1. Gautama Buddha was born in:
A) Bodh Gaya
B) Lumbini
C) Kapilavastu
D) Kushinagar
Answer: B) Lumbini
Explanation: Buddha was born in Lumbini (modern Nepal) in 563 BCE.
2. The real name of Buddha was:
A) Gautama
B) Siddhartha
C) Shakyamuni
D) Tathagata
Answer: B) Siddhartha
Explanation: He was named Siddhartha at birth; “Gautama” was his clan name.
3. Buddha belonged to which clan?
A) Maurya
B) Sakya
C) Nanda
D) Licchavi
Answer: B) Sakya
Explanation: He was born in the Sakya Kshatriya clan; hence called “Sakyamuni.”
4. Buddha’s father Suddhodana was the ruler of:
A) Magadha
B) Kapilavastu
C) Vaishali
D) Kashi
Answer: B) Kapilavastu
Explanation: Suddhodana was chief of the Sakya republic at Kapilavastu.
5. Buddha’s mother Maya Devi died shortly after his birth, and he was brought up by:
A) Yashodhara
B) Prajapati Gautami
C) Sujata
D) Ananda
Answer: B) Prajapati Gautami
Explanation: His foster mother was his aunt, Mahaprajapati Gautami.
6. The wife of Siddhartha Gautama was:
A) Sujata
B) Yashodhara
C) Mahamaya
D) Subhadra
Answer: B) Yashodhara
Explanation: They had a son named Rahula.
7. The “Great Renunciation” by Siddhartha took place at the age of:
A) 19 years
B) 21 years
C) 29 years
D) 35 years
Answer: C) 29 years
Explanation: He renounced worldly life after witnessing suffering (old age, sickness, death, ascetic).
8. Buddha attained enlightenment at:
A) Sarnath
B) Bodh Gaya
C) Rajgir
D) Kushinagar
Answer: B) Bodh Gaya
Explanation: At the age of 35, under the Bodhi tree at Uruvela (Bodh Gaya).
9. Buddha attained enlightenment under which tree?
A) Neem tree
B) Bodhi (Peepal) tree
C) Banyan tree
D) Ashoka tree
Answer: B) Bodhi (Peepal) tree
Explanation: The sacred Bodhi tree at Bodh Gaya became a symbol of Buddhism.
10. The first sermon of Buddha is known as:
A) Mahaparinirvana
B) Dharmachakra Pravartana
C) Mahasatipatthana
D) Vinaya Pitaka
Answer: B) Dharmachakra Pravartana
Explanation: It means “Turning of the Wheel of Dharma,” delivered at Sarnath.
11. The first sermon was delivered at:
A) Bodh Gaya
B) Lumbini
C) Sarnath (Deer Park)
D) Vaishali
Answer: C) Sarnath (Deer Park)
Explanation: His disciples (Panchavargiya monks) first heard his teachings here.
12. Buddha’s first five disciples were called:
A) Arhats
B) Panchavargikas
C) Sangha
D) Bodhisattvas
Answer: B) Panchavargikas
Explanation: They were his earliest followers, including Kondanna.
13. The core teachings of Buddha are known as:
A) Triratna
B) Four Noble Truths
C) Eightfold Path
D) Both B and C
Answer: D) Both B and C
Explanation: The essence of Buddhism is Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path.
14. The “Four Noble Truths” are associated with:
A) Jainism
B) Buddhism
C) Hinduism
D) Ajivikas
Answer: B) Buddhism
Explanation: They define suffering (dukkha), its cause, its cessation, and the path to cessation.
15. The Eightfold Path is also called:
A) Astangika Marga
B) Panchsheel
C) Dhammapada
D) Bodhisattva Path
Answer: A) Astangika Marga
Explanation: It includes right view, right resolve, right speech, right conduct, etc.
16. The “Middle Path” in Buddhism means:
A) Balance between extreme indulgence and asceticism
B) Following Hindu rituals
C) Complete renunciation
D) Political neutrality
Answer: A) Balance between extreme indulgence and asceticism
Explanation: Buddha taught moderation as the way to enlightenment.
17. The three jewels (Triratna) of Buddhism are:
A) Buddha, Dharma, Sangha
B) Buddha, Bodhi, Bodhisattva
C) Dharma, Karma, Moksha
D) Sangha, Nirvana, Bodhi
Answer: A) Buddha, Dharma, Sangha
Explanation: They represent the Teacher, the Teachings, and the Monastic Order.
18. Nirvana in Buddhism means:
A) Eternal life
B) Union with God
C) Cessation of desire and liberation from rebirth
D) Heaven
Answer: C) Cessation of desire and liberation from rebirth
Explanation: It is the ultimate goal of Buddhism.
19. The last words of Buddha were:
A) “Work out your salvation with diligence”
B) “Peace unto all beings”
C) “Life is suffering”
D) “Desire is the root of sorrow”
Answer: A) “Work out your salvation with diligence”
Explanation: As recorded in Buddhist texts before his Mahaparinirvana.
20. Buddha attained Mahaparinirvana (death) at:
A) Rajgir
B) Kushinagar
C) Sarnath
D) Bodh Gaya
Answer: B) Kushinagar
Explanation: In 483 BCE, at age 80, he died at Kushinagar (U.P.).
21. The Buddhist Sangha was open to:
A) Only Brahmins
B) Only Kshatriyas
C) Men and women of all varnas
D) Only monks
Answer: C) Men and women of all varnas
Explanation: Buddhism was egalitarian, open to all irrespective of caste.
22. The language of early Buddhist teachings was:
A) Sanskrit
B) Pali
C) Prakrit
D) Tamil
Answer: B) Pali
Explanation: Buddha preached in Pali (Magadhi Prakrit), the people’s language.
23. The Buddhist monks followed rules compiled in the:
A) Jataka tales
B) Vinaya Pitaka
C) Abhidhamma Pitaka
D) Anguttara Nikaya
Answer: B) Vinaya Pitaka
Explanation: It laid down the code of conduct for monks and nuns.
24. The core doctrine “Dependent Origination” (Pratityasamutpada) explains:
A) Theory of rebirth
B) Causation of suffering
C) Nothing is permanent
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: It explains interconnectedness and the cycle of birth and suffering.
25. Buddhism rejected:
A) Caste system and Vedic rituals
B) Karma and rebirth
C) Ahimsa
D) Meditation
Answer: A) Caste system and Vedic rituals
Explanation: Buddhism emphasized ethical living and meditation, not caste or sacrifices.
26. The First Buddhist Council was held at:
A) Rajgir (Rajagriha)
B) Vaishali
C) Pataliputra
D) Kashmir
Answer: A) Rajgir (Rajagriha)
Explanation: Convened in 483 BCE at the Sattapanni cave, Rajgir, under Ajatashatru’s patronage.
27. Who presided over the First Buddhist Council?
A) Mahakashyapa
B) Upali
C) Ananda
D) Moggaliputta Tissa
Answer: A) Mahakashyapa
Explanation: Mahakashyapa led the council; Ananda recited Sutta, Upali recited Vinaya.
28. The result of the First Buddhist Council was:
A) Compilation of Sutta and Vinaya Pitakas
B) Compilation of Abhidhamma Pitaka
C) Division of Buddhism into sects
D) Spread of Buddhism to Sri Lanka
Answer: A) Compilation of Sutta and Vinaya Pitakas
Explanation: Teachings were orally compiled here.
29. The Second Buddhist Council was held at:
A) Rajgir
B) Vaishali
C) Pataliputra
D) Kashmir
Answer: B) Vaishali
Explanation: Held in 383 BCE under Kalasoka’s patronage.
30. The main issue discussed at the Second Buddhist Council was:
A) Admission of women into Sangha
B) Dispute over monastic discipline and 10 points of relaxation
C) Compilation of Pitakas
D) Spread of Buddhism abroad
Answer: B) Dispute over monastic discipline and 10 points of relaxation
Explanation: Led to a split in the Sangha.
31. The split after the Second Council gave rise to:
A) Hinayana and Mahayana
B) Sthaviravadins and Mahasanghikas
C) Vajrayana and Zen
D) Theravada and Navayana
Answer: B) Sthaviravadins and Mahasanghikas
Explanation: It was the first schism in Buddhism.
32. The Third Buddhist Council was held at:
A) Pataliputra
B) Vaishali
C) Rajgir
D) Kanishka’s capital, Kashmir
Answer: A) Pataliputra
Explanation: Convened under Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE.
33. Who presided over the Third Buddhist Council?
A) Mahakashyapa
B) Moggaliputta Tissa
C) Vasumitra
D) Ashvaghosha
Answer: B) Moggaliputta Tissa
Explanation: He compiled the Kathavatthu (Abhidhamma text).
34. The Third Council led to:
A) Compilation of Abhidhamma Pitaka
B) Dispatch of Buddhist missions abroad
C) Purging of Sangha
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Ashoka reorganized the Sangha and sent missions to Sri Lanka, Burma, etc.
35. Ashoka’s son Mahinda spread Buddhism to:
A) Burma
B) Sri Lanka
C) China
D) Tibet
Answer: B) Sri Lanka
Explanation: He converted King Devanampiya Tissa and established Buddhism there.
36. The Fourth Buddhist Council was held at:
A) Kashmir
B) Vaishali
C) Rajgir
D) Bodh Gaya
Answer: A) Kashmir
Explanation: Convened by Kanishka in the 1st century CE.
37. The Fourth Buddhist Council under Kanishka resulted in:
A) Division into Hinayana and Mahayana
B) Compilation of commentaries in Sanskrit
C) Spread to Central Asia
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: It marked the rise of Mahayana Buddhism.
38. Hinayana Buddhism means:
A) Lesser vehicle
B) Greater vehicle
C) Thunderbolt vehicle
D) New vehicle
Answer: A) Lesser vehicle
Explanation: It focused on individual salvation, monastic life, and strict discipline.
39. Mahayana Buddhism means:
A) Lesser vehicle
B) Greater vehicle
C) Thunderbolt vehicle
D) Path of wisdom
Answer: B) Greater vehicle
Explanation: It emphasized Bodhisattvas, compassion, and salvation for all.
40. Hinayana texts were in:
A) Pali
B) Sanskrit
C) Tibetan
D) Chinese
Answer: A) Pali
Explanation: Theravada tradition used Pali language.
41. Mahayana texts were mainly in:
A) Pali
B) Sanskrit
C) Prakrit
D) Tamil
Answer: B) Sanskrit
Explanation: Mahayana developed in north India using Sanskrit texts.
42. Vajrayana Buddhism developed in:
A) South India
B) Bihar and Bengal
C) Tibet and Kashmir
D) Sri Lanka
Answer: C) Tibet and Kashmir
Explanation: Vajrayana (“Thunderbolt vehicle”) emerged around 7th century CE.
43. The chief ideal of Hinayana is:
A) Bodhisattva
B) Arhat
C) Avalokiteshvara
D) Sunyata
Answer: B) Arhat
Explanation: Arhat means one who attains Nirvana by personal effort.
44. The chief ideal of Mahayana is:
A) Arhat
B) Bodhisattva
C) Chakravartin
D) Yogi
Answer: B) Bodhisattva
Explanation: Bodhisattvas delay Nirvana to help others achieve salvation.
45. The Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara is associated with:
A) Compassion
B) Wisdom
C) Power
D) Meditation
Answer: A) Compassion
Explanation: Avalokiteshvara embodies universal compassion.
46. The Bodhisattva Manjushri represents:
A) Power
B) Compassion
C) Wisdom
D) Fearlessness
Answer: C) Wisdom
Explanation: He is a key figure in Mahayana Buddhism.
47. The Buddhist university founded in Ashoka’s time in Sri Lanka was:
A) Taxila
B) Nalanda
C) Abhayagiri Vihara
D) Vallabhi
Answer: C) Abhayagiri Vihara
Explanation: Mahinda established monasteries and universities in Sri Lanka.
48. Buddhism spread to Central Asia mainly under:
A) Ashoka
B) Kanishka
C) Harsha
D) Chandragupta
Answer: B) Kanishka
Explanation: His patronage took Buddhism to Central Asia and China.
49. Buddhism reached China in:
A) 1st century CE
B) 3rd century CE
C) 5th century CE
D) 7th century CE
Answer: A) 1st century CE
Explanation: Buddhist missionaries entered China through the Silk Route.
50. Buddhism spread to Tibet mainly through:
A) Vajrayana Buddhism
B) Hinayana Buddhism
C) Jainism influence
D) Mahavira’s disciples
Answer: A) Vajrayana Buddhism
Explanation: Vajrayana was adopted in Tibet, blending with local Bon traditions.
51. The Buddhist canonical literature is known as:
A) Tripitaka
B) Ramayana
C) Arthashastra
D) Mahabharata
Answer: A) Tripitaka
Explanation: Tripitaka means “Three Baskets” – Vinaya, Sutta, and Abhidhamma Pitaka.
52. The Vinaya Pitaka deals with:
A) Philosophical doctrines
B) Rules of monastic discipline
C) Jataka tales
D) Royal duties
Answer: B) Rules of monastic discipline
Explanation: It prescribes the code of conduct for monks and nuns.
53. The Sutta Pitaka contains:
A) Sayings and sermons of Buddha
B) Rules for monks
C) Philosophical debates
D) Epics
Answer: A) Sayings and sermons of Buddha
Explanation: It records Buddha’s discourses, including Dhammapada.
54. The Abhidhamma Pitaka deals with:
A) Poetry
B) Higher philosophical analysis
C) Monastic discipline
D) Mythology
Answer: B) Higher philosophical analysis
Explanation: It provides systematic philosophical elaborations.
55. The Jataka tales are:
A) Stories of previous births of Buddha
B) Stories of kings and queens
C) Mahabharata stories
D) Vedic hymns
Answer: A) Stories of previous births of Buddha
Explanation: They illustrate moral lessons through past lives of Bodhisattva.
56. The language of the Buddhist canon in Theravada (Hinayana) tradition is:
A) Sanskrit
B) Pali
C) Prakrit
D) Tibetan
Answer: B) Pali
Explanation: The Pali Canon (Tipitaka) is the earliest preserved Buddhist scripture.
57. The Mahayana Buddhist texts were mainly composed in:
A) Pali
B) Sanskrit
C) Prakrit
D) Tamil
Answer: B) Sanskrit
Explanation: Texts like Lotus Sutra were written in Sanskrit.
58. The Buddhist university of Nalanda was patronized by:
A) Harshavardhana and Gupta rulers
B) Ashoka only
C) Maurya Nandas
D) Satavahanas
Answer: A) Harshavardhana and Gupta rulers
Explanation: It became an international Buddhist learning center.
59. The famous Buddhist university of Vikramashila was founded by:
A) Chandragupta II
B) Dharmapala of Pala dynasty
C) Ashoka
D) Harsha
Answer: B) Dharmapala of Pala dynasty
Explanation: It specialized in Vajrayana Buddhism.
60. The university of Vallabhi (Gujarat) was famous for:
A) Vedic learning
B) Hinayana Buddhism
C) Mahayana philosophy
D) Jain studies
Answer: C) Mahayana philosophy
Explanation: Vallabhi was a strong center of Mahayana studies.
61. The earliest Buddhist architecture is represented by:
A) Rock-cut caves
B) Stupas
C) Temples
D) Viharas
Answer: B) Stupas
Explanation: Stupas were burial mounds housing Buddha’s relics.
62. The Sanchi Stupa was originally built by:
A) Harshavardhana
B) Ashoka
C) Kanishka
D) Chandragupta Maurya
Answer: B) Ashoka
Explanation: Ashoka built it in the 3rd century BCE, later enlarged by Shungas.
63. The Bharhut Stupa is famous for:
A) Gandhara sculptures
B) Narrative reliefs in stone
C) Gupta paintings
D) Metal images
Answer: B) Narrative reliefs in stone
Explanation: Bharhut’s railings depict Jataka tales in early style.
64. The Amaravati Stupa is located in:
A) Madhya Pradesh
B) Andhra Pradesh
C) Bihar
D) Karnataka
Answer: B) Andhra Pradesh
Explanation: Amaravati was an important center of Mahayana Buddhism.
65. The great stupa at Sanchi has gateways called:
A) Toranas
B) Shikharas
C) Mandapas
D) Chaityas
Answer: A) Toranas
Explanation: Decorated gateways with carvings of Buddha’s life.
66. The rock-cut Buddhist caves at Ajanta are famous for:
A) Fresco paintings
B) Sculpture of Jain Tirthankaras
C) Bronze idols
D) Nagara temples
Answer: A) Fresco paintings
Explanation: Ajanta paintings depict Jataka tales and Buddhist themes.
67. The Gandhara school of art is noted for:
A) Indigenous symbols
B) Greco-Roman influence
C) Wooden architecture
D) Jain statues
Answer: B) Greco-Roman influence
Explanation: Gandhara art (Afghanistan, NW India) portrayed Buddha in Greco-Roman style.
68. The Mathura school of art is known for:
A) Greek-style drapery
B) Indigenous Indian style of Buddha images
C) Jain sculptures
D) Metal casting
Answer: B) Indigenous Indian style of Buddha images
Explanation: Buddha was depicted in red sandstone with Indian features.
69. The Amravati school of art flourished in:
A) Mauryan period
B) Satavahana period
C) Gupta period
D) Pallava period
Answer: B) Satavahana period
Explanation: Amravati in Andhra Pradesh was a major Mahayana art center.
70. The standing image of Buddha with long robe and wavy hair belongs to:
A) Mathura school
B) Gandhara school
C) Amravati school
D) Gupta school
Answer: B) Gandhara school
Explanation: It shows clear Greco-Roman artistic elements.
71. The Ajanta caves belong mainly to:
A) Hinayana period
B) Mahayana period
C) Both Hinayana and Mahayana phases
D) Vajrayana
Answer: C) Both Hinayana and Mahayana phases
Explanation: Early caves (2nd BCE) were Hinayana; later (5th CE) were Mahayana.
72. The Ellora caves in Maharashtra are famous for:
A) Jain sculptures
B) Hindu temples
C) Buddhist chaityas and viharas along with Hindu and Jain caves
D) Persian-style domes
Answer: C) Buddhist chaityas and viharas along with Hindu and Jain caves
Explanation: Ellora represents religious coexistence (34 caves).
73. Which Gupta king built Buddhist structures at Sarnath?
A) Samudragupta
B) Chandragupta II
C) Kumaragupta
D) Skandagupta
Answer: C) Kumaragupta
Explanation: He patronized Nalanda and Buddhist shrines.
74. The Buddha image as an object of worship started during:
A) Mauryan period
B) Shunga period
C) Kushana period
D) Gupta period
Answer: C) Kushana period
Explanation: During Kanishka’s time, image worship replaced earlier symbolism.
75. The Gupta period is called the golden age of:
A) Jainism
B) Vedic religion
C) Buddhist art and iconography
D) Zoroastrianism
Answer: C) Buddhist art and iconography
Explanation: Gupta sculpture refined Buddha images with spiritual calmness.
76. The decline of Buddhism in India began around:
A) Mauryan period
B) Gupta period
C) Post-Gupta period
D) Mughal period
Answer: C) Post-Gupta period
Explanation: From 6th–7th centuries CE, Hindu revival and internal decay weakened Buddhism.
77. A major cause of decline of Buddhism was:
A) Revival of Brahmanism and Bhakti movement
B) Loss of royal patronage
C) Division into sects
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Combined factors led to its decline in India.
78. The invasion that dealt a severe blow to Buddhism was by:
A) Scythians
B) Huns under Mihirakula
C) Arabs
D) Kushans
Answer: B) Huns under Mihirakula
Explanation: Mihirakula destroyed monasteries in North India in the 6th century CE.
79. The final blow to Indian Buddhism was caused by:
A) Mahmud of Ghazni
B) Turkish invasions under Bakhtiyar Khilji
C) Mongols
D) Portuguese
Answer: B) Turkish invasions under Bakhtiyar Khilji
Explanation: He destroyed Nalanda and Vikramashila universities in 12th century CE.
80. The decline of Buddhist monasteries was partly because:
A) They became wealthy and corrupt
B) They stopped admitting students
C) They rejected trade
D) They allied with Turks
Answer: A) They became wealthy and corrupt
Explanation: Monasteries lost discipline and popular respect.
81. Which Hindu philosophical system absorbed many Buddhist ideas?
A) Nyaya
B) Sankhya
C) Vedanta
D) Advaita
Answer: D) Advaita
Explanation: Shankaracharya’s Advaita Vedanta adopted concepts like maya and non-dualism, reducing Buddhism’s distinctiveness.
82. The Bhakti movement contributed to Buddhism’s decline because:
A) It rejected image worship
B) It offered personal devotion accessible to all
C) It destroyed monasteries
D) It banned Buddhist texts
Answer: B) It offered personal devotion accessible to all
Explanation: Bhakti appealed to common people, reducing Buddhism’s popularity.
83. Buddhism disappeared from most parts of India by:
A) 6th century CE
B) 9th century CE
C) 12th century CE
D) 15th century CE
Answer: C) 12th century CE
Explanation: After Muslim invasions destroyed monastic centers.
84. Buddhism survived the longest in India in:
A) Tamil Nadu
B) Bengal and Bihar
C) Punjab
D) Kashmir
Answer: B) Bengal and Bihar
Explanation: Pala dynasty patronized Buddhism until 12th century CE.
85. Which Indian dynasty gave the last royal support to Buddhism?
A) Guptas
B) Palas of Bengal
C) Mauryas
D) Chalukyas
Answer: B) Palas of Bengal
Explanation: Palas patronized Nalanda, Vikramashila, and Tibetan Vajrayana Buddhism.
86. The Tibetan form of Buddhism was influenced by:
A) Theravada
B) Mahayana
C) Vajrayana
D) Hinayana
Answer: C) Vajrayana
Explanation: Vajrayana Buddhism, with tantra and rituals, spread from Bengal and Kashmir to Tibet.
87. The Dalai Lama tradition is associated with:
A) Hinayana
B) Mahayana
C) Vajrayana (Tibetan Buddhism)
D) Zen Buddhism
Answer: C) Vajrayana (Tibetan Buddhism)
Explanation: Tibetan Buddhism preserved Buddhism after its decline in India.
88. Buddhism disappeared from India but thrived in:
A) Sri Lanka and Myanmar
B) China and Japan
C) Tibet and Mongolia
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: It became a world religion despite vanishing from its birthplace.
89. Modern revival of Buddhism in India was led by:
A) Mahatma Gandhi
B) B. R. Ambedkar
C) Jawaharlal Nehru
D) Rabindranath Tagore
Answer: B) B. R. Ambedkar
Explanation: He converted to Buddhism with lakhs of followers in 1956.
90. The Navayana Buddhism founded by B. R. Ambedkar emphasized:
A) Bhakti
B) Social equality and rationalism
C) Worship of Bodhisattvas
D) Vedic rituals
Answer: B) Social equality and rationalism
Explanation: It reinterpreted Buddhism for modern times.
91. The greatest contribution of Buddhism to Indian culture was:
A) Vernacular literature
B) Rock-cut architecture and stupas
C) Religious tolerance
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Buddhism transformed Indian society, art, and thought.
92. Buddhist emphasis on non-violence influenced:
A) Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy
B) Bhakti movement
C) Jainism
D) Mughal rulers
Answer: A) Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy
Explanation: Ahimsa became a tool in the freedom struggle.
93. Buddhist stupas like Sanchi symbolize:
A) Buddha’s relics and teachings
B) Hindu deities
C) Jain Tirthankaras
D) Persian tombs
Answer: A) Buddha’s relics and teachings
Explanation: Stupas became sacred pilgrimage centers.
94. The spread of Buddhism helped promote:
A) Trade and cultural exchange
B) Sanskrit literature only
C) Greek philosophy
D) Isolationism
Answer: A) Trade and cultural exchange
Explanation: Monks and traders carried Buddhism along the Silk Route.
95. The concept of Ahimsa in Buddhism influenced which Indian emperor most?
A) Chandragupta Maurya
B) Ashoka
C) Harshavardhana
D) Kanishka
Answer: B) Ashoka
Explanation: After the Kalinga War, Ashoka embraced non-violence and Buddhism.
96. Buddhist philosophy influenced Indian logic and debate through:
A) Dignaga and Dharmakirti
B) Panini
C) Shankaracharya
D) Patanjali
Answer: A) Dignaga and Dharmakirti
Explanation: They developed Buddhist epistemology.
97. The legacy of Buddhism in Asia includes:
A) Spread of art (stupas, statues)
B) Spread of ethics and non-violence
C) Religious diversity
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Buddhism became a cultural bridge across Asia.
98. In India today, Buddhism is practiced mainly by:
A) Tribals of Northeast and Ambedkarite Buddhists in Maharashtra
B) Farmers of Punjab
C) Zamindars of Bengal
D) Rajputs of Rajasthan
Answer: A) Tribals of Northeast and Ambedkarite Buddhists in Maharashtra
Explanation: These groups sustain Buddhism in modern India.
99. The modern headquarters of Tibetan Buddhism in India is:
A) Sarnath
B) Kushinagar
C) Bodh Gaya
D) Dharamshala
Answer: D) Dharamshala
Explanation: The Dalai Lama resides in Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh.
100. Buddhism’s enduring legacy is:
A) A religion of compassion, equality, and peace influencing global culture
B) Military conquests
C) Vedic sacrifices
D) Regional isolation
Answer: A) A religion of compassion, equality, and peace influencing global culture
Explanation: Though it declined in India, Buddhism became a world faith shaping ethics, art, and philosophy.