1. The overall climate of Karnataka can be described as —
A) Arid and desert
B) Tropical monsoon type
C) Temperate continental
D) Mediterranean
Answer: B) Tropical monsoon type
Explanation: Karnataka lies in the tropical zone and experiences a tropical monsoon climate, influenced by southwest and northeast monsoons.
2. The main factor influencing Karnataka’s climate is —
A) Latitude
B) Ocean currents
C) Altitude and Western Ghats
D) Polar winds
Answer: C) Altitude and Western Ghats
Explanation: The Western Ghats and varying elevations across Karnataka cause regional variations in temperature and rainfall.
3. Karnataka lies between which latitudinal and longitudinal extent?
A) 11°30′ N to 18°45′ N and 74°05′ E to 78°35′ E
B) 10°30′ N to 20°30′ N and 70°05′ E to 80°35′ E
C) 12° N to 19° N and 73° E to 79° E
D) None of these
Answer: A) 11°30′ N to 18°45′ N and 74°05′ E to 78°35′ E
Explanation: Karnataka’s latitudinal position in the tropics results in high temperatures year-round.
4. Which of the following best describes Karnataka’s temperature pattern?
A) Extreme heat and cold
B) Moderate without extremes
C) Very cold winters
D) Frequent snowfall
Answer: B) Moderate without extremes
Explanation: Karnataka has a moderate tropical climate, with hot summers, pleasant winters, and seasonal rains.
5. The Western Ghats influence Karnataka’s climate by —
A) Preventing cyclones
B) Blocking southwest monsoon winds
C) Increasing humidity inland
D) Reducing temperatures
Answer: B) Blocking southwest monsoon winds
Explanation: The Western Ghats intercept SW monsoon winds, causing heavy rain on the windward (Malnad/Karavali) and dryness on leeward (Bayaluseeme) sides.
6. The average annual temperature of Karnataka is about —
A) 15°C
B) 22°C
C) 26°C
D) 33°C
Answer: C) 26°C
Explanation: The mean annual temperature ranges between 25°C and 28°C, varying by altitude and location.
7. Which part of Karnataka experiences the highest summer temperature?
A) Karavali
B) Malnad
C) Northern Bayaluseeme
D) Kodagu
Answer: C) Northern Bayaluseeme
Explanation: Raichur, Ballari, and Kalaburagi record 40–42°C in May due to semi-arid conditions.
8. The lowest temperature in Karnataka is usually recorded at —
A) Mangalore
B) Agumbe
C) Madikeri
D) Bidar
Answer: C) Madikeri
Explanation: Madikeri (Kodagu), being at a higher elevation, records the lowest winter temperatures (10–12°C).
9. The driest district in Karnataka is —
A) Mandya
B) Chitradurga
C) Ballari
D) Hassan
Answer: C) Ballari
Explanation: Ballari district, in the rain shadow zone, receives only about 550–600 mm rainfall annually.
10. The wettest place in Karnataka is —
A) Agumbe
B) Kodagu
C) Sringeri
D) Jog Falls
Answer: A) Agumbe
Explanation: Agumbe in Shivamogga district receives about 7,000 mm rainfall annually, often called the “Cherrapunji of South India.”
11. Which of the following statements is true about rainfall in Karnataka?
A) Uniform throughout the state
B) Decreases from west to east
C) Increases from east to west
D) Both B and C depending on season
Answer: B) Decreases from west to east
Explanation: Due to the Western Ghats barrier, rainfall gradually decreases from coastal to inland regions.
12. The annual average rainfall in Karnataka is approximately —
A) 800 mm
B) 1000 mm
C) 1240 mm
D) 1800 mm
Answer: C) 1240 mm
Explanation: Karnataka’s state average rainfall is about 1240 mm, though highly variable regionally.
13. Which region of Karnataka receives rainfall from both southwest and northeast monsoons?
A) Northern Bayaluseeme
B) Southern Maidan (Bengaluru, Kolar)
C) Karavali
D) Malnad
Answer: B) Southern Maidan (Bengaluru, Kolar)
Explanation: The southeastern region receives rain from both monsoons, leading to two cropping seasons.
14. Which wind system brings maximum rainfall to Karnataka?
A) Northeast monsoon
B) Westerlies
C) Southwest monsoon
D) Local convection currents
Answer: C) Southwest monsoon
Explanation: The SW monsoon (June–September) contributes about 80% of Karnataka’s annual rainfall.
15. The northeast monsoon mainly affects —
A) Coastal districts
B) Northern dry zone
C) Southeastern districts
D) Kodagu region
Answer: C) Southeastern districts
Explanation: The northeast monsoon (Oct–Dec) gives rainfall to Bengaluru, Kolar, Chamarajanagar, and Mandya.
16. The pre-monsoon showers in Karnataka are locally known as —
A) Blossom showers
B) Loo
C) Mango showers
D) Kalbaisakhi
Answer: C) Mango showers
Explanation: Mango showers occur during March–May, helping in the ripening of mangoes and coffee blossoms.
17. The climate of coastal Karnataka is best described as —
A) Hot and dry
B) Hot and humid
C) Cool and dry
D) Cold and wet
Answer: B) Hot and humid
Explanation: The Karavali region experiences high humidity and heavy rainfall due to proximity to the Arabian Sea.
18. The region experiencing “rain shadow effect” in Karnataka is —
A) Karavali
B) Malnad
C) Eastern Bayaluseeme
D) Kodagu
Answer: C) Eastern Bayaluseeme
Explanation: Chitradurga, Tumakuru, and Kolar lie east of the Western Ghats, receiving less rainfall.
19. The normal monsoon onset in Karnataka occurs around —
A) May 15
B) June 1
C) June 5–10
D) July 1
Answer: C) June 5–10
Explanation: The southwest monsoon usually sets in over Karnataka by early June, starting in coastal areas.
20. The retreating monsoon occurs during —
A) May–June
B) June–September
C) October–December
D) December–February
Answer: C) October–December
Explanation: The northeast (retreating) monsoon occurs between October and December, affecting southeastern Karnataka.
21. The annual range of temperature is highest in —
A) Coastal region
B) Malnad
C) Northern Bayaluseeme
D) Kodagu
Answer: C) Northern Bayaluseeme
Explanation: Due to continentality, northern districts have hot summers and cooler winters.
22. The mean temperature in winter in Bengaluru is about —
A) 10°C
B) 16°C
C) 22°C
D) 26°C
Answer: B) 16°C
Explanation: Bengaluru, located at 900 m elevation, enjoys a pleasant winter climate with around 16°C average.
23. Which of the following regions experiences the least diurnal (day-night) temperature variation?
A) Karavali
B) Malnad
C) Northern Plateau
D) Southern Plateau
Answer: A) Karavali
Explanation: The coastal region (Karavali) has low diurnal variation due to the sea’s moderating influence.
24. In which month does Karnataka generally record the highest temperatures?
A) February
B) April
C) June
D) October
Answer: B) April
Explanation: The pre-monsoon month of April records maximum temperatures, often above 40°C in interior districts.
25. The months December–February in Karnataka represent —
A) Hot summer
B) Southwest monsoon
C) Winter or dry season
D) Pre-monsoon season
Answer: C) Winter or dry season
Explanation: December–February marks the cool dry winter, with clear skies and mild temperatures.
26. The rainfall in Karnataka is mainly received from —
A) Cyclones
B) Southwest and Northeast monsoons
C) Local thunderstorms only
D) Western disturbances
Answer: B) Southwest and Northeast monsoons
Explanation: Karnataka gets about 80% rainfall from the southwest monsoon and the rest from the northeast monsoon.
27. The southwest monsoon period in Karnataka is from —
A) March to May
B) June to September
C) October to December
D) December to February
Answer: B) June to September
Explanation: The SW monsoon (June–Sept) brings the main rainy season for Karnataka, especially to coastal and Malnad regions.
28. The northeast monsoon affects mainly —
A) Coastal and Malnad areas
B) Northern Bayaluseeme
C) Southeastern parts of Karnataka
D) Western Ghats
Answer: C) Southeastern parts of Karnataka
Explanation: The NE monsoon (Oct–Dec) provides rainfall to Bengaluru, Kolar, Tumakuru, Mandya, and nearby areas.
29. The normal onset of the southwest monsoon over Karnataka occurs around —
A) May 25
B) June 5–10
C) June 20
D) July 1
Answer: B) June 5–10
Explanation: The monsoon generally enters coastal Karnataka by early June, advancing inland within a few days.
30. Which region of Karnataka receives the highest annual rainfall?
A) Coastal Karnataka (Karavali)
B) Malnad (Western Ghats)
C) Bayaluseeme (Plains)
D) Northern Dry Zone
Answer: B) Malnad (Western Ghats)
Explanation: The Malnad region, due to orographic rainfall, gets 3000–5000 mm annually.
31. Which is the driest region in Karnataka?
A) Northern Maidan
B) Malnad
C) Karavali
D) Kodagu
Answer: A) Northern Maidan
Explanation: The Northern Dry Zone (Raichur, Ballari, Kalaburagi) receives <600 mm rainfall, being in the rain shadow.
32. The pattern of rainfall in Karnataka shows —
A) Uniform distribution
B) Decreasing rainfall from west to east
C) Increasing rainfall from east to west
D) Equal rainfall everywhere
Answer: B) Decreasing rainfall from west to east
Explanation: Due to the Western Ghats barrier, rainfall decreases sharply eastward, from Karavali to Bayaluseeme.
33. Average annual rainfall in the Karavali region is —
A) 600 mm
B) 1500 mm
C) 3000 mm
D) 4000 mm
Answer: D) 4000 mm
Explanation: The coastal region (Karavali) receives 3500–4000 mm rainfall, the highest in Karnataka.
34. Average rainfall in the Malnad region is about —
A) 800–1000 mm
B) 2000–3000 mm
C) 3000–5000 mm
D) 1000–1500 mm
Answer: C) 3000–5000 mm
Explanation: The Malnad (Ghats) region gets very heavy rainfall due to monsoon winds rising over hills.
35. The average annual rainfall in Bayaluseeme region is —
A) 300–500 mm
B) 500–900 mm
C) 1000–1200 mm
D) 1500 mm
Answer: B) 500–900 mm
Explanation: The Bayaluseeme (interior plateau) gets low to moderate rainfall, depending on monsoon intensity.
36. The rain shadow effect in Karnataka is mainly responsible for —
A) Floods in coastal area
B) Droughts in eastern region
C) Heavy rainfall in Kodagu
D) Snowfall in hills
Answer: B) Droughts in eastern region
Explanation: The eastern plateau districts (Chitradurga, Tumakuru, Kolar) lie in the rain shadow of the Western Ghats.
37. The rainfall pattern of Karnataka can be described as —
A) Uniform
B) Bimodal
C) Highly uneven
D) Continental
Answer: C) Highly uneven
Explanation: Rainfall varies from >5000 mm in Malnad to <600 mm in dry northern areas — showing high variation.
38. Which place is known as the “Cherrapunji of South India”?
A) Madikeri
B) Agumbe
C) Jog Falls
D) Sringeri
Answer: B) Agumbe
Explanation: Agumbe (Shivamogga district) receives >7000 mm rainfall, the wettest place in South India.
39. The rainfall in Karnataka during pre-monsoon season is due to —
A) Western disturbances
B) Local thunderstorms
C) Cyclones
D) Jet streams
Answer: B) Local thunderstorms
Explanation: Convective thunderstorms, called “Mango showers”, occur before the SW monsoon, especially in April–May.
40. The “Mango Showers” occur mainly in —
A) Northern dry zone
B) Malnad and southern districts
C) Bayaluseeme
D) Kodagu and Chikkamagaluru
Answer: D) Kodagu and Chikkamagaluru
Explanation: The Malnad hills (Kodagu, Chikkamagaluru) get pre-monsoon showers, helping coffee and mango crops.
41. The winter season in Karnataka is characterized by —
A) Heavy rain
B) Cold dry weather
C) Dust storms
D) Hailstorms
Answer: B) Cold dry weather
Explanation: December–February is cool and dry, with clear skies and mild temperatures.
42. During which months are cyclonic rains common in coastal Karnataka?
A) May–June
B) October–November
C) January–February
D) March–April
Answer: B) October–November
Explanation: Cyclones from the Arabian Sea occasionally affect coastal Karnataka during the retreating monsoon.
43. Which region receives rainfall from both Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal branches of the monsoon?
A) Northern Plateau
B) Southern Bayaluseeme
C) Kodagu
D) Malnad
Answer: B) Southern Bayaluseeme
Explanation: The southeastern plateau (Bengaluru, Kolar) gets rain from both monsoon branches — Arabian Sea (SW) and Bay of Bengal (NE).
44. Which factor explains high rainfall in coastal Karnataka?
A) High latitude
B) Proximity to Western Ghats
C) High altitude
D) Dense forest cover
Answer: B) Proximity to Western Ghats
Explanation: The Karavali lies directly on the windward side of the Western Ghats, leading to heavy orographic rain.
45. The annual number of rainy days in coastal Karnataka is about —
A) 40–60 days
B) 80–100 days
C) 120–140 days
D) 160–180 days
Answer: C) 120–140 days
Explanation: Coastal areas receive rainfall for about 4–5 months, totaling 120–140 rainy days per year.
46. The annual number of rainy days in Bayaluseeme is —
A) 20–30 days
B) 50–60 days
C) 80–100 days
D) 120 days
Answer: B) 50–60 days
Explanation: The interior dry regions of Karnataka get rainfall for only about 2 months in a year.
47. Which of the following districts receives the least rainfall in Karnataka?
A) Raichur
B) Ballari
C) Tumakuru
D) Davanagere
Answer: B) Ballari
Explanation: Ballari receives the lowest rainfall (~550 mm) annually, being in a semi-arid zone.
48. Which district receives the highest rainfall in Karnataka?
A) Udupi
B) Kodagu
C) Shivamogga
D) Dakshina Kannada
Answer: D) Dakshina Kannada
Explanation: Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts on the coast receive >4000 mm of annual rainfall.
49. The least rainfall in Karnataka occurs in the —
A) Southern Maidan
B) Northern Maidan
C) Coastal region
D) Western Ghats
Answer: B) Northern Maidan
Explanation: The Northern Bayaluseeme (Raichur, Kalaburagi, Ballari) has semi-arid conditions and low rainfall.
50. The main cause for variation in Karnataka’s rainfall is —
A) Distance from the sea and Western Ghats
B) Latitude difference
C) Earth’s tilt
D) Humidity difference
Answer: A) Distance from the sea and Western Ghats
Explanation: Rainfall in Karnataka is highest near the coast and decreases eastward, depending on proximity to the Arabian Sea and Ghats.
51. Karnataka experiences how many major climatic seasons in a year?
A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five
Answer: C) Four
Explanation: The four major seasons in Karnataka are:
1Summer (March–May)
2 Southwest Monsoon (June–Sept)
3 Post-monsoon / Northeast Monsoon (Oct–Dec)
4 Winter (Jan–Feb).
52. The hottest month in most parts of Karnataka is —
A) March
B) April
C) May
D) June
Answer: B) April
Explanation: April is the hottest month, especially in interior districts, where temperatures exceed 40°C.
53. The coldest month in Karnataka is —
A) November
B) December
C) January
D) February
Answer: C) January
Explanation: January is the coldest month, with temperatures dropping to 10–12°C in Kodagu and Bengaluru.
54. The average maximum temperature in coastal Karnataka during summer is —
A) 28°C
B) 30°C
C) 32°C
D) 36°C
Answer: C) 32°C
Explanation: Due to the moderating effect of the sea, coastal areas record moderate temperatures even in summer.
55. The highest summer temperature in Karnataka is recorded in —
A) Mangalore
B) Madikeri
C) Raichur
D) Hassan
Answer: C) Raichur
Explanation: Raichur and Ballari districts record the highest temperatures (42°C–44°C) during April–May.
56. The average maximum temperature in winter in southern Karnataka is about —
A) 18°C
B) 22°C
C) 25°C
D) 28°C
Answer: B) 22°C
Explanation: The southern plateau (Bengaluru, Mysuru) enjoys mild winters with day temperatures around 22°C–25°C.
57. Which district records the lowest winter temperature in Karnataka?
A) Kodagu
B) Chitradurga
C) Tumakuru
D) Hassan
Answer: A) Kodagu
Explanation: Kodagu (especially Madikeri) records the lowest temperatures (~10°C) due to high altitude.
58. The diurnal (day-night) temperature range is highest in —
A) Karavali
B) Malnad
C) Bayaluseeme
D) Kodagu
Answer: C) Bayaluseeme
Explanation: The inland dry zone experiences hot days and cool nights, leading to a large diurnal range.
59. The diurnal range of temperature is least in —
A) Karavali
B) Bayaluseeme
C) Northern Plateau
D) Chitradurga
Answer: A) Karavali
Explanation: The coastal region (Karavali) has low temperature variation due to the sea’s moderating influence.
60. The average annual temperature at Bengaluru is approximately —
A) 22°C
B) 24°C
C) 26°C
D) 28°C
Answer: A) 22°C
Explanation: Located at 900 m elevation, Bengaluru has a moderate climate averaging 22°C annually.
61. The northern plateau of Karnataka (Raichur, Ballari) experiences —
A) Arid climate
B) Semi-arid climate
C) Humid climate
D) Sub-humid climate
Answer: B) Semi-arid climate
Explanation: The Northern Maidan lies in a semi-arid zone, receiving low rainfall and high summer heat.
62. The Malnad region’s climate can be classified as —
A) Tropical humid
B) Tropical semi-arid
C) Temperate dry
D) Sub-tropical
Answer: A) Tropical humid
Explanation: Due to heavy rainfall and dense forests, Malnad experiences a humid tropical climate.
63. The Karavali region’s climate is —
A) Cool and dry
B) Hot and humid
C) Arid and hot
D) Mild and cold
Answer: B) Hot and humid
Explanation: The coastal belt has high humidity and warm temperatures throughout the year.
64. The average maximum temperature in Malnad during summer rarely exceeds —
A) 25°C
B) 30°C
C) 35°C
D) 40°C
Answer: B) 30°C
Explanation: Due to high elevation and forest cover, Malnad hills remain moderately warm even in summer.
65. The average annual temperature in the northern dry zone is around —
A) 20°C
B) 25°C
C) 28°C
D) 30°C
Answer: C) 28°C
Explanation: Kalaburagi and Raichur record an average temperature of about 28°C, the hottest part of Karnataka.
66. Which region experiences the greatest temperature extremes in Karnataka?
A) Bayaluseeme
B) Malnad
C) Karavali
D) Kodagu
Answer: A) Bayaluseeme
Explanation: The Bayaluseeme region, far from the sea, shows wide seasonal and daily temperature variation.
67. The relative humidity in coastal Karnataka is generally —
A) Below 40%
B) 50–60%
C) 70–80%
D) 90–100%
Answer: C) 70–80%
Explanation: Due to proximity to the sea, the Karavali maintains high humidity (70–80%) all year.
68. The relative humidity in Bayaluseeme during summer is —
A) 20–40%
B) 50–60%
C) 70–80%
D) 90%
Answer: A) 20–40%
Explanation: Dry continental winds cause low humidity in the interior plateau during summer months.
69. The annual temperature range (difference between hottest and coldest months) is lowest in —
A) Karavali
B) Malnad
C) Bayaluseeme
D) Northern Plateau
Answer: A) Karavali
Explanation: The coastal climate is equable, with little variation between summer and winter.
70. The district having an equable climate throughout the year is —
A) Bengaluru
B) Chikkamagaluru
C) Mangalore
D) Ballari
Answer: C) Mangalore
Explanation: Mangalore’s coastal location ensures a uniform climate year-round due to sea influence.
71. Which city is known for its “air-conditioned climate”?
A) Mysuru
B) Bengaluru
C) Udupi
D) Hubballi
Answer: B) Bengaluru
Explanation: Bengaluru, situated on a high plateau (900 m), enjoys pleasant temperatures year-round, earning the title.
72. The main reason for Bengaluru’s moderate climate is —
A) Latitude
B) Elevation
C) Sea proximity
D) Forest cover
Answer: B) Elevation
Explanation: Bengaluru’s altitude (≈900 m) makes it cooler than surrounding areas despite being inland.
73. The temperature difference between coastal and interior Karnataka in summer can be —
A) 2–3°C
B) 5–6°C
C) 8–10°C
D) 12–15°C
Answer: C) 8–10°C
Explanation: Interiors (Ballari) may reach 42°C, while coastal areas remain around 32–34°C, due to sea moderation.
74. The region most affected by “heat waves” in Karnataka is —
A) Coastal districts
B) Malnad
C) Northern Bayaluseeme
D) Kodagu
Answer: C) Northern Bayaluseeme
Explanation: Raichur, Kalaburagi, and Vijayapura often experience heat waves in April–May.
75. The annual temperature range in the northern dry zone is approximately —
A) 3–5°C
B) 5–10°C
C) 15–18°C
D) 20°C
Answer: C) 15–18°C
Explanation: The northern interior region has extreme summer and mild winter, giving a wide annual temperature range.
76. The Karnataka State Natural Resource Data Centre divides the state into how many climatic zones?
A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6
Answer: C) 5
Explanation: Karnataka is divided into five climatic zones —
1️⃣ Coastal (humid)
2️⃣ Malnad (very humid)
3️⃣ Northern Dry
4️⃣ Central Dry
5️⃣ Southern Dry.
77. The Coastal Zone of Karnataka experiences which type of climate?
A) Semi-arid
B) Humid tropical
C) Dry tropical
D) Desert
Answer: B) Humid tropical
Explanation: The Karavali (coastal) zone has humid tropical climate, with high rainfall and humidity year-round.
78. The Malnad region is classified as —
A) Arid
B) Semi-arid
C) Humid to very humid
D) Sub-humid
Answer: C) Humid to very humid
Explanation: Due to heavy orographic rainfall, the Western Ghats (Malnad) are humid to very humid throughout the year.
79. The Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka covers districts like —
A) Ballari, Raichur, Kalaburagi
B) Kodagu, Shivamogga, Udupi
C) Mysuru, Mandya, Tumakuru
D) Chikkamagaluru, Hassan, Dakshina Kannada
Answer: A) Ballari, Raichur, Kalaburagi
Explanation: These semi-arid districts experience low rainfall and high summer temperatures.
80. The Southern Dry Zone includes —
A) Kodagu, Hassan, Mandya
B) Bengaluru, Kolar, Tumakuru, Mandya
C) Raichur, Ballari, Koppal
D) Karwar, Honnavar, Bhatkal
Answer: B) Bengaluru, Kolar, Tumakuru, Mandya
Explanation: The Southern Maidan (Bayaluseeme) forms the Southern Dry Zone, with moderate rainfall and mild winters.
81. The Central Dry Zone of Karnataka lies between —
A) Karavali and Malnad
B) Northern and Southern Dry Zones
C) Western Ghats and Bayaluseeme
D) Coast and Plateau
Answer: B) Northern and Southern Dry Zones
Explanation: The Central Dry Zone (Chitradurga, Davanagere, Hassan) forms a transitional climate belt.
82. The Coastal Zone receives an annual rainfall of —
A) 400–600 mm
B) 1000–1500 mm
C) 2500–4000 mm
D) 5000 mm
Answer: C) 2500–4000 mm
Explanation: The Karavali coast gets heavy monsoon rainfall (June–Sept), especially near Agumbe and Mangalore.
83. The Northern Dry Zone receives an average annual rainfall of —
A) 400–600 mm
B) 800–1000 mm
C) 1500 mm
D) 2500 mm
Answer: A) 400–600 mm
Explanation: Raichur, Ballari, and Koppal receive lowest rainfall, making them semi-arid drought-prone zones.
84. The Southern Dry Zone receives about —
A) 300 mm
B) 600–900 mm
C) 1200 mm
D) 2000 mm
Answer: B) 600–900 mm
Explanation: Mandya, Mysuru, and Tumakuru receive moderate rainfall, supporting both rainfed and irrigated crops.
85. The Malnad region receives rainfall mainly from —
A) Southwest monsoon
B) Northeast monsoon
C) Cyclones
D) Local convectional rain
Answer: A) Southwest monsoon
Explanation: SW monsoon winds hit the Western Ghats, causing heavy orographic rain in Malnad.
86. The major natural hazard affecting Karnataka’s inland areas is —
A) Earthquakes
B) Drought
C) Cyclones
D) Floods
Answer: B) Drought
Explanation: About 70% of Karnataka lies in semi-arid zones, frequently facing meteorological and agricultural droughts.
87. The most drought-prone districts of Karnataka are —
A) Kodagu and Udupi
B) Ballari, Raichur, Koppal, Chitradurga
C) Mandya and Mysuru
D) Shivamogga and Hassan
Answer: B) Ballari, Raichur, Koppal, Chitradurga
Explanation: These Northern Maidan districts receive very low rainfall, making them highly drought-prone.
88. Which region is least affected by droughts in Karnataka?
A) Northern Plateau
B) Malnad
C) Bayaluseeme
D) Central Maidan
Answer: B) Malnad
Explanation: Malnad, with abundant rainfall and dense forests, rarely faces drought.
89. The main cause of droughts in Karnataka is —
A) Cyclones
B) Irregular monsoon rainfall
C) Low humidity
D) Forest fires
Answer: B) Irregular monsoon rainfall
Explanation: Delayed or weak southwest monsoon causes crop failure and water scarcity in many regions.
90. Which department monitors drought conditions in Karnataka?
A) Agriculture Department
B) Revenue Department
C) Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Centre (KSNDMC)
D) Irrigation Department
Answer: C) KSNDMC
Explanation: KSNDMC collects meteorological and hydrological data to monitor drought and flood conditions.
91. Droughts in Karnataka are classified mainly into —
A) Three types
B) Four types
C) Five types
D) Two types
Answer: A) Three types
Explanation: Karnataka recognizes three drought types —
1️⃣ Meteorological
2️⃣ Agricultural
3️⃣ Hydrological.
92. The government declares a region “drought-affected” if rainfall deficit exceeds —
A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 25%
D) 30%
Answer: D) 30%
Explanation: A rainfall deficit of ≥30% over normal values marks a meteorological drought in Karnataka.
93. The drought-prone area of Karnataka roughly covers —
A) 20% of total area
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 70%
Answer: D) 70%
Explanation: Nearly 70% of Karnataka’s land area is classified as semi-arid or drought-prone.
94. The most frequent drought years in Karnataka were —
A) 2000, 2003, 2012, 2016
B) 1990, 1992, 1995
C) 1970, 1974, 1980
D) 2005, 2007, 2018
Answer: A) 2000, 2003, 2012, 2016
Explanation: These years saw monsoon failures, resulting in severe droughts across large parts of the state.
95. Floods in Karnataka occur mainly in —
A) Western Ghats and coastal districts
B) Bayaluseeme
C) Northern dry zone
D) All regions
Answer: A) Western Ghats and coastal districts
Explanation: Heavy monsoon rains cause river floods and landslides in Malnad and Karavali regions.
96. The most flood-prone rivers of Karnataka are —
A) Krishna, Bhima, Tungabhadra
B) Netravati, Sharavathi, Varahi
C) Both A and B
D) Only B
Answer: C) Both A and B
Explanation: Floods occur due to heavy rainfall in Krishna basin (north) and coastal rivers (south).
97. The major flood-affected districts in coastal Karnataka are —
A) Raichur and Kalaburagi
B) Udupi, Dakshina Kannada, Uttara Kannada
C) Mandya and Mysuru
D) Hassan and Chitradurga
Answer: B) Udupi, Dakshina Kannada, Uttara Kannada
Explanation: Coastal districts experience flash floods and landslides during intense monsoon spells.
98. The 2019 Karnataka Floods mainly affected which river basins?
A) Tungabhadra and Kaveri
B) Krishna and its tributaries
C) Netravati and Sharavathi
D) Pennar and Kabini
Answer: B) Krishna and its tributaries
Explanation: August 2019 floods severely hit Krishna basin districts (Belagavi, Bagalkot, Raichur) due to record rainfall.
99. The major environmental impact of climate change in Karnataka is —
A) Snowfall
B) Rising sea levels & erratic monsoon
C) Decrease in sunshine hours
D) Increase in glacier melt
Answer: B) Rising sea levels & erratic monsoon
Explanation: Sea-level rise in Karavali and irregular monsoon patterns are key signs of climate change in Karnataka.
100. The state agency implementing climate action and adaptation plans in Karnataka is —
A) KSNDMC
B) Department of Ecology and Environment
C) Karnataka State Pollution Control Board
D) Karnataka State Climate Change Cell
Answer: D) Karnataka State Climate Change Cell
Explanation: The Karnataka Climate Change Cell (KCCC) prepares state action plans for climate resilience and adaptation.