1. Latitude is the angular distance of a place measured in degrees:
A) East or West of the Prime Meridian
B) North or South of the Equator
C) From the poles only
D) From the Greenwich Observatory
Answer: B) North or South of the Equator
Explanation: Latitude is measured from the equator (0°) up to 90° north or south.
2. The Equator represents:
A) 0° Longitude
B) 0° Latitude
C) 23½° N Latitude
D) 66½° S Latitude
Answer: B) 0° Latitude
Explanation: The equator is the reference line for measuring latitudes.
3. The maximum value of latitude is:
A) 90°
B) 180°
C) 45°
D) 360°
Answer: A) 90°
Explanation: Latitude ranges from 0° at the equator to 90° N or S at the poles.
4. Lines of latitude are also known as:
A) Meridians
B) Parallels
C) Tropics
D) Equinoxes
Answer: B) Parallels
Explanation: Latitude lines are parallel to each other and to the equator.
5. The Tropic of Cancer lies at:
A) 0°
B) 23½° N
C) 23½° S
D) 66½° N
Answer: B) 23½° N
Explanation: The Tropic of Cancer marks the northern limit of the sun’s overhead position.
6. The Tropic of Capricorn lies at:
A) 23½° N
B) 23½° S
C) 66½° N
D) 90° S
Answer: B) 23½° S
Explanation: It marks the southernmost limit of the sun’s overhead position.
7. The Arctic Circle is located at:
A) 23½° N
B) 66½° N
C) 90° N
D) 45° N
Answer: B) 66½° N
Explanation: Beyond this latitude, polar day/night phenomena occur.
8. The Antarctic Circle is located at:
A) 23½° S
B) 66½° S
C) 90° S
D) 45° S
Answer: B) 66½° S
Explanation: It is the southern counterpart of the Arctic Circle.
9. The North Pole has a latitude of:
A) 90° N
B) 0°
C) 180°
D) 90° S
Answer: A) 90° N
Explanation: The extreme north of the Earth is at 90° N latitude.
10. The South Pole has a latitude of:
A) 90° N
B) 0°
C) 90° S
D) 180°
Answer: C) 90° S
Explanation: The extreme south of the Earth is at 90° S latitude.
11. The latitude that divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres is:
A) Tropic of Cancer
B) Tropic of Capricorn
C) Equator
D) Prime Meridian
Answer: C) Equator
Explanation: Equator (0°) divides Earth into two hemispheres.
12. The latitudinal extent of India is between:
A) 8°4′ N and 37°6′ N
B) 6°4′ N and 40°6′ N
C) 0° and 45° N
D) 10° N and 40° N
Answer: A) 8°4′ N and 37°6′ N
Explanation: India stretches across these latitudes.
13. The sun is overhead at the Equator:
A) Only once a year
B) Twice a year
C) Never
D) Throughout the year
Answer: B) Twice a year
Explanation: During the Equinoxes (March 21 and September 23).
14. The sun is overhead at the Tropic of Cancer on:
A) March 21
B) June 21
C) September 23
D) December 22
Answer: B) June 21
Explanation: The Summer Solstice in the Northern Hemisphere.
15. The sun is overhead at the Tropic of Capricorn on:
A) December 22
B) June 21
C) March 21
D) September 23
Answer: A) December 22
Explanation: The Winter Solstice in the Northern Hemisphere.
16. Areas between Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn are called:
A) Temperate Zone
B) Torrid Zone
C) Frigid Zone
D) Arctic Zone
Answer: B) Torrid Zone
Explanation: This zone receives vertical rays of the sun.
17. Areas between 23½° and 66½° latitude are called:
A) Torrid Zone
B) Temperate Zone
C) Frigid Zone
D) Polar Region
Answer: B) Temperate Zone
Explanation: Lies between tropics and polar circles.
18. Areas beyond Arctic and Antarctic Circles are called:
A) Torrid Zone
B) Temperate Zone
C) Frigid Zone
D) Equatorial Zone
Answer: C) Frigid Zone
Explanation: They receive slanting rays and are cold.
19. Latitude directly affects:
A) Time zones
B) Temperature and climate
C) International Date Line
D) Ocean currents
Answer: B) Temperature and climate
Explanation: Higher latitudes are colder due to slanting rays.
20. The equatorial region is hot because:
A) It is close to the sun
B) It receives vertical rays throughout the year
C) It has deserts
D) It has no oceans
Answer: B) It receives vertical rays throughout the year
Explanation: Sunlight is concentrated at the equator.
21. Which of the following are important parallels of latitude?
A) Equator, Tropics, Polar Circles
B) Equator only
C) Prime Meridian
D) Greenwich only
Answer: A) Equator, Tropics, Polar Circles
Explanation: These define the heat zones of the Earth.
22. The latitude that passes through India is:
A) Equator
B) Tropic of Cancer
C) Tropic of Capricorn
D) Arctic Circle
Answer: B) Tropic of Cancer
Explanation: It passes through 8 Indian states.
23. Which state in India is closest to the Equator?
A) Kerala
B) Tamil Nadu
C) Andhra Pradesh
D) Karnataka
Answer: B) Tamil Nadu
Explanation: Its southern tip (Kanyakumari) is nearest to the equator.
24. Which state in India is closest to the Tropic of Cancer?
A) Kerala
B) Rajasthan
C) Gujarat
D) Tripura
Answer: D) Tripura
Explanation: Udaipur in Tripura is very close to the Tropic of Cancer.
25. Which Indian city is almost on the Tropic of Cancer?
A) Jaipur
B) Bhopal
C) Ranchi
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: The Tropic of Cancer passes near Jaipur, Bhopal, and Ranchi.
26. Longitude is the angular distance measured in degrees:
A) North or South of the Equator
B) East or West of the Prime Meridian
C) From the Tropic of Cancer
D) From the Arctic Circle
Answer: B) East or West of the Prime Meridian
Explanation: Longitude is measured from 0° (Prime Meridian) up to 180° East or West.
27. The maximum value of longitude is:
A) 90°
B) 180°
C) 360°
D) 270°
Answer: B) 180°
Explanation: Longitude ranges from 0° at Greenwich up to 180° east and west.
28. Lines of longitude are also called:
A) Meridians
B) Parallels
C) Tropics
D) Circles
Answer: A) Meridians
Explanation: Longitudes are also known as meridians, converging at the poles.
29. The line of 0° longitude is called:
A) Equator
B) Prime Meridian
C) Tropic of Cancer
D) International Date Line
Answer: B) Prime Meridian
Explanation: It passes through Greenwich, London, and is the reference line for time.
30. The Prime Meridian passes through:
A) Paris
B) Rome
C) Greenwich, London
D) New York
Answer: C) Greenwich, London
Explanation: It was internationally accepted in 1884.
31. The 180° meridian is also known as:
A) Equator
B) Tropic of Capricorn
C) International Date Line (IDL)
D) Prime Meridian
Answer: C) International Date Line (IDL)
Explanation: Located opposite to the Prime Meridian, with some deviations to avoid dividing countries.
32. The International Date Line passes mainly through:
A) Atlantic Ocean
B) Pacific Ocean
C) Indian Ocean
D) Arctic Ocean
Answer: B) Pacific Ocean
Explanation: It zigzags through the Pacific to avoid splitting land areas.
33. Crossing the International Date Line from east to west, the calendar:
A) Advances by one day
B) Goes back by one day
C) Remains the same
D) Becomes uncertain
Answer: A) Advances by one day
Explanation: You gain a day when moving east to west across the IDL.
34. Crossing the International Date Line from west to east, the calendar:
A) Advances by one day
B) Goes back by one day
C) Remains unchanged
D) Doubles
Answer: B) Goes back by one day
Explanation: You lose a day when moving west to east.
35. How many degrees of longitude equal 1 hour difference in time?
A) 10°
B) 15°
C) 30°
D) 5°
Answer: B) 15°
Explanation: Earth rotates 360° in 24 hours → 360 ÷ 24 = 15° per hour.
36. The time difference between two meridians 30° apart is:
A) 1 hour
B) 2 hours
C) 3 hours
D) 30 minutes
Answer: B) 2 hours
Explanation: 30 ÷ 15 = 2 hours.
37. The Earth rotates 1° of longitude in:
A) 2 minutes
B) 4 minutes
C) 10 minutes
D) 15 minutes
Answer: B) 4 minutes
Explanation: 15° = 1 hour, so 1° = 4 minutes.
38. The longitude of Indian Standard Time (IST) is:
A) 77°30′ E
B) 82°30′ E
C) 90° E
D) 75° E
Answer: B) 82°30′ E
Explanation: IST is based on 82°30′E longitude, passing near Allahabad (Prayagraj).
39. The time difference between GMT and IST is:
A) 4 hours 30 minutes
B) 5 hours
C) 5 hours 30 minutes ahead
D) 6 hours behind
Answer: C) 5 hours 30 minutes ahead
Explanation: IST = GMT + 5:30.
40. Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is based on:
A) 0° latitude
B) 0° longitude
C) 180° longitude
D) 23½° latitude
Answer: B) 0° longitude
Explanation: GMT is measured from the Prime Meridian at Greenwich.
41. Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) replaced GMT in:
A) 1945
B) 1960s
C) 1980s
D) 2000s
Answer: B) 1960s
Explanation: UTC became the world’s standard reference for timekeeping.
42. A place at 90° E longitude will be how many hours ahead of GMT?
A) 5 hours
B) 6 hours
C) 7 hours
D) 8 hours
Answer: C) 6 hours
Explanation: 90° ÷ 15 = 6 hours.
43. A place at 75° W longitude will be how many hours behind GMT?
A) 3 hours
B) 4 hours
C) 5 hours
D) 6 hours
Answer: C) 5 hours
Explanation: 75° ÷ 15 = 5 hours.
44. The total number of standard time zones in the world is about:
A) 12
B) 24
C) 36
D) 48
Answer: B) 24
Explanation: Each time zone roughly covers 15° longitude = 24 zones in 360°.
45. Why do countries adopt standard meridians for time?
A) To simplify timekeeping
B) To avoid confusion from local solar time
C) To maintain national unity in time
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Standard time avoids confusion and maintains uniformity.
46. Nepal Standard Time is based on which longitude?
A) 82°30′ E
B) 86°15′ E
C) 90° E
D) 95° E
Answer: B) 86°15′ E
Explanation: Nepal is 5 hours 45 minutes ahead of GMT.
47. Which country uses the world’s earliest standard time (ahead of all others)?
A) Australia
B) New Zealand
C) Japan
D) Tonga
Answer: D) Tonga
Explanation: Tonga and nearby Pacific islands are among the first to enter a new day.
48. Which country has the maximum number of time zones?
A) USA
B) Russia
C) Canada
D) China
Answer: B) Russia
Explanation: Russia spans 11 standard time zones.
49. Which large country uses only one time zone despite its vast size?
A) India
B) China
C) Brazil
D) Australia
Answer: B) China
Explanation: China uses Beijing time for entire country (120° E), though it spans 5 natural zones.
50. The International Date Line deviates eastwards to avoid dividing:
A) Russia and Alaska
B) Fiji and Samoa
C) Aleutian Islands of USA
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: It zigzags to keep countries/islands on same date.
51. Local time at a place is determined by:
A) Longitude
B) Latitude
C) Equator
D) International Date Line
Answer: A) Longitude
Explanation: Local time depends on the position of the sun at a given longitude.
52. Every 15° of longitude corresponds to a time difference of:
A) 10 minutes
B) 30 minutes
C) 1 hour
D) 2 hours
Answer: C) 1 hour
Explanation: Earth rotates 360° in 24 hours → 360 ÷ 24 = 15° per hour.
53. When it is 12 noon at Greenwich (0°), the local time at 45° E longitude is:
A) 1:00 pm
B) 2:00 pm
C) 3:00 pm
D) 4:00 pm
Answer: C) 3:00 pm
Explanation: 45° ÷ 15 = 3 hours ahead of GMT.
54. When it is 12 noon at GMT, the local time at 60° W longitude is:
A) 2:00 am
B) 4:00 am
C) 6:00 am
D) 8:00 am
Answer: C) 8:00 am
Explanation: 60° ÷ 15 = 4 hours behind GMT → 12 – 4 = 8 am.
55. The local time at 75° E longitude, when it is 12 noon GMT, will be:
A) 3:00 pm
B) 4:00 pm
C) 5:00 pm
D) 6:00 pm
Answer: A) 5:00 pm
Explanation: 75° ÷ 15 = 5 hours ahead of GMT.
56. The standard meridian of India (82°30′E) was chosen because:
A) It passes through Delhi
B) It divides India into two equal halves
C) It is central and convenient for one standard time zone
D) It coincides with Equator
Answer: C) It is central and convenient for one standard time zone
Explanation: To avoid multiple time zones, one central meridian was selected.
57. If it is 12 noon at IST (82°30′E), the time at GMT (0°) will be:
A) 5:30 am
B) 6:30 am
C) 7:00 am
D) 8:00 am
Answer: A) 5:30 am
Explanation: IST is 5 hours 30 minutes ahead of GMT.
58. The difference in longitude between IST (82°30′E) and GMT (0°) is:
A) 77°30′
B) 82°30′
C) 90°
D) 120°
Answer: B) 82°30′
Explanation: This difference accounts for 5 hours 30 minutes.
59. Which longitude passes closest to Allahabad (Prayagraj), the reference city for IST?
A) 77° E
B) 82°30′ E
C) 90° E
D) 75° E
Answer: B) 82°30′ E
Explanation: That meridian was adopted as the standard.
60. Why does India not follow multiple time zones despite its east–west extent?
A) Convenience and national unity
B) Small size of country
C) Lack of technology
D) International pressure
Answer: A) Convenience and national unity
Explanation: A single time zone avoids confusion in transport, business, and governance.
61. If it is 12 noon IST, the local time in Arunachal Pradesh (approx. 95°E) will be:
A) 12:30 pm
B) 1:00 pm
C) 1:30 pm
D) 2:00 pm
Answer: B) 1:00 pm
Explanation: 95° – 82°30′ = 12.5° → 12.5 × 4 minutes = 50 minutes ahead.
62. The longitudinal extent of India causes a time difference of about:
A) 30 minutes
B) 1 hour
C) 1 hour 30 minutes
D) 2 hours
Answer: C) 1 hour 30 minutes
Explanation: 30° longitude difference × 4 minutes = 2 hours approx (but ~1.5 hours east to west).
63. Local time differs by 4 minutes for each degree of:
A) Latitude
B) Longitude
C) Equator
D) Tropic
Answer: B) Longitude
Explanation: Earth rotates 1° in 4 minutes.
64. The Great Circle route is important in:
A) Railways
B) Aviation and shipping navigation
C) Road transport
D) Agriculture
Answer: B) Aviation and shipping navigation
Explanation: It is the shortest distance between two points on Earth’s surface.
65. The Equator is considered a:
A) Small circle
B) Great Circle
C) Meridian
D) Hemisphere divider only
Answer: B) Great Circle
Explanation: The equator is the largest circle dividing Earth into equal halves.
66. All meridians (longitudes) are considered:
A) Great circles
B) Small circles
C) Tropics
D) Parallels
Answer: A) Great circles
Explanation: Every longitude passes through both poles, forming great circles.
67. Which of the following is NOT a great circle?
A) Equator
B) Any longitude (meridian)
C) Tropic of Cancer
D) Line connecting North Pole and South Pole
Answer: C) Tropic of Cancer
Explanation: Tropics and other latitudes (except Equator) are small circles.
68. The shortest air route between two distant places is along a:
A) Latitude line
B) Longitude line
C) Great Circle
D) Small Circle
Answer: C) Great Circle
Explanation: Great circles minimize travel distance and fuel costs.
69. The Earth rotates from:
A) West to East
B) East to West
C) North to South
D) South to North
Answer: A) West to East
Explanation: Hence, sun rises in the east.
70. If the local time at 90°E is 6:00 am, then the time at GMT (0°) will be:
A) 11:00 pm (previous day)
B) 12:00 midnight (previous day)
C) 12:00 am (same day)
D) 3:00 am (same day)
Answer: A) 11:00 pm (previous day)
Explanation: 90°E = 6 hours ahead of GMT → 6:00 am – 6 hours = 12:00 midnight.
71. When it is 12 noon at Greenwich, the time at 120°E longitude is:
A) 6:00 pm
B) 7:00 pm
C) 8:00 pm
D) 9:00 pm
Answer: A) 8:00 pm
Explanation: 120 ÷ 15 = 8 hours ahead.
72. If it is 6:00 pm at 45°E, what is the time at 45°W?
A) 6:00 am
B) 10:00 am
C) 12:00 noon
D) 2:00 pm
Answer: A) 6:00 am
Explanation: 90° difference = 6 hours. 6:00 pm – 6 hours = 12 noon; but since west, another 6 hours = 6 am.
73. The International Date Line ensures that:
A) The Earth has 12 months
B) Calendar dates are consistent worldwide
C) Seasons remain unchanged
D) Sun rises everywhere at same time
Answer: B) Calendar dates are consistent worldwide
Explanation: IDL maintains uniform calendar days across the globe.
74. The difference between local time and standard time is maximum in:
A) Large east–west countries (Russia, USA)
B) Small north–south countries (Chile)
C) Equatorial islands
D) Landlocked African nations
Answer: A) Large east–west countries (Russia, USA)
Explanation: Their longitudinal extent creates multiple time zones.
75. Which country has the unique time offset of +5:45 from GMT?
A) India
B) Nepal
C) Myanmar
D) Bhutan
Answer: B) Nepal
Explanation: Nepal Standard Time (NST) is GMT +5:45 (86°15′E meridian).
76. The coordinates 0° latitude and 0° longitude meet at:
A) Greenwich, London
B) Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic Ocean)
C) Indian Ocean
D) Pacific Ocean
Answer: B) Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic Ocean)
Explanation: The Equator and Prime Meridian intersect in the Gulf of Guinea, off Africa’s coast.
77. The “grid” formed by latitude and longitude on maps is known as:
A) Compass
B) Graticule
C) Hemisphere
D) Projection
Answer: B) Graticule
Explanation: The network of parallels (latitude) and meridians (longitude) is called a graticule.
78. Which statement is correct about latitudes and longitudes?
A) Latitudes converge at poles, longitudes remain parallel
B) Latitudes are parallel, longitudes converge at poles
C) Both latitudes and longitudes are parallel
D) Both converge at poles
Answer: B) Latitudes are parallel, longitudes converge at poles
Explanation: Latitudes are equidistant; meridians meet at poles.
79. The longitude 180° is important because it:
A) Divides Earth into East & West hemispheres
B) Coincides with the International Date Line (with deviations)
C) Is used as IST reference
D) Passes through India
Answer: B) Coincides with the International Date Line (with deviations)
Explanation: 180° meridian largely forms the IDL.
80. A globe shows accurate representation of:
A) Area
B) Shape
C) Distance
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Unlike maps, a globe preserves shape, area, and distance.
81. The angular distance between two meridians is called:
A) Latitude
B) Longitude
C) Difference of Longitude
D) Equinox
Answer: C) Difference of Longitude
Explanation: Time difference is calculated from this.
82. Which city lies closest to the Prime Meridian?
A) Paris
B) Accra
C) London
D) Madrid
Answer: C) London
Explanation: Greenwich, a part of London, is where the Prime Meridian passes.
83. Which of the following is NOT measured using latitude and longitude?
A) Exact position of a place
B) Distance between two places
C) Temperature of a place
D) Time difference between places
Answer: C) Temperature of a place
Explanation: Climate depends on latitude but not measured directly.
84. The great circle route is shortest because:
A) It avoids oceans
B) It passes along equator only
C) It cuts the spherical Earth into two equal halves
D) It avoids poles
Answer: C) It cuts the spherical Earth into two equal halves
Explanation: Great circles represent shortest path on a sphere.
85. In cartography, distortion in distance, shape, and area increases as we move:
A) Towards poles
B) Towards equator
C) Towards Tropic of Cancer
D) Towards Tropic of Capricorn
Answer: A) Towards poles
Explanation: Map projections distort most near the poles.
86. Which hemisphere has more land area?
A) Northern Hemisphere
B) Southern Hemisphere
C) Eastern Hemisphere
D) Western Hemisphere
Answer: A) Northern Hemisphere
Explanation: About 68% of Earth’s land lies north of the equator.
87. The Earth’s circumference along the equator is approximately:
A) 20,000 km
B) 30,000 km
C) 40,000 km
D) 50,000 km
Answer: C) 40,000 km
Explanation: Equatorial circumference = ~40,075 km.
88. Which hemisphere is called the “Land Hemisphere”?
A) Eastern Hemisphere
B) Northern Hemisphere
C) Southern Hemisphere
D) Western Hemisphere
Answer: B) Northern Hemisphere
Explanation: Because it has the majority of landmass.
89. Which hemisphere is called the “Water Hemisphere”?
A) Eastern Hemisphere
B) Southern Hemisphere
C) Western Hemisphere
D) Northern Hemisphere
Answer: C) Western Hemisphere
Explanation: Dominated by Pacific and Atlantic oceans.
90. The Tropic of Cancer passes through how many Indian states?
A) 6
B) 7
C) 8
D) 9
Answer: C) 8
Explanation: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, Mizoram.
91. Which Indian capital city is closest to the Tropic of Cancer?
A) Bhopal
B) Ranchi
C) Shillong
D) Jaipur
Answer: B) Ranchi
Explanation: Ranchi lies almost on the Tropic of Cancer.
92. The Tropic of Capricorn passes through which continents?
A) Africa, Asia, Australia
B) Africa, South America, Australia
C) North America, Africa, Australia
D) Africa only
Answer: B) Africa, South America, Australia
Explanation: It crosses Namibia, Botswana, Brazil, Australia, etc.
93. The Arctic Circle passes through which countries?
A) Russia, Canada, Norway, Sweden, Finland, USA, Greenland
B) India, China, Japan
C) Brazil, Argentina, Chile
D) Australia, New Zealand
Answer: A) Russia, Canada, Norway, Sweden, Finland, USA, Greenland
Explanation: These lie within the Arctic Circle.
94. The Antarctic Circle passes through:
A) Antarctica only
B) South America and Africa
C) Australia and Asia
D) Pacific islands
Answer: A) Antarctica only
Explanation: It encircles only the continent of Antarctica.
95. At the poles, the time difference between two longitudes 1° apart is:
A) 4 minutes
B) Zero
C) 6 minutes
D) 12 minutes
Answer: B) Zero
Explanation: All longitudes converge at the poles, so local time concept fails.
96. If it is 6:00 pm Tuesday at Tokyo (135°E), what will be the time at New York (75°W)?
A) 4:00 am Tuesday
B) 4:00 am Wednesday
C) 4:00 am Monday
D) 4:00 am Thursday
Answer: A) 4:00 am Tuesday
Explanation: Difference = 210° → 14 hours. Tokyo is ahead → subtract 14 hours.
97. If a ship sails westward across the IDL, it will:
A) Gain one day in the calendar
B) Lose one day in the calendar
C) Have no change
D) Move into a new season
Answer: A) Gain one day in the calendar
Explanation: Crossing IDL westward adds a day.
98. If a ship sails eastward across the IDL, it will:
A) Gain one day
B) Lose one day
C) No change
D) Skip one week
Answer: B) Lose one day
Explanation: Eastward crossing subtracts a day.
99. A place located at 23½° N latitude and 82°30′ E longitude would lie in:
A) Equatorial region
B) Tropic of Capricorn
C) Near Tropic of Cancer, India
D) Arctic Circle
Answer: C) Near Tropic of Cancer, India
Explanation: These coordinates fall in central India.
100. The importance of latitude and longitude system is:
A) Accurate determination of location, time, navigation, and mapping
B) Only for astronomy
C) Only for drawing maps
D) Only for agriculture
Answer: A) Accurate determination of location, time, navigation, and mapping
Explanation: The grid system is essential for global positioning and geography.