1. India’s agriculture is mainly:
A) Commercial
B) Subsistence
C) Mixed
D) Plantation
Answer: C
Explanation: India’s agriculture is subsistence-based but also has commercial elements; hence mixed farming.
2. About what percentage of India’s workforce is engaged in agriculture (as of 2021 Census estimates)?
A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 42%
D) 55%
Answer: C
Explanation: Around 42% of the workforce is still dependent on agriculture.
3. Agriculture in India contributes about ___% to GDP (2023-24).
A) 8%
B) 12%
C) 15-18%
D) 25%
Answer: C
Explanation: Agriculture contributes about 15–18% of India’s GDP.
4. Which type of agriculture is practiced in areas with small landholdings, traditional tools, and family labor?
A) Intensive subsistence
B) Extensive
C) Commercial
D) Plantation
Answer: A
Explanation: Intensive subsistence farming uses small land with high labor input.
5. Shifting cultivation in the North-East is called:
A) Podu
B) Jhum
C) Bewar
D) Penda
Answer: B
Explanation: Jhum cultivation is shifting agriculture in North-Eastern India.
6. The three cropping seasons in India are:
A) Summer, Winter, Autumn
B) Kharif, Rabi, Zaid
C) Spring, Autumn, Monsoon
D) Rabi, Zaid, Monsoon
Answer: B
Explanation: India has Kharif (monsoon), Rabi (winter), Zaid (summer) cropping seasons.
7. Rabi crops are sown in:
A) June–July
B) October–November
C) March–April
D) August–September
Answer: B
Explanation: Rabi crops are sown in October–November and harvested in March–April.
8. Kharif crops are harvested in:
A) March–April
B) October–November
C) January–February
D) May–June
Answer: B
Explanation: Kharif crops (like rice, cotton) are harvested Oct–Nov.
9. Zaid crops are grown in:
A) Winter season
B) Between Rabi and Kharif
C) Monsoon season
D) Post-monsoon
Answer: B
Explanation: Zaid crops (watermelon, cucumber, fodder) are grown between March–June.
10. The leading state in rice production in India is:
A) Punjab
B) Uttar Pradesh
C) West Bengal
D) Andhra Pradesh
Answer: C
Explanation: West Bengal is India’s largest rice producer.
11. The leading state in wheat production in India is:
A) Punjab
B) Uttar Pradesh
C) Haryana
D) Madhya Pradesh
Answer: B
Explanation: Uttar Pradesh is the top wheat-producing state.
12. India ranks ___ in the world in terms of arable land.
A) First
B) Second
C) Third
D) Fourth
Answer: A
Explanation: India has the world’s largest area of arable land (~156 million hectares).
13. Which crop is also known as “golden fibre”?
A) Cotton
B) Jute
C) Hemp
D) Coir
Answer: B
Explanation: Jute is called golden fibre due to its color and economic importance.
14. The leading sugarcane producing state in India is:
A) Bihar
B) Maharashtra
C) Uttar Pradesh
D) Tamil Nadu
Answer: C
Explanation: Uttar Pradesh is the top producer of sugarcane.
15. Which crop is called the “King of cereals”?
A) Rice
B) Wheat
C) Maize
D) Barley
Answer: A
Explanation: Rice is the staple food for over 60% of Indians.
16. Tea is a ___ crop in India.
A) Rabi
B) Kharif
C) Plantation
D) Zaid
Answer: C
Explanation: Tea is a plantation crop requiring humid climate.
17. India is the largest producer of which crop globally?
A) Rice
B) Wheat
C) Pulses
D) Coffee
Answer: C
Explanation: India is the world’s largest producer of pulses.
18. The leading maize-producing state in India is:
A) Bihar
B) Uttar Pradesh
C) Karnataka
D) Rajasthan
Answer: C
Explanation: Karnataka is the top producer of maize.
19. Which state is called the “Granary of India”?
A) Punjab
B) Haryana
C) Uttar Pradesh
D) Madhya Pradesh
Answer: A
Explanation: Punjab is called the “Granary of India” due to wheat and rice production.
20. Coffee cultivation in India is concentrated in:
A) Tamil Nadu
B) Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu
C) Assam
D) Andhra Pradesh
Answer: B
Explanation: Coffee is mainly grown in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
21. Which is the major fibre crop of India besides cotton?
A) Hemp
B) Jute
C) Coir
D) Silk
Answer: B
Explanation: Jute is a major fibre crop after cotton.
22. Which type of farming is practiced in Punjab and Haryana?
A) Shifting cultivation
B) Plantation farming
C) Intensive subsistence
D) Commercial farming
Answer: D
Explanation: Punjab and Haryana are known for commercial farming with mechanization.
23. Which is the staple food crop of eastern and southern India?
A) Wheat
B) Rice
C) Barley
D) Maize
Answer: B
Explanation: Rice is the staple food in these regions due to rainfall.
24. In India, wheat is mainly grown in which season?
A) Kharif
B) Rabi
C) Zaid
D) Summer
Answer: B
Explanation: Wheat is a Rabi crop grown in winter.
25. Which Indian state is famous for “black soil” suitable for cotton cultivation?
A) Punjab
B) Maharashtra
C) Uttar Pradesh
D) Bihar
Answer: B
Explanation: Maharashtra has Regur (black cotton soil) suitable for cotton.
26. Which state is the largest producer of rice in India?
A) Uttar Pradesh
B) Punjab
C) West Bengal
D) Andhra Pradesh
Answer: C
Explanation: West Bengal is the leading rice producer, followed by Uttar Pradesh and Punjab.
27. Which state is the largest producer of wheat in India?
A) Punjab
B) Haryana
C) Uttar Pradesh
D) Madhya Pradesh
Answer: C
Explanation: Uttar Pradesh produces the maximum wheat in India.
28. Maize is grown in which season mainly?
A) Rabi
B) Kharif
C) Zaid
D) Summer only
Answer: B
Explanation: Maize is primarily a Kharif crop, though also grown in Rabi in some states.
29. Which state is the leading producer of maize in India?
A) Rajasthan
B) Bihar
C) Karnataka
D) Uttar Pradesh
Answer: C
Explanation: Karnataka is the largest maize producer.
30. Pulses are mainly grown in which type of soil?
A) Alluvial
B) Sandy
C) Black soil
D) Dryland soils with low moisture
Answer: D
Explanation: Pulses need less water and dryland conditions, suited for low-fertility soils.
31. India is the largest producer of which among the following?
A) Pulses
B) Rice
C) Wheat
D) Maize
Answer: A
Explanation: India is the world’s largest producer and consumer of pulses.
32. The leading state in pulse production in India is:
A) Madhya Pradesh
B) Maharashtra
C) Uttar Pradesh
D) Rajasthan
Answer: A
Explanation: Madhya Pradesh contributes the most to India’s pulse production.
33. Which crop is known as “wonder crop” and is used for both food and fodder?
A) Rice
B) Maize
C) Wheat
D) Barley
Answer: B
Explanation: Maize is called the wonder crop because it is versatile for food, fodder, and industry.
34. Which state is the largest producer of coarse cereals (millets)?
A) Rajasthan
B) Karnataka
C) Maharashtra
D) Gujarat
Answer: A
Explanation: Rajasthan leads in bajra production and overall coarse cereals.
35. Which cereal is called the “poor man’s food”?
A) Rice
B) Wheat
C) Millets (Jowar, Bajra, Ragi)
D) Maize
Answer: C
Explanation: Millets are low-cost, nutritious and consumed by poor farmers, hence called poor man’s food.
36. The leading producer of sugarcane in India is:
A) Maharashtra
B) Uttar Pradesh
C) Tamil Nadu
D) Karnataka
Answer: B
Explanation: Uttar Pradesh tops in sugarcane production, followed by Maharashtra.
37. Which state is the largest cotton producer in India?
A) Punjab
B) Gujarat
C) Maharashtra
D) Andhra Pradesh
Answer: B
Explanation: Gujarat is India’s largest cotton producer.
38. Cotton requires which type of soil?
A) Laterite
B) Alluvial
C) Black cotton soil (Regur)
D) Sandy soil
Answer: C
Explanation: Cotton grows well in black soil, which retains moisture.
39. Which state is the leading producer of jute in India?
A) Bihar
B) Assam
C) West Bengal
D) Odisha
Answer: C
Explanation: West Bengal dominates jute production, especially in the Ganga delta.
40. Tea grows best in which conditions?
A) Hot and dry climate
B) Cool, humid climate with rainfall above 200 cm
C) Sandy desert soil
D) Coastal saline areas
Answer: B
Explanation: Tea requires humid climate, rainfall >200 cm and sloping land.
41. The largest tea-producing state of India is:
A) Tamil Nadu
B) Assam
C) West Bengal
D) Kerala
Answer: B
Explanation: Assam is the largest tea-producing state.
42. The largest coffee-producing state in India is:
A) Tamil Nadu
B) Kerala
C) Karnataka
D) Andhra Pradesh
Answer: C
Explanation: Karnataka contributes ~70% of India’s coffee.
43. India is the world’s largest producer of which cash crop?
A) Coffee
B) Tea
C) Jute
D) Cotton
Answer: C
Explanation: India is the largest producer of jute in the world.
44. Which state is the leading producer of groundnut in India?
A) Gujarat
B) Andhra Pradesh
C) Maharashtra
D) Tamil Nadu
Answer: A
Explanation: Gujarat is the top groundnut-producing state.
45. Which state is the leading producer of oilseeds in India?
A) Rajasthan
B) Gujarat
C) Maharashtra
D) Madhya Pradesh
Answer: D
Explanation: Madhya Pradesh leads in oilseeds (mainly soybean).
46. The leading tobacco-producing state in India is:
A) Andhra Pradesh
B) Gujarat
C) Karnataka
D) Maharashtra
Answer: B
Explanation: Gujarat is the largest tobacco producer.
47. Which fruit crop makes India the world’s largest producer?
A) Mango
B) Apple
C) Banana
D) Grapes
Answer: A
Explanation: India is the largest producer of mangoes in the world.
48. Which state is the largest banana producer in India?
A) Kerala
B) Maharashtra
C) Tamil Nadu
D) Gujarat
Answer: C
Explanation: Tamil Nadu produces the maximum bananas.
49. Rubber cultivation in India is concentrated in:
A) Karnataka
B) Kerala and Tamil Nadu
C) Assam
D) Odisha
Answer: B
Explanation: Rubber plantations are mainly in Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
50. Which crop requires temperatures above 200°C days for ripening and is used for making jaggery and ethanol?
A) Cotton
B) Sugarcane
C) Jute
D) Tobacco
Answer: B
Explanation: Sugarcane requires high temperatures and is used for sugar, jaggery, and ethanol.
51. The largest source of irrigation in India is:
A) Wells and Tubewells
B) Canals
C) Tanks
D) Rainwater harvesting
Answer: A
Explanation: Wells and tubewells account for the largest share (~60%) of irrigation in India.
52. The largest irrigated crop in India is:
A) Wheat
B) Rice
C) Sugarcane
D) Cotton
Answer: A
Explanation: Wheat is the most irrigated crop in India, mainly in Punjab, Haryana, UP.
53. The state with the highest irrigated area in India is:
A) Punjab
B) Uttar Pradesh
C) Rajasthan
D) Haryana
Answer: B
Explanation: Uttar Pradesh has the largest net irrigated area in India.
54. Which state has the highest percentage of its cultivated area under irrigation?
A) Punjab
B) Haryana
C) Uttar Pradesh
D) Bihar
Answer: A
Explanation: Punjab has the highest proportion of cultivated land under irrigation (>90%).
55. Canal irrigation is most common in:
A) Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh
B) Maharashtra, Gujarat
C) Tamil Nadu, Kerala
D) Assam, Meghalaya
Answer: A
Explanation: Northern plains with perennial rivers are ideal for canal irrigation.
56. Tank irrigation is most prevalent in:
A) Rajasthan
B) Tamil Nadu and Karnataka
C) Punjab
D) Haryana
Answer: B
Explanation: Southern India (Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh) uses tanks for irrigation.
57. The Green Revolution in India started in:
A) 1947
B) 1950s
C) 1960s
D) 1970s
Answer: C
Explanation: The Green Revolution began in mid-1960s with HYV seeds and irrigation expansion.
58. Who is known as the “Father of Green Revolution in India”?
A) Dr. Norman Borlaug
B) Dr. Verghese Kurien
C) Dr. M.S. Swaminathan
D) Dr. Raj Krishna
Answer: C
Explanation: Dr. M.S. Swaminathan is called the Father of Green Revolution in India.
59. The Green Revolution was first introduced for which crops?
A) Rice and Wheat
B) Cotton and Jute
C) Pulses and Oilseeds
D) Tea and Coffee
Answer: A
Explanation: HYV seeds were first applied to wheat and rice in Punjab, Haryana, Western UP.
60. The term “Green Revolution” was first used by:
A) Norman Borlaug
B) William Gaud
C) M.S. Swaminathan
D) Raj Krishna
Answer: B
Explanation: William Gaud (1968) first used the term “Green Revolution.”
61. Which state is called the “cradle of Green Revolution in India”?
A) Uttar Pradesh
B) Haryana
C) Punjab
D) Bihar
Answer: C
Explanation: Punjab was the heartland of the Green Revolution.
62. The “White Revolution” in India is associated with:
A) Wheat production
B) Milk production
C) Sugar production
D) Cotton production
Answer: B
Explanation: White Revolution (Operation Flood) was about milk production, led by Verghese Kurien.
63. The “Blue Revolution” refers to:
A) Fertilizer production
B) Oilseed production
C) Fish and aquaculture development
D) Water conservation
Answer: C
Explanation: Blue Revolution refers to growth of fisheries and aquaculture.
64. The “Golden Revolution” is related to:
A) Horticulture and honey
B) Pulses
C) Oilseeds
D) Rice production
Answer: A
Explanation: Golden Revolution is associated with horticulture and honey production.
65. The “Silver Revolution” is linked with:
A) Egg production
B) Oilseeds
C) Cotton
D) Jute
Answer: A
Explanation: Silver Revolution is related to poultry and egg production.
66. The “Grey Revolution” is associated with:
A) Fertilizers
B) Cement
C) Irrigation
D) Pesticides
Answer: A
Explanation: Grey Revolution refers to the increased use of fertilizers.
67. The “Evergreen Revolution” is associated with:
A) Sustainable agriculture
B) Fertilizer use
C) Mechanization
D) Genetically modified crops
Answer: A
Explanation: Term coined by M.S. Swaminathan for sustainable agriculture without harming environment.
68. The “Operation Green” is aimed at stabilizing prices of:
A) Wheat and rice
B) Tomato, Onion, Potato (TOP)
C) Cotton and jute
D) Pulses
Answer: B
Explanation: Operation Green (2018) aims at stabilizing supply and prices of tomato, onion, potato.
69. The First Five-Year Plan focused on which sector?
A) Industry
B) Agriculture
C) Infrastructure
D) Trade
Answer: B
Explanation: The First Plan (1951–56) gave priority to agriculture and irrigation.
70. The Community Development Programme (1952) was launched for:
A) Industrial development
B) Rural development and agriculture
C) Trade promotion
D) Land reforms
Answer: B
Explanation: It was the first major program for rural development in India.
71. The Intensive Agricultural District Programme (IADP) was launched in:
A) 1950
B) 1952
C) 1960
D) 1965
Answer: C
Explanation: IADP (1960) aimed at modernizing agriculture in selected districts.
72. The Minimum Support Price (MSP) system was started in which year?
A) 1950
B) 1960
C) 1965
D) 1975
Answer: C
Explanation: MSP was introduced in 1965 to encourage farmers to adopt HYV crops.
73. The Kisan Credit Card scheme was launched in:
A) 1995
B) 1998
C) 2000
D) 2005
Answer: B
Explanation: Kisan Credit Card (1998) was introduced by NABARD to provide easy credit to farmers.
74. The Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) was launched in:
A) 2000
B) 2005
C) 2007
D) 2010
Answer: C
Explanation: RKVY (2007) aims at achieving 4% annual growth in agriculture.
75. Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) is related to:
A) Minimum support price
B) Crop insurance
C) Fertilizer subsidy
D) Agricultural export
Answer: B
Explanation: PMFBY (2016) provides crop insurance against natural calamities.
76. The “Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY)” mainly aims at:
A) Crop insurance
B) Irrigation and water use efficiency
C) Fertilizer subsidy
D) Horticulture promotion
Answer: B
Explanation: PMKSY (2015) focuses on irrigation, water conservation and “Har Khet Ko Pani.”
77. “Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY)” is related to:
A) Hybrid seed promotion
B) Organic farming
C) Mechanization
D) Agricultural exports
Answer: B
Explanation: PKVY promotes organic farming through clusters and certification.
78. Soil Health Card Scheme was launched in:
A) 2010
B) 2012
C) 2015
D) 2017
Answer: C
Explanation: Launched in 2015, it provides farmers information about nutrient status of soil.
79. Which mission is aimed at increasing production of oilseeds and pulses?
A) NFSM
B) NMOOP
C) MIDH
D) PMFBY
Answer: B
Explanation: National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil Palm (NMOOP) targets oilseed and palm oil production.
80. “e-NAM” is a program related to:
A) Online agricultural education
B) National Agriculture Market (digital platform for mandis)
C) Export subsidy
D) Soil testing
Answer: B
Explanation: e-NAM is an electronic trading portal for agricultural commodities across India.
81. Which state is the largest producer of milk in India?
A) Punjab
B) Gujarat
C) Uttar Pradesh
D) Rajasthan
Answer: C
Explanation: Uttar Pradesh is the largest milk producer, followed by Rajasthan.
82. India is the largest producer of which in the world?
A) Tea and rice
B) Pulses and milk
C) Coffee and wheat
D) Jute and maize
Answer: B
Explanation: India is the world’s largest producer of milk and pulses.
83. Operation Flood was launched in:
A) 1960
B) 1965
C) 1970
D) 1980
Answer: C
Explanation: Operation Flood (1970), led by Verghese Kurien, made India the largest milk producer.
84. Which state is the top producer of horticultural crops in India?
A) West Bengal
B) Uttar Pradesh
C) Maharashtra
D) Andhra Pradesh
Answer: B
Explanation: Uttar Pradesh leads in horticulture (fruits and vegetables).
85. “National Horticulture Mission (NHM)” was launched in:
A) 2000
B) 2003–04
C) 2005–06
D) 2010–11
Answer: C
Explanation: NHM (2005–06) was launched to promote diversification towards horticulture.
86. Which is India’s largest spice-producing state?
A) Kerala
B) Andhra Pradesh
C) Gujarat
D) Madhya Pradesh
Answer: B
Explanation: Andhra Pradesh is India’s largest spice producer.
87. Which crop is most affected by the El Niño phenomenon in India?
A) Wheat
B) Rice (Kharif)
C) Sugarcane
D) Jute
Answer: B
Explanation: El Niño weakens monsoon rainfall, affecting rice the most.
88. The “Minimum Support Price (MSP)” is recommended by:
A) RBI
B) Ministry of Agriculture
C) NITI Aayog
D) CACP
Answer: D
Explanation: Commission for Agricultural Costs & Prices (CACP) recommends MSP.
89. Which state has the highest production of fruits in India?
A) Maharashtra
B) Uttar Pradesh
C) Andhra Pradesh
D) Tamil Nadu
Answer: B
Explanation: UP leads in fruit production, especially mango and guava.
90. Which crop is supported under “Operation Green”?
A) Wheat
B) Tomato, Onion, Potato (TOP)
C) Cotton and Jute
D) Pulses
Answer: B
Explanation: Operation Green stabilizes prices of TOP crops (Tomato, Onion, Potato).
91. Which state is the largest producer of spices like cardamom and pepper?
A) Kerala
B) Karnataka
C) Tamil Nadu
D) Assam
Answer: A
Explanation: Kerala is famous for cardamom, pepper, nutmeg, etc.
92. The “National Food Security Mission (NFSM)” focuses mainly on:
A) Cereals, pulses, oilseeds
B) Fruits and vegetables
C) Plantation crops
D) Fisheries
Answer: A
Explanation: NFSM (2007) promotes cereals, pulses and oilseeds.
93. The “Integrated Scheme for Oilseeds, Pulses, Oil Palm & Maize (ISOPOM)” was merged into:
A) RKVY
B) NFSM
C) PM-Kisan
D) NMOOP
Answer: D
Explanation: ISOPOM was merged into NMOOP.
94. The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-Kisan) provides farmers:
A) Free seeds
B) Direct cash transfer of ₹6000 annually
C) Subsidy on fertilizers
D) MSP guarantee
Answer: B
Explanation: PM-Kisan (2019) provides ₹6,000 annually in 3 installments to small farmers.
95. Which is the major Rabi oilseed crop of India?
A) Mustard
B) Groundnut
C) Sunflower
D) Soybean
Answer: A
Explanation: Mustard is the most important Rabi oilseed crop.
96. Which Indian state has the maximum area under oil palm cultivation?
A) Andhra Pradesh
B) Karnataka
C) Tamil Nadu
D) Gujarat
Answer: A
Explanation: Andhra Pradesh has the largest oil palm area under NMOOP.
97. Which state is the largest producer of soybean in India?
A) Madhya Pradesh
B) Maharashtra
C) Rajasthan
D) Karnataka
Answer: A
Explanation: Madhya Pradesh is India’s top soybean producer (~50% share).
98. Which state is the leading wheat producer after UP?
A) Punjab
B) Madhya Pradesh
C) Haryana
D) Rajasthan
Answer: B
Explanation: In recent years, Madhya Pradesh has emerged as the 2nd largest wheat producer.
99. Which sector employs the largest number of people in India?
A) Industry
B) Agriculture
C) Services
D) IT
Answer: B
Explanation: Despite declining share in GDP, agriculture employs ~42% of India’s workforce.
100. Which is the largest agricultural export commodity of India (2022–23)?
A) Rice
B) Cotton
C) Tea
D) Coffee
Answer: A
Explanation: Rice (basmati + non-basmati) is India’s largest agri-export item.