1. Directive Principles of State Policy are mentioned in which part of the Constitution?
A) Part II
B) Part III
C) Part IV
D) Part V
Answer: C) Part IV
Explanation: DPSPs are enshrined in Part IV (Articles 36–51) of the Constitution.
2. Article 40 of the Constitution directs the State to —
A) Promote international peace
B) Organize village panchayats
C) Protect monuments
D) Separate judiciary from executive
Answer: B) Organize village panchayats
Explanation: Article 40 specifically directs the State to establish village-level self-governance units.
3. The idea of village panchayats in Article 40 was borrowed from —
A) Gandhian ideals
B) Socialist principles
C) Liberal democratic ideals
D) Marxist philosophy
Answer: A) Gandhian ideals
Explanation: Gandhi’s concept of Gram Swaraj influenced Article 40 directly.
4. Directive Principles are —
A) Enforceable by courts
B) Not enforceable but fundamental in governance
C) Justiciable
D) Optional for the State
Answer: B) Not enforceable but fundamental in governance
Explanation: They guide legislative and executive policy-making.
5. Article 40 falls under which category of DPSPs?
A) Socialist principles
B) Liberal principles
C) Gandhian principles
D) International principles
Answer: C) Gandhian principles
Explanation: Gandhian DPSPs focus on rural upliftment and self-government.
6. The main purpose of Article 40 is to —
A) Establish economic equality
B) Establish Panchayati Raj Institutions
C) Promote judiciary
D) Strengthen Parliament
Answer: B) Establish Panchayati Raj Institutions
Explanation: It’s the constitutional inspiration behind India’s rural local self-government.
7. The Directive Principles aim to establish —
A) Welfare state
B) Police state
C) Dictatorship
D) Oligarchy
Answer: A) Welfare state
Explanation: DPSPs form the moral foundation of India’s welfare-oriented democracy.
8. Which article is directly related to the Panchayati Raj system?
A) Article 38
B) Article 40
C) Article 41
D) Article 45
Answer: B) Article 40
Explanation: Article 40 directs the State to organize village panchayats.
9. The Directive Principles were inspired by —
A) U.S. Constitution
B) Irish Constitution
C) British Constitution
D) French Constitution
Answer: B) Irish Constitution
Explanation: The concept of non-justiciable directives was adopted from Ireland.
10. Who called DPSPs the “instrument of instructions” to future governments?
A) Jawaharlal Nehru
B) B.R. Ambedkar
C) K.M. Munshi
D) Sardar Patel
Answer: B) B.R. Ambedkar
Explanation: He said they act as moral guidelines for future policies.
11. The Directive Principles aim to ensure —
A) Political democracy
B) Social and economic democracy
C) Judicial control
D) Bureaucratic power
Answer: B) Social and economic democracy
Explanation: They supplement Fundamental Rights to achieve overall justice.
12. Article 40 seeks to realize Gandhi’s dream of —
A) Industrial development
B) Village republics
C) Political dominance
D) Urban self-government
Answer: B) Village republics
Explanation: Gandhi envisioned Gram Swaraj – self-sufficient villages.
13. Which body implemented Article 40 after independence?
A) State governments
B) Zila Parishads
C) Central government through the 73rd Amendment
D) Finance Commission
Answer: C) 73rd Amendment
Explanation: The 73rd Amendment (1992) gave Article 40 a constitutional framework.
14. The DPSPs are addressed to —
A) Judiciary
B) State legislature and executive
C) Citizens
D) Panchayats
Answer: B) State legislature and executive
Explanation: Only the government is obliged to implement them.
15. “The State shall take steps to organize village panchayats” — appears in:
A) Article 38
B) Article 39
C) Article 40
D) Article 41
Answer: C) Article 40
Explanation: This Article ensures decentralized democratic governance.
16. The 73rd Amendment is a fulfillment of which Directive Principle?
A) Article 38
B) Article 39
C) Article 40
D) Article 41
Answer: C) Article 40
Explanation: It transformed Article 40 from a directive into a reality.
17. Who described DPSPs as the “conscience of the Constitution”?
A) Granville Austin
B) B.R. Ambedkar
C) Jawaharlal Nehru
D) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Answer: A) Granville Austin
Explanation: He called DPSPs the moral core of Indian Constitution.
18. Which Article ensures promotion of social order based on justice?
A) Article 36
B) Article 38
C) Article 41
D) Article 47
Answer: B) Article 38
Explanation: It directs the State to secure social, economic, and political justice.
19. Directive Principles are considered —
A) Negative rights
B) Positive obligations
C) Political ideals only
D) Judicial functions
Answer: B) Positive obligations
Explanation: They impose duties on the State to achieve welfare goals.
20. The inclusion of Article 40 shows that India follows —
A) Federalism
B) Centralization
C) Democratic decentralization
D) Judicial review
Answer: C) Democratic decentralization
Explanation: Article 40 promotes local self-rule and citizen participation.
21. Who first proposed constitutional village panchayats in India?
A) Mahatma Gandhi
B) Jawaharlal Nehru
C) Sardar Patel
D) B.R. Ambedkar
Answer: A) Mahatma Gandhi
Explanation: Gandhi wanted village republics as the foundation of democracy.
22. The DPSPs were included to implement —
A) Economic reforms only
B) Socio-economic justice
C) Religious uniformity
D) Judicial control
Answer: B) Socio-economic justice
Explanation: They aim to build a welfare state based on justice and equality.
23. Article 40 is grouped under —
A) Socialist principles
B) Gandhian principles
C) Liberal principles
D) Economic principles
Answer: B) Gandhian principles
Explanation: It reflects Gandhi’s vision of local self-rule.
24. The concept of Panchayati Raj gives practical shape to —
A) Article 39
B) Article 40
C) Article 41
D) Article 45
Answer: B) Article 40
Explanation: Panchayati Raj operationalizes the directive of organizing village panchayats.
25. The success of Article 40 depends mainly on —
A) Judiciary
B) Active participation of people
C) Governor
D) Bureaucracy
Answer: B) Active participation of people
Explanation: Citizen involvement in local self-governance ensures democratic decentralization.
26. The Directive Principles aim at establishing a society based on —
A) Political equality
B) Economic, social and political justice
C) Religious harmony only
D) Judicial independence
Answer: B) Economic, social and political justice
Explanation: Article 38 directs the State to secure a social order based on justice in all forms.
27. The ultimate objective of the Directive Principles is to establish —
A) Rule of law
B) Welfare State
C) Police State
D) Unitary Government
Answer: B) Welfare State
Explanation: DPSPs ensure that the government works for the welfare of citizens.
28. Article 38 (1) directs the State to —
A) Promote rural industries
B) Secure social order for welfare of people
C) Abolish untouchability
D) Provide free legal aid
Answer: B) Secure social order for welfare of people
Explanation: It mandates the State to strive for justice and minimize inequalities.
29. Which article directs the State to promote the educational and economic interests of weaker sections?
A) Article 38
B) Article 46
C) Article 41
D) Article 43
Answer: B) Article 46
Explanation: Article 46 specifically deals with promotion of SCs, STs and weaker sections.
30. The DPSP which aims to provide free and compulsory education to children is —
A) Article 41
B) Article 45
C) Article 47
D) Article 48
Answer: B) Article 45
Explanation: Originally, Article 45 directed free and compulsory education up to age 14. Later made a Fundamental Right (Article 21-A).
31. Article 47 directs the State to —
A) Promote cottage industries
B) Raise level of nutrition and public health
C) Protect environment
D) Promote Panchayati Raj
Answer: B) Raise level of nutrition and public health
Explanation: It also directs the State to prohibit consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs.
32. Which Directive Principle directly relates to agricultural and rural development?
A) Article 38
B) Article 48
C) Article 49
D) Article 45
Answer: B) Article 48
Explanation: It directs the State to organize agriculture and animal husbandry on modern lines.
33. Promotion of cooperative societies is ensured by —
A) Article 43
B) Article 43-B
C) Article 46
D) Article 50
Answer: B) Article 43-B
Explanation: Inserted by the 97th Amendment (2011) to encourage cooperative movements in rural areas.
34. The principle of Gram Swaraj represents which Directive Principle?
A) Article 39
B) Article 40
C) Article 41
D) Article 43
Answer: B) Article 40
Explanation: Gram Swaraj or village self-rule was Gandhi’s ideal realized through Article 40.
35. Which Directive Principle emphasizes adequate means of livelihood for all citizens?
A) Article 39(a)
B) Article 38(2)
C) Article 45
D) Article 47
Answer: A) Article 39(a)
Explanation: It ensures citizens have adequate means of livelihood to maintain dignity.
36. The principle of equal pay for equal work for both men and women is provided under —
A) Article 38
B) Article 39(d)
C) Article 43
D) Article 46
Answer: B) Article 39(d)
Explanation: It promotes gender equality in employment and wages.
37. Which DPSP directs the State to ensure participation of workers in industrial management?
A) Article 41
B) Article 43-A
C) Article 39-A
D) Article 47
Answer: B) Article 43-A
Explanation: Inserted by the 42nd Amendment (1976) for worker participation in management.
38. Article 39(b) and (c) aim at —
A) Equitable distribution of resources and prevention of concentration of wealth
B) Privatization
C) Tax reduction
D) Political decentralization
Answer: A) Equitable distribution of resources and prevention of concentration of wealth
Explanation: They ensure that economic power benefits the common good.
39. Promotion of cottage industries is ensured under —
A) Article 41
B) Article 43
C) Article 45
D) Article 47
Answer: B) Article 43
Explanation: It directs the State to promote cottage industries in rural areas to strengthen rural economy.
40. The Directive Principles relating to village panchayats aim to promote —
A) Centralisation of power
B) Local self-government
C) Bureaucracy
D) Industrialization
Answer: B) Local self-government
Explanation: Article 40 encourages decentralized, participatory governance.
41. Which article directs the State to provide public assistance in case of unemployment and old age?
A) Article 41
B) Article 42
C) Article 43
D) Article 47
Answer: A) Article 41
Explanation: Article 41 provides right to work, education, and public assistance in specific cases.
42. The goal of Gram Swaraj through Panchayati Raj is inspired by —
A) Article 19
B) Article 40
C) Article 45
D) Article 21
Answer: B) Article 40
Explanation: It embodies Gandhi’s vision of democratic decentralization.
43. The DPSP related to living wage and decent standard of life is —
A) Article 38
B) Article 43
C) Article 47
D) Article 41
Answer: B) Article 43
Explanation: It directs the State to ensure a living wage for all workers.
44. In which Part of the Constitution do both Fundamental Rights and DPSPs aim for social justice?
A) Part III & IV
B) Part IV & IV-A
C) Part II & V
D) Part V & VI
Answer: A) Part III & IV
Explanation: Fundamental Rights ensure political democracy; DPSPs ensure socio-economic democracy.
45. The concept of a welfare state is reflected in —
A) Fundamental Rights
B) Directive Principles of State Policy
C) Preamble only
D) Fundamental Duties
Answer: B) Directive Principles of State Policy
Explanation: They provide the economic and social foundation of the welfare state.
46. The State shall secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of people — found in:
A) Article 36
B) Article 38
C) Article 40
D) Article 43
Answer: B) Article 38
Explanation: It directs the State to minimize inequalities in income and status.
47. Which DPSP aims to promote equal justice and free legal aid?
A) Article 39-A
B) Article 42
C) Article 43-A
D) Article 45
Answer: A) Article 39-A
Explanation: Added by the 42nd Amendment, it ensures equal access to justice.
48. Rural industrialization is mainly promoted through which Articles?
A) 38 & 39
B) 43 & 43-B
C) 46 & 47
D) 48 & 49
Answer: B) 43 & 43-B
Explanation: They direct the State to promote cottage industries and cooperative societies.
49. The Panchayati Raj system implements DPSPs mainly through —
A) Parliament
B) Local self-government planning and execution
C) Judiciary
D) Finance Commission
Answer: B) Local self-government planning and execution
Explanation: PRIs act as instruments of rural social and economic justice.
50. Which of the following reflects both Directive Principles and Panchayati Raj objectives?
A) Centralization of planning
B) Decentralization of democracy
C) Judicial supremacy
D) Bureaucratic governance
Answer: B) Decentralization of democracy
Explanation: Both aim to empower people at the grassroots and ensure participatory governance.
51. Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles together aim to establish —
A) Dictatorship of bureaucracy
B) Theocratic state
C) Welfare democratic state
D) Capitalist economy
Answer: C) Welfare democratic state
Explanation: Fundamental Rights ensure individual freedom; DPSPs ensure social and economic justice.
52. Fundamental Rights are justiciable, whereas Directive Principles are —
A) Non-justiciable
B) Mandatory
C) Enforceable by courts
D) Financial rights
Answer: A) Non-justiciable
Explanation: DPSPs are not legally enforceable but guide policy-making.
53. The relation between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles is like —
A) Conflict between two documents
B) Complementary and supplementary
C) Opposed to each other
D) Unrelated provisions
Answer: B) Complementary and supplementary
Explanation: Both aim for justice — FRs for political democracy, DPSPs for socio-economic democracy.
54. Which Article protects laws giving effect to Directive Principles from being invalid?
A) Article 13
B) Article 31-C
C) Article 32
D) Article 368
Answer: B) Article 31-C
Explanation: Inserted by 25th Amendment (1971), it protects laws implementing Article 39(b) & (c).
55. Which case upheld the harmony between Fundamental Rights and DPSPs?
A) Golaknath case (1967)
B) Kesavananda Bharati case (1973)
C) Minerva Mills case (1980)
D) Maneka Gandhi case (1978)
Answer: C) Minerva Mills case (1980)
Explanation: The Supreme Court ruled both are complementary and form part of the basic structure.
56. The Panchayati Raj system primarily realizes which Directive Principle?
A) Article 38
B) Article 40
C) Article 41
D) Article 43
Answer: B) Article 40
Explanation: Article 40 directs the State to organize village Panchayats for self-governance.
57. Directive Principles related to Panchayati Raj help achieve —
A) Judicial control
B) Political decentralization and rural empowerment
C) Bureaucratic centralization
D) Urban development only
Answer: B) Political decentralization and rural empowerment
Explanation: They ensure local participation in decision-making.
58. Article 38 and 40 together aim to promote —
A) Centralization
B) Social justice and democratic decentralization
C) Urbanization
D) Privatization
Answer: B) Social justice and democratic decentralization
Explanation: Article 38 ensures justice; Article 40 ensures grassroots democracy.
59. The 73rd Amendment (1992) operationalized which Directive Principle?
A) Article 45
B) Article 40
C) Article 47
D) Article 48
Answer: B) Article 40
Explanation: The Amendment gave constitutional status to Panchayats as envisaged in Article 40.
60. Both DPSPs and Fundamental Rights aim to achieve —
A) Political equality only
B) Economic and social justice
C) Capitalism
D) Judicial supremacy
Answer: B) Economic and social justice
Explanation: They serve as two wheels of the same chariot leading to a welfare state.
61. Directive Principles relating to Panchayati Raj reflect which value of the Preamble?
A) Sovereignty
B) Liberty
C) Justice
D) Integrity
Answer: C) Justice
Explanation: They aim to secure social and economic justice for all citizens.
62. Which Article provides that the State shall minimize inequalities in income and status?
A) Article 38(2)
B) Article 39(b)
C) Article 41
D) Article 42
Answer: A) Article 38(2)
Explanation: It ensures equitable distribution, supporting local self-development via Panchayats.
63. The Directive Principles promote which type of democracy?
A) Centralized democracy
B) Economic democracy
C) Political only
D) Judicial democracy
Answer: B) Economic democracy
Explanation: They extend democracy beyond politics into social and economic life.
64. “Right to Work” (Article 41) can be implemented effectively through —
A) Judiciary
B) Panchayats and local employment programs
C) Election Commission
D) Private institutions
Answer: B) Panchayats and local employment programs
Explanation: PRIs execute employment schemes like MGNREGA, fulfilling Article 41.
65. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) fulfills which DPSP?
A) Article 39(a)
B) Article 41
C) Article 45
D) Article 46
Answer: B) Article 41
Explanation: Ensures “right to work” through guaranteed rural employment.
66. Panchayati Raj institutions contribute to achieving —
A) Urban governance
B) Rural development and poverty alleviation
C) International cooperation
D) Foreign trade
Answer: B) Rural development and poverty alleviation
Explanation: Local governments implement grassroots-level welfare programs.
67. The Directive Principles provide a framework for —
A) Decentralized and participatory governance
B) Judicial supremacy
C) Centralized administration
D) Dictatorship
Answer: A) Decentralized and participatory governance
Explanation: DPSPs advocate self-rule and citizen participation in development.
68. Fundamental Rights protect individual liberty; DPSPs promote —
A) Group and community welfare
B) Judicial review
C) Private sector
D) Taxation
Answer: A) Group and community welfare
Explanation: DPSPs deal with collective socio-economic welfare of citizens.
69. Panchayats implement the Directive Principles through —
A) Execution of development schemes
B) Police enforcement
C) Judicial orders
D) Legislative veto
Answer: A) Execution of development schemes
Explanation: Gram Panchayats operationalize welfare and development programs under DPSPs.
70. Both Fundamental Rights and DPSPs derive their inspiration from —
A) American Constitution
B) Irish Constitution
C) British Constitution
D) German Constitution
Answer: B) Irish Constitution
Explanation: Ireland’s constitution provided the idea of justiciable and non-justiciable rights.
71. Implementation of DPSPs through Panchayati Raj ensures —
A) Grassroots planning and execution
B) Centralized economic policy
C) Only bureaucratic control
D) Judicial enforcement
Answer: A) Grassroots planning and execution
Explanation: Panchayats prepare local plans for social and economic development (Article 243G).
72. Which Article ensures equal access to justice, vital for Panchayati dispute resolution?
A) Article 38
B) Article 39-A
C) Article 43
D) Article 50
Answer: B) Article 39-A
Explanation: Promotes legal aid and equal justice, aligning with Nyaya Panchayat principles.
73. DPSPs provide moral and constitutional support for —
A) Bureaucratic control
B) Panchayati Raj empowerment
C) Judicial overreach
D) Political propaganda
Answer: B) Panchayati Raj empowerment
Explanation: They encourage decentralization and local decision-making.
74. The Directive Principles are essential in Panchayati Raj because they —
A) Restrict democracy
B) Strengthen central authority
C) Provide moral legitimacy for rural governance
D) Limit people’s participation
Answer: C) Provide moral legitimacy for rural governance
Explanation: Article 40 and related principles justify democratic decentralization.
75. In the hierarchy of constitutional goals, the Directive Principles are meant to —
A) Guide the State toward a welfare state
B) Replace Fundamental Rights
C) Empower the judiciary
D) Limit local governments
Answer: A) Guide the State toward a welfare state
Explanation: They form the blueprint for social and economic democracy implemented via Panchayats.
76. The Directive Principle that laid the foundation for Panchayati Raj is —
A) Article 38
B) Article 40
C) Article 43
D) Article 45
Answer: B) Article 40
Explanation: It directs the State to organize village Panchayats and endow them with powers for self-government.
77. Which Committee first recommended constitutional status to Panchayati Raj Institutions?
A) Balwant Rai Mehta Committee
B) Ashok Mehta Committee
C) L.M. Singhvi Committee
D) G.V.K. Rao Committee
Answer: C) L.M. Singhvi Committee
Explanation: Formed in 1986, it suggested constitutional recognition for PRIs — realizing Article 40.
78. The 73rd Amendment Act of 1992 can be seen as —
A) A part of Directive Principles implementation
B) Restriction on DPSPs
C) Judicial reform
D) Industrial policy
Answer: A) A part of Directive Principles implementation
Explanation: It gave legal effect to Article 40 by constitutionalizing Panchayati Raj.
79. The term “Village Republics” relates to which Article?
A) Article 36
B) Article 38
C) Article 40
D) Article 50
Answer: C) Article 40
Explanation: It reflects Gandhi’s idea of self-sufficient village republics under Article 40.
80. Panchayati Raj serves as an instrument to implement which Directive Principle?
A) Article 39(b) – equitable distribution of wealth
B) Article 40 – village Panchayats
C) Article 47 – health and nutrition
D) Article 43 – living wage
Answer: B) Article 40 – village Panchayats
Explanation: PRIs institutionalize grassroots self-governance as per Article 40.
81. Which Committee emphasized “democratic decentralization”?
A) Balwant Rai Mehta Committee
B) Ashok Mehta Committee
C) L.M. Singhvi Committee
D) G.V.K. Rao Committee
Answer: A) Balwant Rai Mehta Committee
Explanation: It first introduced the concept of democratic decentralization in 1957.
82. The 11th Schedule (added by the 73rd Amendment) implements which Directive Principle?
A) Article 43
B) Article 40
C) Article 38
D) Article 50
Answer: B) Article 40
Explanation: Lists 29 functions for Panchayats, giving practical shape to Article 40.
83. “Democracy at the grassroots level” is a practical realization of —
A) Preamble
B) Directive Principles (Article 40)
C) Fundamental Duties
D) Finance Commission
Answer: B) Directive Principles (Article 40)
Explanation: Article 40’s vision of local self-government manifests through Panchayati Raj.
84. The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee recommended which of the following for PRIs?
A) Direct election at all three levels
B) Direct election at village level, indirect at higher levels
C) Only nominated bodies
D) Judicial supervision
Answer: B) Direct election at village level, indirect at higher levels
Explanation: Gram Panchayat by direct elections; higher tiers elected indirectly.
85. The Ashok Mehta Committee (1977) recommended —
A) Gram Swaraj model
B) Two-tier system of PRIs
C) Strengthening Nyaya Panchayats
D) Abolition of Zila Parishads
Answer: B) Two-tier system of PRIs
Explanation: District and Mandal levels — to improve efficiency and coordination.
86. The Directive Principles aim to strengthen —
A) Bureaucracy
B) Centralized planning
C) Local democracy
D) Judicial control
Answer: C) Local democracy
Explanation: DPSPs promote decentralization, people’s participation, and rural empowerment.
87. The concept of “Decentralized Planning” under Panchayati Raj was emphasized by —
A) Ashok Mehta Committee
B) G.V.K. Rao Committee
C) L.M. Singhvi Committee
D) V.T. Krishnamachari Committee
Answer: B) G.V.K. Rao Committee
Explanation: It recommended Panchayati Raj as the foundation of rural development planning.
88. The Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 (PESA) extends —
A) Fundamental Rights
B) Directive Principles on self-government (Article 40)
C) Urban planning powers
D) Central taxation
Answer: B) Directive Principles on self-government (Article 40)
Explanation: PESA implements Article 40’s mandate among tribal and Scheduled Areas.
89. The main purpose of DPSPs relating to Panchayati Raj is —
A) To strengthen local self-governance
B) To empower Parliament
C) To reduce elections
D) To increase bureaucracy
Answer: A) To strengthen local self-governance
Explanation: Article 40 and related directives promote decentralized democracy.
90. The Directive Principles are described as “Fundamental in the governance of the country” in —
A) Article 36
B) Article 37
C) Article 38
D) Article 39
Answer: B) Article 37
Explanation: Article 37 clarifies that DPSPs are not justiciable but fundamental in governance.
91. Which case held that both Fundamental Rights and DPSPs are complementary?
A) Golaknath v. State of Punjab
B) Minerva Mills v. Union of India
C) Champakam Dorairajan case
D) Maneka Gandhi case
Answer: B) Minerva Mills v. Union of India
Explanation: Supreme Court in 1980 held both as essential to the Constitution’s harmony.
92. Which Article deals with separation of judiciary from executive — a Directive Principle?
A) Article 48
B) Article 50
C) Article 46
D) Article 43
Answer: B) Article 50
Explanation: Ensures independence of judiciary — vital for fair local governance.
93. The Directive Principles relating to Panchayati Raj reflect which concept of the Preamble?
A) Equality and Justice
B) Sovereignty
C) Liberty
D) Fraternity
Answer: A) Equality and Justice
Explanation: DPSPs operationalize equality and justice through social empowerment at local levels.
94. The 73rd Amendment reflects which principle of the Indian Constitution?
A) Centralization of power
B) Democratic decentralization
C) Judicial supremacy
D) Industrial development
Answer: B) Democratic decentralization
Explanation: It devolves power to the people at grassroots level.
95. Panchayati Raj implements which of the following objectives of DPSPs?
A) Decentralization of power and participatory democracy
B) National defense
C) Industrial privatization
D) Uniform civil code
Answer: A) Decentralization of power and participatory democracy
Explanation: PRIs ensure citizen participation in governance as envisioned by Article 40.
96. The Directive Principles have been implemented in rural development through —
A) Panchayati Raj Institutions
B) Supreme Court decisions
C) Private companies
D) Election Commission
Answer: A) Panchayati Raj Institutions
Explanation: PRIs implement the social and economic goals of DPSPs.
97. The Gram Sabha gives practical shape to which Directive Principle?
A) Article 39-A
B) Article 40
C) Article 41
D) Article 43
Answer: B) Article 40
Explanation: Gram Sabha embodies local self-rule and democratic participation.
98. The spirit of Directive Principles is most visible in —
A) Bureaucratic administration
B) Panchayati Raj & rural governance
C) Private industries
D) Defense services
Answer: B) Panchayati Raj & rural governance
Explanation: PRIs directly realize many DPSPs concerning welfare and equality.
99. The Directive Principles and Panchayati Raj together promote —
A) Economic planning and political decentralization
B) Judicial independence only
C) Centralized authority
D) Military rule
Answer: A) Economic planning and political decentralization
Explanation: They empower local institutions to plan and execute development.
100. The essence of the Directive Principles relating to Panchayati Raj is —
A) “Power to the people”
B) “Power to bureaucracy”
C) “Power to judiciary”
D) “Power to Parliament”
Answer: A) “Power to the people”
Explanation: Article 40’s vision of self-rule ensures that democracy begins at the grassroots — true Gram Swaraj.