1. Which was the first Parliamentary Act passed by the British to regulate East India Company’s affairs in India?
A) Regulating Act 1773
B) Pitt’s India Act 1784
C) Charter Act 1793
D) Charter Act 1813
Answer: A
Explanation: It was the first step by the British Parliament to regulate Company’s administration in India.
2. The Regulating Act of 1773 was passed during the reign of?
A) George I
B) George II
C) George III
D) Queen Victoria
Answer: C
Explanation: It was passed during George III’s reign when the Company faced mismanagement issues.
3. Which Act created the office of the Governor-General of Bengal?
A) Regulating Act 1773
B) Pitt’s India Act 1784
C) Charter Act 1813
D) Charter Act 1833
Answer: A
Explanation: It established the Governor-General of Bengal with a council of four members.
4. Who was the first Governor-General of Bengal under the Regulating Act of 1773?
A) Warren Hastings
B) Cornwallis
C) Wellesley
D) William Bentinck
Answer: A
Explanation: He was the first Governor-General of Bengal under this Act.
5. The Regulating Act of 1773 created the Supreme Court at Calcutta in?
A) 1774
B) 1776
C) 1779
D) 1781
Answer: A
Explanation: The Supreme Court at Calcutta was established in 1774 with one Chief Justice and three judges.
6. The Act of Settlement (Amending Act) of 1781 was passed to?
A) Abolish the East India Company
B) Remove defects of Regulating Act 1773
C) Introduce dual government
D) Give Indians representation in Council
Answer: B
Explanation: It clarified the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and Company’s administration.
7. Pitt’s India Act was passed in?
A) 1773
B) 1781
C) 1784
D) 1793
Answer: C
Explanation: It created dual control of India by the Company and the Crown.
8. Pitt’s India Act (1784) established?
A) Court of Proprietors
B) Board of Control
C) Judicial Committee of Privy Council
D) Council of India
Answer: B
Explanation: Created to oversee political affairs of the Company’s administration in India.
9. Under Pitt’s India Act, the Company’s administration was divided into?
A) Political and Commercial departments
B) Civil and Military departments
C) Executive and Legislative departments
D) Revenue and Judicial departments
Answer: A
Explanation: Political under Crown (Board of Control), commercial under Company.
10. The Pitt’s India Act increased the powers of?
A) Governor-General of Bengal
B) Governor-General of Madras
C) Supreme Court
D) Nawabs of Bengal
Answer: A
Explanation: He gained authority over other Presidencies.
11. Who was the British Prime Minister during Pitt’s India Act (1784)?
A) Robert Walpole
B) William Pitt the Younger
C) Henry Dundas
D) George Canning
Answer: B
Explanation: The Act is named after him.
12. Which Act first clearly distinguished between Company’s political and commercial functions?
A) Regulating Act 1773
B) Pitt’s India Act 1784
C) Charter Act 1793
D) Charter Act 1813
Answer: B
Explanation: Political affairs came under Board of Control, commercial remained with the Company.
13. The Governor-General of Bengal was made Commander-in-Chief of Indian forces by?
A) Regulating Act 1773
B) Pitt’s India Act 1784
C) Charter Act 1793
D) Charter Act 1833
Answer: C
Explanation: It strengthened the Governor-General’s authority.
14. The Regulating Act 1773 applied only to?
A) Bengal Presidency
B) Madras Presidency
C) Bombay Presidency
D) All Presidencies equally
Answer: A
Explanation: Governor-General of Bengal had powers, Madras and Bombay were still largely independent until Pitt’s Act 1784.
15. Which Act enhanced the power of Governor-General over Governors of Madras and Bombay?
A) Regulating Act 1773
B) Pitt’s India Act 1784
C) Charter Act 1793
D) Charter Act 1813
Answer: B
Explanation: Governor-General of Bengal could override them in matters of war, peace, and diplomacy.
16. Which body became the supreme authority in Britain for Indian political affairs after 1784?
A) East India Company Directors
B) Court of Proprietors
C) Board of Control
D) House of Lords
Answer: C
Explanation: Exercised Crown’s authority in Indian matters.
17. The dual control system under Pitt’s India Act meant?
A) Company handled revenue, Crown handled commerce
B) Company handled commerce, Crown handled political affairs
C) Company handled army, Crown handled judiciary
D) Company handled education, Crown handled trade
Answer: B
Explanation: Political authority shifted to Crown through Board of Control.
18. The Supreme Court at Calcutta was criticized because?
A) It was corrupt
B) It clashed with Company’s Council
C) It was too weak
D) It was abolished by Pitt’s Act
Answer: B
Explanation: Unclear jurisdictions led to conflict until Act of Settlement 1781 clarified powers.
19. Which Act consolidated British supremacy in India after Company’s misrule in Bengal?
A) Regulating Act 1773
B) Pitt’s India Act 1784
C) Charter Act 1793
D) Charter Act 1813
Answer: B
Explanation: Crown intervened to ensure proper governance.
20. Which Act provided for the appointment of a Governor-General with Council of four members?
A) Pitt’s India Act 1784
B) Regulating Act 1773
C) Charter Act 1833
D) Charter Act 1853
Answer: B
Explanation: Council members often clashed with Governor-General Warren Hastings.
21. The Chief Justice of the first Supreme Court at Calcutta was?
A) Elijah Impey
B) Henry Russell
C) Sir Barnes Peacock
D) Lord Ellenborough
Answer: A
Explanation: He became infamous for siding with Hastings.
22. Which Act marked the beginning of Parliamentary control over East India Company?
A) Charter Act 1793
B) Regulating Act 1773
C) Pitt’s India Act 1784
D) Charter Act 1813
Answer: B
Explanation: First step of Parliament to interfere in Company’s Indian affairs.
23. The Regulating Act 1773 required Company’s Directors to submit reports to?
A) House of Commons
B) King of England
C) Board of Control
D) Supreme Court
Answer: A
Explanation: Strengthened Parliamentary oversight.
24. Pitt’s India Act was important because it?
A) Ended Company’s commercial monopoly
B) Established dual control of India by Crown and Company
C) Introduced competitive exams
D) Created universities in India
Answer: B
Explanation: Company retained commerce, Crown took political authority.
25. Which of the following was the first law to curb Company’s corruption in India?
A) Pitt’s India Act
B) Regulating Act 1773
C) Charter Act 1813
D) Indian Councils Act 1861
Answer: B
Explanation: It tried to curb corruption and mismanagement after Bengal famine (1770).
26. The Charter Act of 1793 was passed during the tenure of which Governor-General?
A) Warren Hastings
B) Lord Cornwallis
C) Lord Wellesley
D) Lord William Bentinck
Answer: B
Explanation: Cornwallis was Governor-General when the Charter Act of 1793 renewed Company’s privileges.
27. The Charter Act of 1793 renewed Company’s monopoly of trade with India for how many years?
A) 10 years
B) 20 years
C) 30 years
D) 40 years
Answer: B
Explanation: Monopoly of trade was renewed for another 20 years.
28. Which Act provided for payment of salaries of British officials in India from Indian revenues?
A) Regulating Act 1773
B) Pitt’s India Act 1784
C) Charter Act 1793
D) Charter Act 1833
Answer: C
Explanation: Salaries of Governors-General, Governors, and judges were to be paid from Indian revenues.
29. The Charter Act of 1813 ended the monopoly of the East India Company in?
A) Trade with China
B) Tea trade
C) Indian trade except tea and China
D) Opium trade
Answer: C
Explanation: The Company lost its monopoly in Indian trade but retained monopoly in tea and China trade.
30. Which Act allowed Christian missionaries to officially propagate their religion in India?
A) Pitt’s India Act 1784
B) Charter Act 1813
C) Charter Act 1833
D) Charter Act 1853
Answer: B
Explanation: Missionaries were permitted to spread Christianity legally in India.
31. Which Act provided for a financial grant for promoting education in India for the first time?
A) Charter Act 1793
B) Charter Act 1813
C) Charter Act 1833
D) Charter Act 1853
Answer: B
Explanation: A sum of ₹1 lakh annually was set aside for education in India.
32. Who strongly criticized the Charter Act of 1813 for allowing missionaries into India?
A) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
B) Indians of Calcutta
C) Orientalists
D) Hindu orthodox groups
Answer: D
Explanation: Orthodox sections opposed missionary entry as interference in religion.
33. The monopoly of the East India Company in tea trade with China was abolished by?
A) Charter Act 1813
B) Charter Act 1833
C) Charter Act 1853
D) Pitt’s India Act 1784
Answer: B
Explanation: The 1833 Act ended Company’s commercial monopoly completely.
34. The Charter Act of 1813 continued the Company’s monopoly in?
A) Cotton trade
B) Tea trade and China trade
C) Indigo trade
D) Salt trade
Answer: B
Explanation: These remained under Company monopoly until 1833.
35. The Charter Act of 1833 made the Governor-General of Bengal as?
A) Governor-General of India
B) Viceroy of India
C) Commander-in-Chief of India
D) Governor of Madras
Answer: A
Explanation: Lord William Bentinck became the first Governor-General of India under this Act.
36. The first Governor-General of India under Charter Act of 1833 was?
A) Lord Cornwallis
B) Lord Wellesley
C) Lord William Bentinck
D) Lord Dalhousie
Answer: C
Explanation: His title changed from Governor-General of Bengal to Governor-General of India.
37. The Charter Act of 1833 introduced which important administrative principle?
A) Federalism
B) Centralization of power
C) Separation of powers
D) Decentralization
Answer: B
Explanation: Legislative power was centralized in the Governor-General’s Council.
38. Which Act first attempted to introduce a system of open competition for civil services in India?
A) Charter Act 1833
B) Charter Act 1853
C) Pitt’s India Act 1784
D) Regulating Act 1773
Answer: A
Explanation: The Act stated Indians should not be barred from holding public office.
39. The Charter Act of 1833 added a new member to the Governor-General’s Council known as?
A) Financial Member
B) Law Member
C) Executive Member
D) Revenue Member
Answer: B
Explanation: Macaulay was the first Law Member of the Council.
40. The Charter Act of 1833 abolished?
A) Ryotwari system
B) Company’s commercial monopoly
C) Permanent Settlement
D) Regulation of press
Answer: B
Explanation: Company ceased to be a trading body; it became purely an administrative body.
41. Which Indian leader welcomed the Charter Act of 1833 for opening public offices to Indians?
A) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
B) Dadabhai Naoroji
C) Surendranath Banerjee
D) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
Answer: A
Explanation: He welcomed the principle of equality in holding public office.
42. Who was the first Law Member of the Governor-General’s Council under Charter Act 1833?
A) Charles Metcalfe
B) Lord Macaulay
C) James Mill
D) John Shore
Answer: B
Explanation: He was appointed as the first Law Member in 1834.
43. Which Act is called the “final step towards centralization” before 1857?
A) Regulating Act 1773
B) Pitt’s India Act 1784
C) Charter Act 1833
D) Charter Act 1853
Answer: C
Explanation: It centralized legislative powers in the hands of Governor-General.
44. The Charter Act of 1833 opened the doors of civil services to Indians, but in reality?
A) Indians were fully included
B) Indians were only partially included
C) It remained a paper promise
D) It created ICS in India
Answer: C
Explanation: No real opportunities were given; competitive exams came later (1853).
45. The Charter Act of 1813 directed that a sum of how much would be spent annually on Indian education?
A) ₹50,000
B) ₹1,00,000
C) ₹2,00,000
D) ₹10,00,000
Answer: B
Explanation: For promoting education among Indians — a landmark provision.
46. Which Act legalized the activities of Christian missionaries in India?
A) Regulating Act 1773
B) Pitt’s India Act 1784
C) Charter Act 1813
D) Charter Act 1833
Answer: C
Explanation: It allowed them to enter India legally for the first time.
47. The Charter Act of 1833 established the foundation for which important code?
A) Indian Penal Code
B) Civil Procedure Code
C) Indian Evidence Act
D) Hindu Code Bill
Answer: A
Explanation: Macaulay and Law Commission began codification of laws under this Act.
48. The monopoly of East India Company in trade with China and tea ended in?
A) 1813
B) 1833
C) 1853
D) 1857
Answer: B
Explanation: After 1833, Company became only an administrative body.
49. The Charter Act of 1833 transformed the Company into?
A) A trading-cum-administrative body
B) Purely administrative body
C) Military-cum-commercial body
D) Social reform body
Answer: B
Explanation: It lost all trading functions and became political-administrative.
50. Which Act allowed the Governor-General’s Council to legislate for the whole of British India for the first time?
A) Pitt’s India Act 1784
B) Charter Act 1813
C) Charter Act 1833
D) Charter Act 1853
Answer: C
Explanation: Legislative powers were centralized in Governor-General’s Council.
51. The Charter Act of 1853 was passed during the tenure of?
A) Lord William Bentinck
B) Lord Dalhousie
C) Lord Canning
D) Lord Hardinge
Answer: B
Explanation: Dalhousie was Governor-General when the Act was passed.
52. The Charter Act of 1853 was the last before?
A) The Regulating Act
B) The Revolt of 1857
C) The Government of India Act 1858
D) The Queen’s Proclamation
Answer: B
Explanation: It was the final Charter Act before Company rule ended in 1858.
53. Unlike earlier Charter Acts, the Charter Act of 1853 did not fix the tenure of?
A) Governor-General of India
B) Governor-General’s Council
C) Company’s Charter
D) Court of Directors
Answer: C
Explanation: For the first time, the Company’s Charter was left open-ended, subject to Parliament’s will.
54. The Charter Act of 1853 separated which functions of the Governor-General’s Council?
A) Military and civil
B) Executive and legislative
C) Judicial and revenue
D) Political and commercial
Answer: B
Explanation: A separate Legislative Council was created for the first time.
55. How many new members were added to the Governor-General’s Council under Charter Act 1853?
A) 3
B) 4
C) 6
D) 12
Answer: C
Explanation: Six additional legislative members were added.
56. The legislative members under Charter Act 1853 were mainly?
A) British MPs
B) Company Directors
C) Officials and non-officials nominated by the Governor-General
D) Indian representatives elected directly
Answer: C
Explanation: Indians were still not directly elected; all were nominated.
57. Who was the first Indian nominated to the Governor-General’s Council as a legislative member?
A) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
B) Dadabhai Naoroji
C) Raja of Benaras
D) Raja Dinkar Rao
Answer: C
Explanation: He was one of the earliest Indian non-official members.
58. The Charter Act of 1853 introduced which major reform in civil services?
A) Competitive examinations for recruitment
B) Promotion based on seniority
C) Reservation for Indians
D) Service under hereditary rights
Answer: A
Explanation: It ended the Company’s patronage-based system.
59. The first competitive civil services examination under Charter Act 1853 was held in?
A) London, 1855
B) London, 1859
C) Calcutta, 1860
D) London, 1861
Answer: B
Explanation: The first exam was conducted in London; Indians could appear.
60. Who was the first Indian to qualify the ICS through open competition?
A) Surendranath Banerjee
B) Satyendranath Tagore
C) Dadabhai Naoroji
D) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Answer: B
Explanation: He cleared ICS in 1863.
61. The competitive civil services system recommended under Charter Act 1853 was based on the report of?
A) Macaulay Committee
B) Cornwallis Committee
C) Peel Commission
D) Hunter Commission
Answer: A
Explanation: Macaulay Committee (1854) recommended open competitive exams.
62. The Macaulay Committee recommended that ICS exams should be held in?
A) Calcutta
B) London
C) Delhi
D) Bombay
Answer: B
Explanation: Initially exams were held in London, limiting Indian participation.
63. The Charter Act of 1853 is important because it marked the beginning of?
A) Indian representation in Parliament
B) Indian representation in Governor-General’s Council
C) Parliamentary system in India
D) Decentralization of British power
Answer: B
Explanation: For the first time, non-official Indians were nominated.
64. The Charter Act of 1853 gave British Parliament what power regarding the Company?
A) To abolish Company immediately
B) To renew Company’s charter for 20 years
C) To terminate Company’s charter anytime
D) To take over trade monopoly again
Answer: C
Explanation: Charter renewal was left to Parliament’s discretion.
65. The Charter Act of 1853 was significant because it was the first step towards?
A) Separation of powers in India
B) Establishing bicameralism
C) Establishing federalism
D) Provincial autonomy
Answer: A
Explanation: Executive and legislative functions of Governor-General’s Council were separated.
66. The Governor-General’s Council for legislation under 1853 Act functioned as?
A) A full-fledged Parliament
B) A mini-legislature
C) A consultative body only
D) An advisory committee
Answer: B
Explanation: It became the first legislative body in India.
67. Who was the Governor-General when the first Indian (Raja of Benaras) was nominated to the Council?
A) Lord Dalhousie
B) Lord Canning
C) Lord Cornwallis
D) Lord Wellesley
Answer: A
Explanation: Dalhousie nominated him under Charter Act 1853.
68. Which Act is seen as the “first step towards Parliamentary system” in India?
A) Charter Act 1813
B) Charter Act 1833
C) Charter Act 1853
D) Indian Councils Act 1861
Answer: C
Explanation: Introduced separate legislative body with members beyond the executive.
69. The Charter Act of 1853 allowed how many members in Governor-General’s Council for legislation?
A) 6
B) 8
C) 12
D) 18
Answer: A
Explanation: Six legislative members were added.
70. The Charter Act of 1853 is called a “turning point” because?
A) It gave India independence
B) It introduced open competition for civil services
C) It abolished Company’s monopoly in trade
D) It decentralized administration
Answer: B
Explanation: It ended patronage system and opened ICS to merit.
71. The Macaulay Committee (1854) on civil services recommended what age limit for ICS exams?
A) 18–23 years
B) 21–26 years
C) 19–23 years
D) 22–30 years
Answer: A
Explanation: Set an age limit, making it harder for Indians due to London exams.
72. The Charter Act of 1853 was the first Act that introduced?
A) Decentralized legislation in India
B) Competitive system for civil services
C) Vernacular education officially
D) Freedom of press
Answer: B
Explanation: Indians were theoretically eligible for all offices.
73. The legislative function created by Charter Act 1853 later evolved into?
A) Indian Parliament
B) Provincial assemblies
C) Indian National Congress
D) Judicial Committees
Answer: A
Explanation: It was the beginning of representative institutions in India.
74. The importance of the Charter Act of 1853 in Indian legal history was?
A) It abolished Hindu Law
B) It allowed codification of Indian laws to continue
C) It gave Supreme Court more power
D) It abolished jury trials
Answer: B
Explanation: Macaulay’s codification work (like IPC) proceeded under this framework.
75. The Charter Act of 1853 prepared the ground for?
A) The revolt of 1857
B) The Queen’s Proclamation 1858
C) The Indian Councils Act 1861
D) Abolition of slavery
Answer: C
Explanation: By separating legislative and executive functions, it laid groundwork for future councils.
76. Which Act marked the beginning of parliamentary control over the East India Company?
A) Pitt’s India Act 1784
B) Regulating Act 1773
C) Charter Act 1793
D) Charter Act 1813
Answer: B
Explanation: It was the first direct intervention of the British Parliament in Company affairs.
77. Which Act created the post of Governor-General of Bengal?
A) Regulating Act 1773
B) Charter Act 1793
C) Pitt’s India Act 1784
D) Charter Act 1833
Answer: A
Explanation: Warren Hastings became the first Governor-General of Bengal.
78. Which Act created the dual control system between Crown and Company?
A) Regulating Act 1773
B) Pitt’s India Act 1784
C) Charter Act 1813
D) Charter Act 1833
Answer: B
Explanation: Political affairs went to the Crown’s Board of Control, commercial affairs stayed with Company.
79. Which Act is considered the “final step in centralization before 1857”?
A) Regulating Act 1773
B) Pitt’s India Act 1784
C) Charter Act 1833
D) Charter Act 1853
Answer: C
Explanation: It gave legislative powers only to the Governor-General’s Council for all India.
80. The Act which transformed the Company into a purely administrative body was?
A) Charter Act 1813
B) Charter Act 1833
C) Charter Act 1853
D) Regulating Act 1773
Answer: B
Explanation: Ended Company’s trading activities completely.
81. Which Act introduced open competition for civil services in India?
A) Charter Act 1833
B) Charter Act 1853
C) Pitt’s India Act 1784
D) Regulating Act 1773
Answer: B
Explanation: It ended the patronage system and introduced merit-based exams.
82. Which Act provided for a separate legislative council for the first time in India?
A) Charter Act 1833
B) Charter Act 1853
C) Indian Councils Act 1861
D) Pitt’s India Act 1784
Answer: B
Explanation: It separated legislative and executive functions.
83. The provision of spending ₹1 lakh annually on education was introduced by?
A) Charter Act 1793
B) Charter Act 1813
C) Charter Act 1833
D) Charter Act 1853
Answer: B
Explanation: First time Parliament funded education in India.
84. The Christian missionaries were allowed to enter India legally by?
A) Charter Act 1793
B) Charter Act 1813
C) Charter Act 1833
D) Charter Act 1853
Answer: B
Explanation: Missionaries could preach and propagate Christianity.
85. The Law Member was added to Governor-General’s Council under?
A) Pitt’s India Act 1784
B) Charter Act 1813
C) Charter Act 1833
D) Charter Act 1853
Answer: C
Explanation: Macaulay became the first Law Member in 1834.
86. The codification of Indian laws (like IPC) began after?
A) Regulating Act 1773
B) Charter Act 1833
C) Charter Act 1853
D) Pitt’s India Act 1784
Answer: B
Explanation: Law Commission under Macaulay started codification.
87. Which Act extended the Governor-General’s control over Governors of Madras and Bombay?
A) Regulating Act 1773
B) Pitt’s India Act 1784
C) Charter Act 1793
D) Charter Act 1833
Answer: B
Explanation: Governors had to obey Governor-General in war and foreign policy matters.
88. The Governor-General of India was created under which Act?
A) Regulating Act 1773
B) Charter Act 1793
C) Charter Act 1833
D) Charter Act 1853
Answer: C
Explanation: William Bentinck became the first Governor-General of India.
89. The competitive civil services system in 1853 exams was initially held in?
A) Calcutta
B) London
C) Bombay
D) Delhi
Answer: B
Explanation: Exams were held in London, making it tough for Indians.
90. Who was the first Indian to clear the ICS exam?
A) Surendranath Banerjee
B) Satyendranath Tagore
C) Dadabhai Naoroji
D) Rajendra Prasad
Answer: B
Explanation: Cleared ICS in 1863.
91. Which Act opened civil services in principle to Indians for the first time?
A) Pitt’s India Act 1784
B) Charter Act 1813
C) Charter Act 1833
D) Charter Act 1853
Answer: C
Explanation: Declared that no Indian shall be barred from holding public office.
92. Why was the Charter Act of 1853 different from previous Charter Acts?
A) It ended Company rule
B) It did not specify Company’s charter renewal period
C) It decentralized power
D) It abolished Governor-General’s post
Answer: B
Explanation: Company’s rule was left to Parliament’s discretion.
93. Which Act is considered the “first legislative framework in India”?
A) Charter Act 1833
B) Charter Act 1853
C) Indian Councils Act 1861
D) Regulating Act 1773
Answer: B
Explanation: It created a separate legislative council.
94. Which Act is considered the “Magna Carta of English Education in India”?
A) Charter Act 1813
B) Charter Act 1833
C) Charter Act 1853
D) Wood’s Dispatch 1854
Answer: D
Explanation: Though not a Charter Act, it came soon after the 1853 Act.
95. The first step towards codification of laws in India was taken under?
A) Regulating Act 1773
B) Charter Act 1833
C) Charter Act 1853
D) Indian Councils Act 1861
Answer: B
Explanation: First Law Commission under Macaulay codified IPC.
96. Which Act created a machinery of double government in Britain for India?
A) Regulating Act 1773
B) Pitt’s India Act 1784
C) Charter Act 1833
D) Charter Act 1853
Answer: B
Explanation: Court of Directors and Board of Control functioned together.
97. The East India Company finally lost all its commercial privileges by?
A) Charter Act 1813
B) Charter Act 1833
C) Charter Act 1853
D) Government of India Act 1858
Answer: B
Explanation: Company ceased to be a commercial body.
98. The last major Parliamentary Act before the Revolt of 1857 was?
A) Charter Act 1833
B) Charter Act 1853
C) Regulating Act 1773
D) Pitt’s India Act 1784
Answer: B
Explanation: It was the final Charter Act before the revolt.
99. Which Act laid the foundation for Indian representation in law-making bodies?
A) Charter Act 1813
B) Charter Act 1833
C) Charter Act 1853
D) Indian Councils Act 1861
Answer: C
Explanation: Non-official members were introduced for legislation.
100. The overall legacy of Parliamentary Acts till 1857 can be summarized as?
A) Establishment of democratic rule in India
B) Gradual transfer of power to Indians
C) Centralization of authority and British Parliamentary control
D) Liberal reforms for Indian masses
Answer: C
Explanation: These Acts consolidated Crown control and Company administration, paving way for 1858.