- D) Latin
- Explanation: The word “computer” is derived from the Latin word ‘computare’, which means to calculate or reckon.
- D) Arithmetic and Logic Unit
- Explanation: The CPU consists of three main components: the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), the Control Unit (CU), and memory/registers (pp. 1, 3).
- C) Charles Babbage
- Explanation: Charles Babbage is known as the “Father of Computer” because he designed the first mechanical computer, the Analytical Engine (pp. 1, 6).
- A) Processing
- Explanation: Processing is the action of taking raw data and converting it into meaningful information (pp. 1, 7).
- C) Thinking
- Explanation: While computers can process data at high speeds, they lack innate intelligence and cannot “think” or make decisions outside of their programming (pp. 1-2).
- C) Booting
- Explanation: Booting is the initial process of starting a computer and loading the operating system into the RAM (p. 2).
- C) Information
- Explanation: Information is processed data that has been organized to be meaningful to the user (pp. 2, 7).
- E) All of these
- Explanation: Input includes everything sent to the computer for processing, including data, software programs, specific commands, and user responses (p. 2).
- B) Central
- Explanation: CPU stands for Central Processing Unit (p. 2).
- C) Control unit, arithmetic logic unit, memory unit
- Explanation: These three elements work together within the CPU to process data and manage instructions (p. 3).
- D) Both A & C
- Explanation: The primary functions of the CPU are to execute (carry out) program instructions and process data into information (p. 3).
- A) Machine language
- Explanation: First-generation computers were programmed using machine language (binary 0s and 1s), which is the only language a computer understands directly (p. 3).
- C) Character user interface
- Explanation: CUI is a text-based interface (like MS-DOS) where users interact with the computer by typing commands (p. 3).
- A) ALU
- Explanation: The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is specifically responsible for all mathematical calculations and logical comparisons (pp. 3-4).
- D) UPS
- Explanation: While a UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) is useful for backup power, the computer can function without it. The CPU, Mouse, and Monitor are core components (p. 4).
- A) First Generation Computers
- Explanation: ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was the first general-purpose electronic digital computer, built during the first generation (p. 4).
- A) A bit
- Explanation: A “bit” (binary digit) is the smallest unit of data in a computer, representing either a 0 or a 1 (p. 4).
- C) 1642
- Explanation: The Pascaline, one of the first mechanical calculators, was invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642 (pp. 4, 7).
- C) Incorrect data entry
- Explanation: This refers to the principle of “Garbage In, Garbage Out” (GIGO); if the input is wrong, the output will be wrong, even if the computer processes it accurately.
- C) Gigahertz
- Explanation: Modern computer clock speeds (how fast the CPU processes instructions) are typically measured in Gigahertz (GHz).
- D) Five
- Explanation: There are five recognized generations of computers, each defined by the major technological development used (e.g., Vacuum tubes to AI).
- B) Alan Turing
- Explanation: While Babbage is the father of computing, Alan Turing is considered the father of modern computer science and AI.
- D) Transistors
- Explanation: Transistors replaced vacuum tubes in the second generation, making computers smaller, faster, and more reliable.
- D) Tabulating Machine
- Explanation: Herman Hollerith invented the Tabulating Machine to help process data for the 1890 U.S. Census.
- D) Analytical Engine
- Explanation: The Analytical Engine was Babbage’s design for a general-purpose, fully program-controlled, automatic mechanical digital computer.
- B) Data is processed into information
- Explanation: Data refers to raw facts and figures, while information is the meaningful result obtained after those facts are processed.
- B) Speed and accuracy
- Explanation: Computers are designed to perform millions of calculations per second with near-perfect precision, which are their core strengths.
- D) Fourth generation
- Explanation: The fourth generation (starting around 1971) saw the invention of the microprocessor, which integrated thousands of transistors onto a single chip.
- B) Blaise Pascal
- Explanation: Blaise Pascal invented the “Pascaline” in 1642, which is widely considered the first functional mechanical calculator.
- B) IC Chip
- Explanation: The third generation replaced individual transistors with Integrated Circuits (ICs), significantly increasing speed and efficiency.
- A) UNIVAC I
- Explanation: UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer) was the first general-purpose electronic digital computer designed for business and administrative use.
- C) Very Large Scale Integrated
- Explanation: VLSI is the process of creating an integrated circuit by combining millions of MOS transistors onto a single chip.
- C) Power-On Self Test
- Explanation: POST is a diagnostic testing sequence that a computer’s BIOS runs to ensure hardware (like RAM and CPU) is working before booting.
- B) 2nd
- Explanation: While 1st gen used early batch systems, the 2nd generation is most noted for formalizing Batch Processing Operating Systems to improve CPU usage.
- B) John von Neumann
- Explanation: He proposed the “von Neumann architecture,” where both programs and data are stored in the same memory, a concept used in almost all modern computers.
- B) Abacus
- Explanation: The Abacus, dating back thousands of years, is the oldest known tool used for arithmetic calculations.
- B) Calculations
- Explanation: The Abacus was primarily used for basic arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
- B) 1971
- Explanation: Intel released the 4004, the world’s first commercially available microprocessor, in 1971.
- C) Third
- Explanation: Time-sharing allowed multiple users to use a single computer simultaneously, a major software breakthrough of the 3rd generation.
- D) Fourth
- Explanation: The 4th generation introduced microcomputers (PCs) and the widespread use of networking (LANs/WANs) and portable devices.
- C) Tiring after long use
- Explanation: This is a human trait. Computers possess “diligence,” meaning they can work for hours without getting tired or losing focus.
- C) Graphical User Interface
- Explanation: GUI allows users to interact with electronic devices through visual indicators like icons and menus, rather than text-based commands.
- B) Diligence
- Explanation: Diligence is the computer’s capacity to perform repetitive tasks with the same speed and accuracy every single time.
- B) PC
- Explanation: “PC” stands for Personal Computer, which is the most common term for a computer designed for use by one person at a time.
- A) Versatility
- Explanation: Versatility refers to the computer’s ability to perform completely different types of work, from playing games to scientific research.
- A) Microcomputer
- Explanation: Microcomputers (like your desktop or laptop) are the smallest and least expensive compared to mainframes or supercomputers.
- C) Portable computer
- Explanation: These are all devices designed to be easily carried and used in different locations.
- A) Information Technology
- Explanation: IT is a broad term encompassing the use of computers, storage, and networking to create, process, and secure electronic data.
- A) Vacuum tubes
- Explanation: The first generation of computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory.
- D) Randomness
- Explanation: Information must be accurate, timely, and relevant to be useful; randomness is the opposite of organized, meaningful information.