1. The climate of India is mainly described as:
A) Equatorial
B) Tropical Monsoon
C) Mediterranean
D) Desert type
Answer: B
Explanation: India has a Tropical Monsoon climate due to seasonal reversal of winds.
2. The most important factor influencing Indian climate is:
A) Himalayas
B) Indian Ocean
C) Monsoon winds
D) Latitude
Answer: C
Explanation: The monsoon system is the key determinant of India’s climate.
3. Which latitudinal line passes through the middle of India?
A) Equator
B) Tropic of Cancer
C) Arctic Circle
D) None
Answer: B
Explanation: The Tropic of Cancer (23.5°N) divides India into two halves.
4. The Himalayas influence Indian climate by:
A) Blocking cold Siberian winds
B) Stopping monsoon winds from crossing northwards
C) Both A and B
D) None
Answer: C
Explanation: Himalayas act as a barrier, blocking cold winds from Central Asia and trapping monsoon winds.
5. Which two seas surround the Indian Peninsula?
A) Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal
B) Arabian Sea and Red Sea
C) Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea
D) Arabian Sea and Mediterranean
Answer: A
Explanation: The Indian peninsula is flanked by Arabian Sea (west) and Bay of Bengal (east).
6. The retreating monsoon occurs in which months?
A) June–July
B) August–September
C) October–November
D) December–January
Answer: C
Explanation: The retreating monsoon occurs from October–November, marked by post-monsoon cyclones.
7. The hot weather season in India lasts from:
A) February–May
B) March–June
C) May–July
D) April–September
Answer: B
Explanation: The summer (hot weather season) lasts March–June.
8. The highest temperature in India is usually recorded in:
A) April
B) May
C) June
D) July
Answer: B
Explanation: The hottest month in north India is May.
9. The onset of the southwest monsoon over Kerala is generally on:
A) 1st May
B) 15th May
C) 1st June
D) 15th June
Answer: C
Explanation: The SW monsoon arrives in Kerala by 1st June.
10. The Bay of Bengal branch of monsoon first strikes:
A) Tamil Nadu coast
B) Andaman & Nicobar Islands
C) Odisha coast
D) West Bengal
Answer: B
Explanation: The Bay of Bengal branch first hits Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
11. The Arabian Sea branch of monsoon first strikes:
A) Tamil Nadu coast
B) Kerala coast
C) Konkan coast
D) Gujarat coast
Answer: B
Explanation: Arabian Sea branch first reaches Kerala.
12. The monsoon in India is caused due to:
A) Land-sea heating contrast
B) Himalayas blocking cold winds
C) Jet streams and ITCZ shift
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: Indian monsoon is caused by land-sea contrast, ITCZ shift, and jet streams.
13. The ITCZ (Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone) during monsoon shifts to:
A) Over the Equator
B) Over the Tropic of Cancer
C) Near 20°N latitude
D) Over the Himalayas
Answer: C
Explanation: ITCZ shifts northwards near 20°N during monsoon.
14. The local hot dry wind of north India in summer is called:
A) Loo
B) Kalbaisakhi
C) Mango showers
D) Nor’wester
Answer: A
Explanation: Loo are hot dry winds blowing in May–June in north India.
15. The pre-monsoon thunder showers in Bengal are called:
A) Mango showers
B) Nor’westers (Kalbaisakhi)
C) Loo
D) Cyclones
Answer: B
Explanation: Kalbaisakhi (Nor’westers) are pre-monsoon thunderstorms in Bengal and Assam.
16. The pre-monsoon showers in Kerala and Karnataka are called:
A) Mango showers
B) Nor’westers
C) Loo
D) Westerlies
Answer: A
Explanation: Mango showers help in ripening mangoes in Kerala and Karnataka.
17. The winter rainfall in north-western India is mainly due to:
A) Retreating monsoon
B) Cyclonic storms from Mediterranean (Western Disturbances)
C) Loo winds
D) Jet streams
Answer: B
Explanation: Western Disturbances bring winter rainfall in Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan.
18. Tamil Nadu receives winter rainfall mainly due to:
A) Western disturbances
B) Retreating monsoon (NE Monsoon)
C) Nor’westers
D) Local convection
Answer: B
Explanation: Tamil Nadu receives winter rainfall from NE monsoon (Oct–Dec).
19. The cold weather season in India lasts from:
A) October–November
B) November–February
C) December–March
D) January–April
Answer: B
Explanation: Cold weather (winter) season = November to February.
20. The jet streams that influence the Indian monsoon are:
A) Polar easterly jet
B) Subtropical westerly jet & tropical easterly jet
C) Trade winds
D) Monsoon jet only
Answer: B
Explanation: Indian monsoon is influenced by Subtropical Westerly Jet (SWJ) & Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ).
21. Which ocean current strengthens the southwest monsoon in India?
A) El Niño
B) Humboldt Current
C) Somali Current
D) Gulf Stream
Answer: C
Explanation: Somali Current strengthens SW monsoon winds.
22. Which is the wettest place in India?
A) Cherrapunji
B) Mawsynram
C) Agumbe
D) Mahabaleshwar
Answer: B
Explanation: Mawsynram (Meghalaya) is the wettest place with >11,800 mm annual rainfall.
23. The rain shadow region of India is:
A) Thar Desert
B) Deccan Plateau (Leeward side of Western Ghats)
C) Assam Valley
D) Kashmir Valley
Answer: B
Explanation: The Deccan plateau (Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana) lies in the rain shadow of Western Ghats.
24. The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) is headquartered at:
A) Mumbai
B) Delhi
C) Pune
D) Chennai
Answer: C
Explanation: IMD HQ is at Pune with forecasting centers in Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata.
25. Which factor causes the difference in climate between coastal and inland regions of India?
A) Latitude
B) Altitude
C) Continentality (distance from sea)
D) Monsoon winds
Answer: C
Explanation: Continentality causes inland areas to have extreme climate, while coastal areas have moderate climate.
26. Which part of India receives the earliest rainfall from the southwest monsoon?
A) Konkan Coast
B) Kerala Coast
C) Tamil Nadu Coast
D) Gujarat Coast
Answer: B
Explanation: The Kerala coast receives the earliest rainfall, marking the onset of the SW monsoon (1st June).
27. Which of the following receives the first rainfall from the Bay of Bengal branch of the monsoon?
A) Odisha
B) West Bengal
C) Andaman & Nicobar Islands
D) Andhra Pradesh
Answer: C
Explanation: The Bay of Bengal branch first strikes the Andaman & Nicobar Islands in May.
28. Which part of India receives the highest rainfall from the southwest monsoon?
A) Western Rajasthan
B) Gujarat Coast
C) Mawsynram and Cherrapunji (Meghalaya)
D) Punjab
Answer: C
Explanation: Mawsynram and Cherrapunji (Meghalaya hills) receive the heaviest rainfall due to orographic effect.
29. Which part of India receives the least rainfall from the southwest monsoon?
A) Rajasthan and Ladakh
B) Western Ghats
C) Assam
D) Kerala
Answer: A
Explanation: Rajasthan and Ladakh are arid regions with very low rainfall (<10 cm).
30. The monsoon rainfall in India is mainly:
A) Cyclonic rainfall
B) Convectional rainfall
C) Orographic rainfall
D) Frontal rainfall
Answer: C
Explanation: The SW monsoon winds rise over mountains, giving orographic rainfall.
31. The rain shadow region of India is located on the:
A) Windward side of Western Ghats
B) Leeward side of Western Ghats
C) Windward side of Himalayas
D) Indo-Gangetic Plain
Answer: B
Explanation: The leeward side (Deccan Plateau) lies in the rain shadow of Western Ghats.
32. Retreating monsoon causes heavy rainfall in:
A) Punjab
B) Gujarat
C) Tamil Nadu
D) Rajasthan
Answer: C
Explanation: The retreating (NE) monsoon brings winter rains to Tamil Nadu (Oct–Dec).
33. Which is the only state in India to receive rainfall from both SW and NE monsoon?
A) Kerala
B) Andhra Pradesh
C) Tamil Nadu
D) Odisha
Answer: C
Explanation: Tamil Nadu receives rainfall from both SW and NE monsoons.
34. The monsoon is irregular in India due to:
A) Variation in ITCZ movement
B) Influence of El Niño & La Niña
C) Differences in local relief
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: Monsoon irregularity is due to ITCZ shifts, ENSO events, and relief features.
35. The break in monsoon is caused by:
A) Sudden burst of rainfall
B) Temporary weakening of monsoon winds
C) Retreat of monsoon
D) Cyclones in Bay of Bengal
Answer: B
Explanation: Break in monsoon = temporary dry spells during monsoon due to weakening of winds.
36. The western coast of India receives heavy rainfall due to:
A) Retreating monsoon
B) NE trade winds
C) SW monsoon Arabian Sea branch
D) Western disturbances
Answer: C
Explanation: The Arabian Sea branch of SW monsoon gives heavy rain to Western Ghats.
37. Which part of India receives rainfall mainly in winter due to western disturbances?
A) NE India
B) NW India (Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan)
C) Western Ghats
D) Deccan Plateau
Answer: B
Explanation: Western Disturbances bring winter rainfall to NW India.
38. Retreating monsoon is accompanied by:
A) Cyclonic depressions in Bay of Bengal
B) Heavy snowfall in Himalayas
C) Westerly disturbances
D) Hot winds (loo)
Answer: A
Explanation: Retreating monsoon (Oct–Nov) is accompanied by cyclones in Bay of Bengal.
39. Which region receives rainfall twice – once in summer and once in winter?
A) Punjab
B) Tamil Nadu
C) Kerala
D) Rajasthan
Answer: B
Explanation: Tamil Nadu receives SW monsoon spillover + NE monsoon winter rains.
40. The western Rajasthan gets rainfall mainly from:
A) Retreating monsoon
B) SW monsoon (occasional)
C) Western disturbances
D) Both B and C
Answer: D
Explanation: Rajasthan gets occasional SW monsoon rains and winter rain from western disturbances.
41. The rainfall distribution in India is highly influenced by:
A) Monsoon winds
B) Relief features (mountains)
C) Distance from sea (continentality)
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: India’s rainfall distribution depends on monsoon, relief, and continentality.
42. Which region is famous for “Mango showers”?
A) Tamil Nadu coast
B) Karnataka and Kerala
C) Punjab
D) Assam
Answer: B
Explanation: Mango showers (Apr–May) help ripening mangoes in Kerala & Karnataka.
43. Which local wind is hot and dry, blowing in summer over North India?
A) Nor’westers
B) Loo
C) Mango showers
D) Cyclonic wind
Answer: B
Explanation: Loo = hot, dry summer winds of north India (May–June).
44. Nor’westers (Kalbaisakhi) are violent thunderstorms occurring in:
A) Punjab
B) Tamil Nadu
C) Assam and West Bengal
D) Rajasthan
Answer: C
Explanation: Nor’westers (Kalbaisakhi) occur in Assam and Bengal during pre-monsoon.
45. The Indian monsoon is described as:
A) Regular and predictable
B) Seasonal reversal of winds
C) Permanent trade winds
D) Mediterranean type
Answer: B
Explanation: Monsoon = seasonal reversal of winds, unique to tropical regions like India.
46. The normal withdrawal of SW monsoon from northwest India begins in:
A) August
B) September
C) October
D) November
Answer: B
Explanation: SW monsoon starts withdrawing in September from NW India.
47. Which of the following regions gets rainfall in winter due to NE monsoon?
A) Punjab plains
B) Deccan Plateau
C) Tamil Nadu coast
D) Kashmir valley
Answer: C
Explanation: Tamil Nadu coast gets NE monsoon rains (Oct–Dec).
48. Which factor leads to rainfall in the Khasi hills (Mawsynram, Cherrapunji)?
A) Convectional rainfall
B) Orographic lifting of Bay of Bengal branch
C) Cyclonic rainfall
D) Retreating monsoon
Answer: B
Explanation: Moist Bay of Bengal winds hit Khasi hills, causing heavy rainfall.
49. The rainfall pattern in western Rajasthan is mainly due to:
A) Bay of Bengal branch
B) Arabian Sea branch
C) Western disturbances
D) Local convection
Answer: C
Explanation: Western disturbances give occasional winter rainfall in Rajasthan.
50. Which part of India experiences tropical cyclones during monsoon retreat?
A) Punjab plains
B) Gujarat coast
C) East coast (Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu)
D) Rajasthan
Answer: C
Explanation: Bay of Bengal cyclones hit Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu during retreating monsoon.
51. The climatic classification of India was first attempted by:
A) Koeppen
B) Thornthwaite
C) Stamp
D) Blanford
Answer: D
Explanation: Blanford was the first to classify Indian climate; later Koeppen and Stamp refined it.
52. According to Koeppen’s classification, most of India belongs to which climatic type?
A) Am – Tropical Monsoon
B) Aw – Tropical Savanna
C) BWh – Hot Desert
D) Cwa – Subtropical Humid
Answer: B
Explanation: Most of India falls under Aw (Tropical Savanna/Monsoon climate).
53. The hot desert climate of India is found in:
A) Deccan Plateau
B) Punjab Plains
C) Rajasthan (Thar Desert)
D) Ladakh only
Answer: C
Explanation: Thar Desert (Rajasthan) has a hot desert climate (BWh in Koeppen).
54. The cold desert region in India is:
A) Rann of Kutch
B) Ladakh and Spiti Valley
C) Punjab
D) Nilgiris
Answer: B
Explanation: Ladakh and Spiti (Himalayas) have cold desert climate (BWk).
55. The Coromandel Coast (Tamil Nadu) receives rainfall mainly from:
A) SW monsoon
B) NE monsoon
C) Western disturbances
D) Local thunderstorms
Answer: B
Explanation: Coromandel Coast gets winter rainfall from NE monsoon (Oct–Dec).
56. Which region in India is most prone to cyclones?
A) West Coast (Konkan)
B) East Coast (Bay of Bengal)
C) Punjab
D) Thar Desert
Answer: B
Explanation: Bay of Bengal coast (Odisha, Andhra, Bengal) is cyclone-prone.
57. Which months have the highest frequency of tropical cyclones in India?
A) April–May and October–November
B) June–July
C) December–January
D) February–March
Answer: A
Explanation: Cyclones are most common in pre-monsoon (Apr–May) and post-monsoon (Oct–Nov).
58. The term “Monsoon Trough” refers to:
A) ITCZ over India
B) Zone of low pressure along Indo-Gangetic plain
C) Cyclonic depression over Bay of Bengal
D) Westerly jet
Answer: B
Explanation: Monsoon Trough is a low-pressure belt along the Indo-Gangetic plain during monsoon.
59. Which is the driest place in India?
A) Jaisalmer (Rajasthan)
B) Leh (Ladakh)
C) Bikaner (Rajasthan)
D) Kutch (Gujarat)
Answer: B
Explanation: Leh (Ladakh) is the driest place with rainfall <10 cm.
60. The highest recorded annual rainfall in India is at:
A) Mawsynram (Meghalaya)
B) Agumbe (Karnataka)
C) Cherrapunji (Meghalaya)
D) Mahabaleshwar (Maharashtra)
Answer: A
Explanation: Mawsynram (Meghalaya) receives ~11,800 mm, the highest in India.
61. “El Niño” is associated with:
A) Warming of Pacific Ocean waters
B) Cooling of Indian Ocean
C) Heavy snowfall in Himalayas
D) Strong Somali Current
Answer: A
Explanation: El Niño = abnormal warming of Pacific waters, weakens Indian monsoon.
62. El Niño generally causes in India:
A) Strong monsoon rains
B) Droughts and weak monsoon
C) Excess cyclones
D) Heavy winter rains
Answer: B
Explanation: El Niño = weak monsoon, drought in India (though not always).
63. La Niña is associated with:
A) Cooling of Pacific Ocean waters
B) Weak Indian monsoon
C) Dry winters in India
D) High temperatures in Africa
Answer: A
Explanation: La Niña = unusual cooling of Pacific waters, often leading to good monsoons in India.
64. The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) influences Indian climate by:
A) Affecting Pacific winds
B) Affecting Bay of Bengal cyclones
C) Regulating monsoon rainfall
D) Preventing western disturbances
Answer: C
Explanation: Positive IOD = good monsoon rains in India, Negative IOD = poor monsoon.
65. The region that receives rainfall due to western disturbances in winter is:
A) Tamil Nadu
B) Punjab–Haryana–Delhi belt
C) Deccan Plateau
D) Kerala
Answer: B
Explanation: Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, western UP get winter rains due to western disturbances.
66. Which region is called the “rice bowl” due to heavy monsoon rainfall?
A) Punjab
B) Deccan Plateau
C) North-East India
D) Indo-Gangetic Plains (East India)
Answer: D
Explanation: Eastern Indo-Gangetic plains + coastal Andhra = rice bowl of India.
67. Which ocean current weakens during El Niño, reducing Indian monsoon rainfall?
A) Somali Current
B) Peru Current
C) Kuroshio Current
D) Gulf Stream
Answer: A
Explanation: Somali Current weakens during El Niño → weaker monsoon.
68. The Konkan and Malabar coasts receive rainfall due to:
A) Bay of Bengal branch
B) Arabian Sea branch
C) NE monsoon
D) Western disturbances
Answer: B
Explanation: Arabian Sea branch gives heavy rainfall to Konkan–Malabar coast.
69. The “October Heat” refers to:
A) Very hot weather before retreating monsoon
B) Hot winds in April
C) Hot summers in May
D) Winter sunshine
Answer: A
Explanation: October Heat = high humidity + high temperature after monsoon withdrawal.
70. Which region of India is prone to both droughts and floods in the same year?
A) Punjab–Haryana
B) Deccan Plateau
C) Eastern India (Bihar, Assam, Bengal)
D) Rajasthan
Answer: C
Explanation: Bihar–Assam–Bengal face floods due to excess rains and droughts in rain-deficit years.
71. Which type of cyclone affects India during post-monsoon?
A) Temperate cyclones
B) Tropical cyclones in Bay of Bengal
C) Westerlies
D) Dust storms
Answer: B
Explanation: Bay of Bengal tropical cyclones strike east coast during Oct–Nov.
72. The Bay of Bengal cyclones usually move towards:
A) Arabian Sea
B) Eastern Africa
C) Eastern coast of India & Bangladesh
D) Sri Lanka only
Answer: C
Explanation: Bay of Bengal cyclones usually move NW towards India and Bangladesh.
73. Which is the most cyclone-prone state of India?
A) Tamil Nadu
B) Andhra Pradesh
C) Odisha
D) West Bengal
Answer: C
Explanation: Odisha is the most cyclone-prone state in India.
74. Cloudbursts in India are most common in:
A) Rajasthan
B) Kerala
C) Himalayas (J&K, Uttarakhand, Himachal)
D) Gujarat
Answer: C
Explanation: Cloudbursts are common in Himalayan states due to orographic uplift.
75. Which year is remembered for India’s worst drought due to El Niño?
A) 1965–66
B) 1972
C) 1987
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: Major droughts in 1965–66, 1972, 1987 were linked to El Niño events.
76. The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) declares a drought when rainfall deficiency is:
A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 25% or more
D) 50% or more
Answer: C
Explanation: A drought is declared when seasonal rainfall deficiency exceeds 25% of long-period average (LPA).
77. The “Long Period Average (LPA)” of India’s monsoon rainfall is about:
A) 75 cm
B) 88 cm
C) 100 cm
D) 120 cm
Answer: B
Explanation: India’s LPA rainfall (1871–2020) is 88 cm annually.
78. Which year is remembered as the worst monsoon failure in recent Indian history?
A) 2002
B) 2009
C) 2015
D) 2018
Answer: B
Explanation: 2009 witnessed the worst monsoon failure in recent years (22% below LPA).
79. The “Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)” is monitored by which agency in India?
A) IMD
B) INCOIS
C) ISRO
D) CSIR
Answer: B
Explanation: INCOIS (Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services) tracks IOD and ocean events.
80. Which climate phenomenon strongly influences India’s food grain production?
A) Western disturbances
B) El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
C) Jet streams
D) Gulf Stream
Answer: B
Explanation: ENSO (El Niño + La Niña) impacts monsoon rainfall and hence agriculture.
81. The “National Monsoon Mission” was launched in:
A) 2000
B) 2007
C) 2012
D) 2017
Answer: C
Explanation: NMM (2012) was launched to improve monsoon prediction models.
82. The “National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)” was launched in:
A) 2005
B) 2008
C) 2010
D) 2012
Answer: B
Explanation: NAPCC (2008) includes 8 national missions (solar, energy efficiency, water, etc.).
83. Which mission under NAPCC directly deals with afforestation?
A) National Water Mission
B) National Solar Mission
C) National Mission for Green India
D) National Sustainable Habitat Mission
Answer: C
Explanation: Green India Mission promotes afforestation and eco-restoration.
84. Which mission under NAPCC focuses on Himalayan ecosystems?
A) National Water Mission
B) National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem (NMSHE)
C) National Electric Mobility Mission
D) Solar Mission
Answer: B
Explanation: NMSHE aims at sustaining fragile Himalayan ecosystems.
85. The Global Warming Potential (GWP) of methane is about:
A) 10 times CO₂
B) 21 times CO₂
C) 100 times CO₂
D) 200 times CO₂
Answer: B
Explanation: Methane (CH₄) has a GWP ~21 times higher than CO₂.
86. The hottest place in India (recorded temp ~51°C in 2016) is:
A) Jaisalmer
B) Barmer
C) Phalodi (Rajasthan)
D) Ganganagar
Answer: C
Explanation: Phalodi (Rajasthan) recorded India’s highest temp: 51.0°C in May 2016.
87. Which state experiences the maximum heat waves in India?
A) Tamil Nadu
B) Odisha
C) Rajasthan
D) Bihar
Answer: C
Explanation: Rajasthan faces the most intense heat waves, though Odisha and Bihar also suffer.
88. The IMD uses which category to classify monsoon rainfall?
A) Excess, Normal, Deficient, Drought
B) Surplus, Normal, Below normal, Deficient
C) Above normal, Normal, Below normal, Deficient
D) Excess, Normal, Deficient, Scanty
Answer: C
Explanation: IMD classification = Above normal, Normal, Below normal, Deficient.
89. Which year did India experience both drought in NW and floods in NE due to monsoon variability?
A) 1972
B) 1987
C) 2002
D) 2015
Answer: C
Explanation: In 2002, NW India faced drought while NE India saw floods.
90. Which greenhouse gas is released most due to rice cultivation in India?
A) CO₂
B) CH₄ (Methane)
C) N₂O
D) CFCs
Answer: B
Explanation: Methane (CH₄) is emitted from paddy fields due to anaerobic decomposition.
91. The “Paleoclimate studies” in India are carried out mainly by:
A) IMD
B) ISRO
C) Geological Survey of India (GSI)
D) IITs only
Answer: C
Explanation: GSI conducts paleoclimate research using rocks, sediments, ice cores.
92. Which is the largest contributor to India’s CO₂ emissions?
A) Agriculture
B) Industry
C) Power generation (coal-based)
D) Transport
Answer: C
Explanation: Coal-based power plants are the largest contributor.
93. India’s average annual temperature has risen by about how much since 1901?
A) 0.2°C
B) 0.5°C
C) 0.7°C
D) 1.0°C
Answer: C
Explanation: India’s average temperature has increased by ~0.7°C in 120 years.
94. Which state declared a Climate Change Mission first in India?
A) Kerala
B) Gujarat
C) Tamil Nadu
D) Himachal Pradesh
Answer: B
Explanation: Gujarat (2009) was the first state to launch a State Climate Action Plan.
95. Which state launched the “Jal Jeevan Hariyali Abhiyan” for water conservation & climate adaptation?
A) Rajasthan
B) Bihar
C) Maharashtra
D) Karnataka
Answer: B
Explanation: Bihar launched Jal Jeevan Hariyali for water + greenery.
96. Which Indian city was ranked the world’s most polluted (PM2.5) in 2021?
A) Delhi
B) Lucknow
C) Ghaziabad
D) Bhiwadi
Answer: D
Explanation: Bhiwadi (Rajasthan) topped global PM2.5 pollution (IQAir Report 2021).
97. Which sector of India is most vulnerable to climate change?
A) IT sector
B) Agriculture
C) Automobiles
D) Finance
Answer: B
Explanation: Agriculture, dependent on monsoon, is most climate-sensitive.
98. The National Electric Mobility Mission aims at promoting:
A) Solar irrigation pumps
B) Wind power
C) Electric vehicles
D) Hydropower
Answer: C
Explanation: It promotes EV adoption to reduce fossil fuel dependency.
99. Which international climate agreement does India follow for emission cuts?
A) Kyoto Protocol
B) Paris Agreement (2015)
C) Montreal Protocol
D) Rio Declaration
Answer: B
Explanation: Paris Agreement (2015) guides India’s climate commitments (NDCs).
100. India has pledged at COP26 (Glasgow, 2021) to achieve Net Zero emissions by:
A) 2040
B) 2050
C) 2070
D) 2080
Answer: C
Explanation: India pledged Net Zero by 2070 at COP26.