade only
d) Trade with England
Answer: b) Indian trade except tea & China
Explanation: British merchants could now trade freely in India.
92. The Charter Act of 1833 ended the Company’s:
a) Trading rights in India
b) Political role in India
c) Administrative power
d) Both a & b
Answer: a) Trading rights in India
Explanation: Company became a purely administrative body.
93. The Governor-General became the Governor-General of India under:
a) Regulating Act (1773)
b) Pitt’s India Act (1784)
c) Charter Act (1833)
d) Charter Act (1853)
Answer: c) Charter Act (1833)
Explanation: Lord William Bentinck became first Governor-General of India.
94. The Treaty of Sugauli (1816) was signed between:
a) British and Burma
b) British and Marathas
c) British and Nepal
d) British and Mysore
Answer: c) British and Nepal
Explanation: After Anglo-Nepal War, Nepal ceded Sikkim, Kumaon, Garhwal.
95. The Anglo-Burmese Wars strengthened British control over:
a) Assam and Manipur
b) Mysore and Hyderabad
c) Bengal and Orissa
d) Punjab and Sindh
Answer: a) Assam and Manipur
Explanation: After wars, Assam, Manipur, Arakan, Tenasserim came under British.
96. The annexation of Punjab was completed in:
a) 1839
b) 1846
c) 1849
d) 1857
Answer: c) 1849
Explanation: After Second Anglo-Sikh War (1849), Punjab was annexed.
97. Who was the Governor-General responsible for the Doctrine of Lapse?
a) Lord Cornwallis
b) Lord Wellesley
c) Lord Dalhousie
d) Lord Bentinck
Answer: c) Lord Dalhousie
Explanation: His doctrine annexed Satara, Jhansi, Nagpur, etc.
98. Which was the first Indian state annexed under the Doctrine of Lapse?
a) Jhansi
b) Satara
c) Nagpur
d) Awadh
Answer: b) Satara
Explanation: Annexed in 1848 under Dalhousie.
99. The immediate cause of the Revolt of 1857 was:
a) Heavy taxation
b) Doctrine of Lapse
c) Annexation of Awadh
d) Greased cartridge issue
Answer: d) Greased cartridge issue
Explanation: Use of greased cartridges (cow/pig fat) sparked mutiny.
100. The final event marking the transfer of power from Company to Crown was:
a) Revolt of 1857
b) Queen Victoria’s Proclamation (1858)
c) Charter Act (1853)
d) Regulating Act (1773)
Answer: b) Queen Victoria’s Proclamation (1858)
Explanation: After 1857 revolt, Company rule ended and British Crown rule began.