1. Who is known as the “Father of the Nation” in India?
A) Sardar Patel
B) Jawaharlal Nehru
C) Mahatma Gandhi
D) Subhas Chandra Bose
Answer: C) Mahatma Gandhi
Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi led the Indian freedom struggle using non-violence and truth (Satyagraha).
2. Who is called the “Iron Man of India”?
A) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
B) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
C) Lal Bahadur Shastri
D) Rajendra Prasad
Answer: B) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Explanation: Patel unified over 560 princely states after Independence, earning the title “Iron Man.”
3. Who was the first woman Prime Minister of India?
A) Sarojini Naidu
B) Pratibha Patil
C) Indira Gandhi
D) Sonia Gandhi
Answer: C) Indira Gandhi
Explanation: Indira Gandhi became the first woman Prime Minister of India in 1966.
4. Who is known as the “Missile Man of India”?
A) Vikram Sarabhai
B) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
C) Homi J. Bhabha
D) Satish Dhawan
Answer: B) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Explanation: Dr. Kalam developed India’s missile technology (Agni, Prithvi) and served as President.
5. Who was the first Indian to win the Nobel Prize?
A) Rabindranath Tagore
B) C.V. Raman
C) Amartya Sen
D) Mother Teresa
Answer: A) Rabindranath Tagore
Explanation: Tagore won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913 for Gitanjali.
6. Who is known as the “Nightingale of India”?
A) Annie Besant
B) Sarojini Naidu
C) Indira Gandhi
D) Mother Teresa
Answer: B) Sarojini Naidu
Explanation: Famous poet and freedom fighter, known for her lyrical poetry.
7. Who founded the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)?
A) Homi Bhabha
B) Vikram Sarabhai
C) Satish Dhawan
D) K. Kasturirangan
Answer: B) Vikram Sarabhai
Explanation: Vikram Sarabhai established ISRO in 1969, known as the father of India’s space program.
8. Who is known as the “Father of Indian Constitution”?
A) Mahatma Gandhi
B) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
C) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
D) Sardar Patel
Answer: C) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
Explanation: He chaired the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution.
9. Who was the first Indian woman to win an Olympic medal?
A) P.T. Usha
B) Karnam Malleswari
C) Mary Kom
D) Saina Nehwal
Answer: B) Karnam Malleswari
Explanation: She won a bronze in weightlifting at the 2000 Sydney Olympics.
10. Who is called the “Father of Indian Cinema”?
A) Dadasaheb Phalke
B) Raj Kapoor
C) Satyajit Ray
D) Bimal Roy
Answer: A) Dadasaheb Phalke
Explanation: Directed India’s first full-length film Raja Harishchandra (1913).
11. Who was the first Indian to go into space?
A) Kalpana Chawla
B) Rakesh Sharma
C) Sunita Williams
D) Vikram Sarabhai
Answer: B) Rakesh Sharma
Explanation: Flew aboard Soviet spacecraft Soyuz T-11 in 1984.
12. Who is known as the “Napoleon of India”?
A) Samudragupta
B) Chandragupta Maurya
C) Ashoka
D) Harsha
Answer: A) Samudragupta
Explanation: His extensive conquests earned him the title “Napoleon of India.”
13. Who is known as “Deshbandhu”?
A) Lala Lajpat Rai
B) Chittaranjan Das
C) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
D) Rajendra Prasad
Answer: B) Chittaranjan Das
Explanation: The title “Deshbandhu” means “Friend of the Nation.”
14. Who was the first Indian to receive Bharat Ratna?
A) C. Rajagopalachari
B) S. Radhakrishnan
C) Jawaharlal Nehru
D) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Answer: B) S. Radhakrishnan
Explanation: Along with Nehru and C. Rajagopalachari, he received it in 1954.
15. Who discovered the Raman Effect?
A) C.V. Raman
B) Homi Bhabha
C) J.C. Bose
D) Meghnad Saha
Answer: A) C.V. Raman
Explanation: Won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for the Raman Effect.
16. Who is known as the “Grand Old Man of India”?
A) Dadabhai Naoroji
B) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
C) Lala Lajpat Rai
D) Surendranath Banerjee
Answer: A) Dadabhai Naoroji
Explanation: First Indian MP in British Parliament; propounded the “Drain Theory.”
17. Who is known as the “Flying Sikh”?
A) Milkha Singh
B) P.T. Usha
C) Usain Bolt
D) Abhinav Bindra
Answer: A) Milkha Singh
Explanation: Earned the nickname after his performance at the 1960 Olympics.
18. Who founded the Ramakrishna Mission?
A) Swami Vivekananda
B) Ramakrishna Paramahamsa
C) Dayananda Saraswati
D) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Answer: A) Swami Vivekananda
Explanation: Founded in 1897 to promote spiritual and social upliftment.
19. Who is known as the “Father of Modern India”?
A) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
B) Swami Vivekananda
C) Dadabhai Naoroji
D) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Answer: A) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Explanation: Reformer who fought against Sati and child marriage.
20. Who was the first Indian to win a Nobel Prize in Physics?
A) C.V. Raman
B) Homi Bhabha
C) S.N. Bose
D) Meghnad Saha
Answer: A) C.V. Raman
Explanation: Awarded in 1930 for his work on light scattering.
21. Who was the first Indian woman President of India?
A) Indira Gandhi
B) Pratibha Patil
C) Sonia Gandhi
D) Meira Kumar
Answer: B) Pratibha Patil
Explanation: Served as President from 2007 to 2012.
22. Who is known as “Lokmanya”?
A) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
B) Lala Lajpat Rai
C) Bipin Chandra Pal
D) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Answer: A) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Explanation: The title “Lokmanya” means “accepted by the people.”
23. Who was known as the “Frontier Gandhi”?
A) Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
B) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
C) Maulana Azad
D) Liaquat Ali Khan
Answer: A) Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Explanation: Non-violent leader from NWFP, also called “Badshah Khan.”
24. Who was the founder of the Indian National Congress (INC)?
A) A.O. Hume
B) Dadabhai Naoroji
C) W.C. Bonnerjee
D) Surendranath Banerjee
Answer: A) A.O. Hume
Explanation: Founded INC in 1885 along with Indian leaders to promote political reforms.
25. Who is called the “Architect of Modern India”?
A) Jawaharlal Nehru
B) Sardar Patel
C) Rajendra Prasad
D) B.R. Ambedkar
Answer: A) Jawaharlal Nehru
Explanation: Nehru’s industrial and scientific vision shaped India’s post-independence economy.
26. Who was the first Indian to win the Nobel Peace Prize?
A) Mother Teresa
B) Kailash Satyarthi
C) C.V. Raman
D) Rabindranath Tagore
Answer: A) Mother Teresa
Explanation: Mother Teresa received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 for her humanitarian work in India.
27. Who was the first Indian to win an individual Olympic gold medal?
A) Abhinav Bindra
B) Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore
C) Leander Paes
D) Neeraj Chopra
Answer: A) Abhinav Bindra
Explanation: Bindra won the gold medal in 10m air rifle shooting at Beijing Olympics, 2008.
28. Who is known as the “Father of Indian Renaissance”?
A) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
B) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
C) Swami Vivekananda
D) Dayananda Saraswati
Answer: A) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Explanation: His reforms in education and social justice triggered the Indian Renaissance.
29. Who was the first Indian Governor-General of independent India?
A) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
B) C. Rajagopalachari
C) Lord Mountbatten
D) Jawaharlal Nehru
Answer: B) C. Rajagopalachari
Explanation: After Mountbatten, Rajagopalachari became the first and only Indian Governor-General (1948–1950).
30. Who was the first Indian woman to go into space?
A) Sunita Williams
B) Kalpana Chawla
C) Tessy Thomas
D) Indira Gandhi
Answer: B) Kalpana Chawla
Explanation: She flew aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997.
31. Who was the first President of India?
A) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
B) Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
C) Jawaharlal Nehru
D) B.R. Ambedkar
Answer: A) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Explanation: Served as the first President of India from 1950 to 1962.
32. Who is known as the “Father of Indian Green Revolution”?
A) Verghese Kurien
B) M.S. Swaminathan
C) Norman Borlaug
D) P.K. Sethi
Answer: B) M.S. Swaminathan
Explanation: Introduced high-yielding crop varieties and modern agricultural techniques.
33. Who is known as the “Milkman of India”?
A) M.S. Swaminathan
B) Verghese Kurien
C) Norman Borlaug
D) Amul Patel
Answer: B) Verghese Kurien
Explanation: Architect of India’s White Revolution and founder of Amul.
34. Who was the first Indian to receive the Nobel Prize in Economics?
A) Manmohan Singh
B) Raghuram Rajan
C) Amartya Sen
D) Abhijit Banerjee
Answer: C) Amartya Sen
Explanation: Received the Nobel Prize in 1998 for his work on welfare economics.
35. Who was the first Indian woman to climb Mount Everest?
A) Bachendri Pal
B) Santosh Yadav
C) Arunima Sinha
D) Kalpana Dash
Answer: A) Bachendri Pal
Explanation: She scaled Mount Everest in 1984.
36. Who is known as the “Father of Indian Nuclear Program”?
A) Homi J. Bhabha
B) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
C) Vikram Sarabhai
D) Satish Dhawan
Answer: A) Homi J. Bhabha
Explanation: Founded the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) and BARC.
37. Who was the first Indian to receive the Oscar Award?
A) Bhanu Athaiya
B) Satyajit Ray
C) A.R. Rahman
D) Resul Pookutty
Answer: A) Bhanu Athaiya
Explanation: Won Oscar for Best Costume Design for Gandhi (1983).
38. Who composed India’s National Anthem?
A) Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
B) Rabindranath Tagore
C) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
D) Satyendranath Tagore
Answer: B) Rabindranath Tagore
Explanation: Composed “Jana Gana Mana,” adopted as national anthem in 1950.
39. Who is known as the “Father of Indian Industry”?
A) J.R.D. Tata
B) Jamsetji Tata
C) Ghanshyam Das Birla
D) Dhirubhai Ambani
Answer: B) Jamsetji Tata
Explanation: Founder of Tata Group and key pioneer of industrialization in India.
40. Who was the founder of the Arya Samaj?
A) Dayananda Saraswati
B) Swami Vivekananda
C) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
D) Ramakrishna Paramahamsa
Answer: A) Dayananda Saraswati
Explanation: Founded Arya Samaj in 1875 to promote Vedic values and reform Hinduism.
41. Who is known as the “Father of the Indian Air Force”?
A) Subroto Mukerjee
B) Arjan Singh
C) K.M. Cariappa
D) Sam Manekshaw
Answer: A) Subroto Mukerjee
Explanation: One of the founding officers of IAF, served as its first Indian Chief of Air Staff.
42. Who was the first Indian woman to win the Miss World title?
A) Sushmita Sen
B) Aishwarya Rai
C) Reita Faria
D) Priyanka Chopra
Answer: C) Reita Faria
Explanation: Crowned Miss World in 1966 — the first Asian to win the title.
43. Who is known as the “Father of Indian Television”?
A) P.C. Mahalanobis
B) B.V. Keskar
C) Vikram Sarabhai
D) Nilambar Mukherjee
Answer: C) Vikram Sarabhai
Explanation: He initiated India’s television and satellite communication programs.
44. Who was the first Indian to receive the Nobel Prize in Chemistry?
A) Har Gobind Khorana
B) Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
C) C.N.R. Rao
D) Abhijit Banerjee
Answer: B) Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
Explanation: Won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2009 for studies on ribosome structure.
45. Who is known as the “Father of Indian Economic Planning”?
A) P.C. Mahalanobis
B) Manmohan Singh
C) M. Visvesvaraya
D) Amartya Sen
Answer: A) P.C. Mahalanobis
Explanation: He formulated the Second Five-Year Plan based on the “Mahalanobis Model.”
46. Who was the first Indian Chief of Army Staff?
A) General K.M. Cariappa
B) General J.N. Chaudhuri
C) Field Marshal Manekshaw
D) General Roy Bucher
Answer: A) General K.M. Cariappa
Explanation: Took charge in 1949 as the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of the Army.
47. Who was known as the “Lady with the Lamp”?
A) Florence Nightingale
B) Mother Teresa
C) Annie Besant
D) Sarojini Naidu
Answer: A) Florence Nightingale
Explanation: British nurse known for her work during the Crimean War; symbol of compassion.
48. Who is known as the “Father of Indian Engineering”?
A) M. Visvesvaraya
B) P.C. Mahalanobis
C) Homi Bhabha
D) J.R.D. Tata
Answer: A) M. Visvesvaraya
Explanation: Legendary engineer and statesman; his birthday (15 Sept) is celebrated as Engineer’s Day.
49. Who is known as the “Father of the Indian Navy”?
A) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
B) K.M. Cariappa
C) Sam Manekshaw
D) Raja Raja Chola
Answer: A) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
Explanation: Established a strong naval force to safeguard the western coast.
50. Who is known as the “Human Computer”?
A) Shakuntala Devi
B) Kalpana Chawla
C) Sunita Williams
D) Tessy Thomas
Answer: A) Shakuntala Devi
Explanation: Renowned mathematician known for solving complex calculations mentally.
51. Who is known as the “Father of Indian Cinema Music”?
A) Naushad
B) R.D. Burman
C) S.D. Burman
D) K.L. Saigal
Answer: A) Naushad
Explanation: Naushad composed timeless film music blending classical Indian ragas with modern orchestration.
52. Who was the founder of the Indian National Army (INA)?
A) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
B) Rash Behari Bose
C) Subhas Chandra Bose
D) Lala Lajpat Rai
Answer: B) Rash Behari Bose
Explanation: He formed the INA, which was later led and expanded by Subhas Chandra Bose.
53. Who gave the slogan “Jai Jawan Jai Kisan”?
A) Jawaharlal Nehru
B) Lal Bahadur Shastri
C) Indira Gandhi
D) Rajiv Gandhi
Answer: B) Lal Bahadur Shastri
Explanation: He coined the slogan to honor soldiers and farmers during the 1965 Indo-Pak war.
54. Who is known as the “Saint of the Gutters”?
A) Mother Teresa
B) Florence Nightingale
C) Annie Besant
D) Rani Laxmi Bai
Answer: A) Mother Teresa
Explanation: She served the poor and destitute in Kolkata through the Missionaries of Charity.
55. Who wrote India’s National Song “Vande Mataram”?
A) Rabindranath Tagore
B) Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
C) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
D) Keshab Chandra Sen
Answer: B) Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Explanation: Written in the novel Anandamath (1882), “Vande Mataram” became a symbol of freedom.
56. Who was the first Indian to win a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine?
A) Har Gobind Khorana
B) Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
C) C.V. Raman
D) S. Chandrasekhar
Answer: A) Har Gobind Khorana
Explanation: Won the Nobel Prize in 1968 for work on genetic code and protein synthesis.
57. Who was the first Indian woman to win the Bharat Ratna?
A) Indira Gandhi
B) Mother Teresa
C) Sarojini Naidu
D) M.S. Subbulakshmi
Answer: A) Indira Gandhi
Explanation: Received the Bharat Ratna in 1971 for her leadership and national service.
58. Who is known as the “Wizard of Hockey”?
A) Dhanraj Pillay
B) Major Dhyan Chand
C) Balbir Singh Sr.
D) Pargat Singh
Answer: B) Major Dhyan Chand
Explanation: Scored over 400 goals and led India to three Olympic golds in field hockey.
59. Who is called the “Father of Indian Navy Modernisation”?
A) Admiral R.D. Katari
B) Admiral Vishnu Bhagwat
C) Admiral Arun Prakash
D) Admiral Nanda
Answer: D) Admiral Nanda
Explanation: Admiral S.M. Nanda modernized the Indian Navy post-1971 war.
60. Who is known as the “Father of Modern Chemistry”?
A) Antoine Lavoisier
B) Isaac Newton
C) John Dalton
D) Robert Boyle
Answer: A) Antoine Lavoisier
Explanation: Established the law of conservation of mass and modern chemical nomenclature.
61. Who is known as the “Father of the Indian Railways”?
A) Lord Dalhousie
B) Lord Canning
C) Lord Curzon
D) Lord Wellesley
Answer: A) Lord Dalhousie
Explanation: He introduced railways, telegraphs, and postal systems in India.
62. Who is known as the “Lady of the Indian Screen”?
A) Meena Kumari
B) Nargis Dutt
C) Madhubala
D) Devika Rani
Answer: D) Devika Rani
Explanation: Pioneering actress and first lady of Indian cinema; co-founder of Bombay Talkies.
63. Who was the founder of the Theosophical Society in India?
A) Annie Besant
B) Helena Blavatsky
C) Charles Leadbeater
D) Henry Olcott
Answer: A) Annie Besant
Explanation: She established the Indian branch in Adyar, Chennai, and promoted education and self-rule.
64. Who is called the “Hero of Kargil”?
A) Capt. Vikram Batra
B) Major Sandeep Unnikrishnan
C) Lt. Manoj Pandey
D) Col. Rajesh Adhikari
Answer: A) Capt. Vikram Batra
Explanation: Awarded Param Vir Chakra posthumously for bravery in the Kargil War (1999).
65. Who was the first Indian woman to become a judge of the Supreme Court?
A) Fathima Beevi
B) Leila Seth
C) Ruma Pal
D) Indu Malhotra
Answer: A) Fathima Beevi
Explanation: Appointed in 1989, she was the first woman judge of India’s Supreme Court.
66. Who is known as the “Bard of Avon”?
A) Geoffrey Chaucer
B) William Shakespeare
C) Charles Dickens
D) John Milton
Answer: B) William Shakespeare
Explanation: The title refers to his birthplace, Stratford-upon-Avon; greatest playwright of all time.
67. Who is known as the “Man of Peace”?
A) Lal Bahadur Shastri
B) Nelson Mandela
C) Jawaharlal Nehru
D) Mahatma Gandhi
Answer: A) Lal Bahadur Shastri
Explanation: Earned the title for promoting peace and simplicity in leadership.
68. Who is known as the “Rocket Woman of India”?
A) Tessy Thomas
B) Kalpana Chawla
C) Sunita Williams
D) Ritu Karidhal
Answer: A) Tessy Thomas
Explanation: Project Director for Agni missiles at DRDO; first woman to head a missile project.
69. Who gave the slogan “Do or Die”?
A) Jawaharlal Nehru
B) Mahatma Gandhi
C) Subhas Chandra Bose
D) Bhagat Singh
Answer: B) Mahatma Gandhi
Explanation: Given during the Quit India Movement in 1942 to inspire total resistance.
70. Who is known as the “Iron Lady of India”?
A) Sarojini Naidu
B) Indira Gandhi
C) Pratibha Patil
D) Sonia Gandhi
Answer: B) Indira Gandhi
Explanation: Known for her firm political decisions and leadership during difficult times.
71. Who is called the “Father of Indian Atomic Energy”?
A) Homi J. Bhabha
B) Vikram Sarabhai
C) Raja Ramanna
D) C.N.R. Rao
Answer: A) Homi J. Bhabha
Explanation: Established BARC and set the foundation for India’s atomic energy program.
72. Who is called the “Lady of the Lamp of India”?
A) Kadambini Ganguly
B) Florence Nightingale
C) Sister Nivedita
D) Anandibai Joshi
Answer: D) Anandibai Joshi
Explanation: First Indian woman to earn a degree in Western medicine (1886).
73. Who is known as the “Father of Indian Political Unification”?
A) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
B) Jawaharlal Nehru
C) Subhas Chandra Bose
D) Rajendra Prasad
Answer: A) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Explanation: Integrated over 560 princely states into the Indian Union post-independence.
74. Who is known as the “Father of the Indian IT Industry”?
A) Narayana Murthy
B) Azim Premji
C) Sam Pitroda
D) N.R. Narayana Murthy
Answer: D) N.R. Narayana Murthy
Explanation: Founder of Infosys and pioneer of India’s software revolution.
75. Who was the first woman Chief Minister of an Indian State?
A) Sucheta Kriplani
B) Nandini Satpathy
C) Sheila Dikshit
D) Jayalalithaa
Answer: A) Sucheta Kriplani
Explanation: Became Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh in 1963 — first woman CM in India.
76. Who was the first Indian woman to win the Miss Universe title?
A) Lara Dutta
B) Sushmita Sen
C) Priyanka Chopra
D) Manushi Chhillar
Answer: B) Sushmita Sen
Explanation: Sushmita Sen won the Miss Universe crown in 1994, becoming the first Indian woman to do so.
77. Who is known as the “Father of Indian Ornithology”?
A) Salim Ali
B) Birbal Sahni
C) M. S. Swaminathan
D) Sunderlal Bahuguna
Answer: A) Salim Ali
Explanation: Salim Ali was a renowned bird expert and naturalist who authored “The Book of Indian Birds.”
78. Who was the first Indian Nobel Laureate in Physics after C.V. Raman?
A) Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
B) S. Ramanujan
C) Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
D) Meghnad Saha
Answer: A) Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
Explanation: Won the Nobel Prize in 1983 for his theoretical studies on stellar evolution.
79. Who is known as the “Father of Indian Constitution” for Ireland?
A) Éamon de Valera
B) B.R. Ambedkar
C) James Connolly
D) John Locke
Answer: A) Éamon de Valera
Explanation: Éamon de Valera is regarded as the principal author of Ireland’s Constitution (1937).
80. Who is known as the “Grand Old Lady of Indian Politics”?
A) Vijayalakshmi Pandit
B) Annie Besant
C) Sarojini Naidu
D) Aruna Asaf Ali
Answer: D) Aruna Asaf Ali
Explanation: A freedom fighter and socialist leader, she hoisted the Indian flag during the Quit India Movement.
Q81. Who is known as the “Mother of Indian Revolution”?
A) Madam Cama
B) Kasturba Gandhi
C) Sarala Devi
D) Rani Gaidinliu
Answer: A) Madam Cama
Explanation: Hoisted the first Indian national flag at Stuttgart (Germany) in 1907.
82. Who is known as the “Indian Napoleon”?
A) Samudragupta
B) Chandragupta Maurya
C) Harshavardhana
D) Ashoka
Answer: A) Samudragupta
Explanation: His vast conquests and military skills earned him this title.
83. Who is called the “Human Rights Man of India”?
A) B.R. Ambedkar
B) Mahatma Gandhi
C) Rajendra Prasad
D) Kailash Satyarthi
Answer: D) Kailash Satyarthi
Explanation: Nobel Peace Prize laureate (2014) for his work against child labor and exploitation.
84. Who was the founder of the Prarthana Samaj?
A) Atmaram Pandurang
B) Swami Dayananda Saraswati
C) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
D) Keshab Chandra Sen
Answer: A) Atmaram Pandurang
Explanation: Established Prarthana Samaj in 1867 to reform Hindu religious practices.
85. Who is known as the “Father of Indian Meteorology”?
A) Homi Bhabha
B) P.C. Mahalanobis
C) H.F. Blanford
D) Meghnad Saha
Answer: C) H.F. Blanford
Explanation: British scientist who established the Indian Meteorological Department in 1875.
86. Who is known as the “Father of Indian Statistics”?
A) P.C. Mahalanobis
B) M. Visvesvaraya
C) C.V. Raman
D) S. Chandrasekhar
Answer: A) P.C. Mahalanobis
Explanation: Founder of the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) and key planner for Five-Year Plans.
87. Who was the first Indian woman IPS officer?
A) Kiran Bedi
B) Fathima Beevi
C) R. Aruna
D) Nirmala Sitharaman
Answer: A) Kiran Bedi
Explanation: Joined the Indian Police Service in 1972; known for reforming Tihar Jail.
88. Who is known as the “Father of Indian Radio”?
A) Jagadish Chandra Bose
B) Prafulla Chandra Ray
C) J.C. Bose
D) Guglielmo Marconi
Answer: A) Jagadish Chandra Bose
Explanation: He demonstrated radio transmission before Marconi; pioneer of wireless communication.
89. Who is known as the “Father of Modern Physics”?
A) Isaac Newton
B) Albert Einstein
C) Galileo Galilei
D) James Clerk Maxwell
Answer: B) Albert Einstein
Explanation: Revolutionized physics with the theory of relativity and quantum theory contributions.
90. Who is known as the “Father of Indian Space Programme”?
A) Vikram Sarabhai
B) Homi Bhabha
C) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
D) Satish Dhawan
Answer: A) Vikram Sarabhai
Explanation: Founded ISRO and initiated India’s space research and satellite programs.
91. Who is known as the “First Indian Economist”?
A) Dadabhai Naoroji
B) R.C. Dutt
C) P.C. Mahalanobis
D) Amartya Sen
Answer: A) Dadabhai Naoroji
Explanation: Authored Poverty and Un-British Rule in India explaining economic drain under British rule.
92. Who is called the “Father of Indian Cinema Journalism”?
A) Baburao Patel
B) K.A. Abbas
C) S.D. Burman
D) Raj Kapoor
Answer: A) Baburao Patel
Explanation: Founder of Filmindia magazine (1935), pioneering Indian film journalism.
93. Who is known as the “Father of Indian Banking”?
A) M. Visvesvaraya
B) Lala Lajpat Rai
C) R.K. Talwar
D) M. Narasimham
Answer: A) M. Visvesvaraya
Explanation: Advocated industrialization and set up the first bank in Mysore State (now SBI Mysore).
94. Who is known as the “Father of Indian Civil Service”?
A) Lord Cornwallis
B) Lord Wellesley
C) Lord Curzon
D) Warren Hastings
Answer: A) Lord Cornwallis
Explanation: Reorganized and reformed the civil service during British rule.
95. Who is known as the “Architect of Modern Delhi”?
A) Edwin Lutyens
B) Charles Correa
C) Herbert Baker
D) Le Corbusier
Answer: A) Edwin Lutyens
Explanation: Designed New Delhi and Rashtrapati Bhavan during British India.
96. Who is known as the “Father of Indian Cooperative Movement”?
A) Vithalrao Vikhe Patil
B) Verghese Kurien
C) M.S. Swaminathan
D) Dadasaheb Phalke
Answer: A) Vithalrao Vikhe Patil
Explanation: Started the first cooperative sugar factory in India at Pravaranagar, Maharashtra.
97. Who is known as the “Father of Indian Renaissance in South India”?
A) Narayana Guru
B) Periyar E.V. Ramasamy
C) Swami Vivekananda
D) Dayananda Saraswati
Answer: B) Periyar E.V. Ramasamy
Explanation: Social reformer who led the Self-Respect Movement in Tamil Nadu.
98. Who was the first Indian to win the Booker Prize?
A) Salman Rushdie
B) Arundhati Roy
C) Kiran Desai
D) V.S. Naipaul
Answer: B) Arundhati Roy
Explanation: Won the Booker Prize in 1997 for her novel The God of Small Things.
99. Who was the first Indian woman to win the Grammy Award?
A) Anoushka Shankar
B) Tanvi Shah
C) Lata Mangeshkar
D) Alisha Chinai
Answer: B) Tanvi Shah
Explanation: Won Grammy in 2010 for “Jai Ho” (Best Song Written for a Motion Picture).
100. Who is called the “Missile Woman of India”?
A) Tessy Thomas
B) Ritu Karidhal
C) Nandini Harinath
D) Kalpana Chawla
Answer: A) Tessy Thomas
Explanation: Known for her work on the Agni series of missiles; key scientist at DRDO.