{"id":12090,"date":"2025-08-19T08:37:07","date_gmt":"2025-08-19T07:37:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/?p=12090"},"modified":"2025-10-22T11:40:58","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T10:40:58","slug":"fundamentals-of-environmental-sciences-top-100-mcqs-with-answer-and-explanation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/2025\/08\/19\/fundamentals-of-environmental-sciences-top-100-mcqs-with-answer-and-explanation\/","title":{"rendered":"Fundamentals of Environmental Sciences Top 100 MCQs With Answer and Explanation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

1. What does the term \u2018environment\u2019 include?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Only living things
b) Only non-living things
c) Both living and non-living things
d) Only atmosphere
Answer:<\/strong> c) Both living and non-living things
Explanation:<\/strong> Environment consists of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. The scientific study of the relationship between organisms and their environment is called:<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Zoology
b) Ecology
c) Botany
d) Geology
Answer:<\/strong> b) Ecology
Explanation:<\/strong> Ecology deals with interactions between living organisms and their surroundings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. The basic functional unit of ecology is:<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Species
b) Population
c) Ecosystem
d) Community
Answer:<\/strong> c) Ecosystem
Explanation:<\/strong> Ecosystem includes both living organisms and their physical environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Which is NOT a component of the environment?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Atmosphere
b) Biosphere
c) Hydrosphere
d) Isosphere
Answer:<\/strong> d) Isosphere
Explanation:<\/strong> Isosphere is not an environmental component; key ones are atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Which of the following is a biotic factor?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Temperature
b) Light
c) Plants
d) Soil
Answer:<\/strong> c) Plants
Explanation:<\/strong> Biotic factors are living things such as plants, animals, and microbes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. The upper layer of the earth where living beings exist is called:<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Lithosphere
b) Atmosphere
c) Biosphere
d) Hydrosphere
Answer:<\/strong> c) Biosphere
Explanation:<\/strong> Biosphere is the zone of life on Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. Which of the following is a renewable resource?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Coal
b) Petroleum
c) Solar energy
d) Natural gas
Answer:<\/strong> c) Solar energy
Explanation:<\/strong> Solar energy is continuously replenished by nature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. Who is known as the father of ecology?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Charles Darwin
b) Ernst Haeckel
c) Gregor Mendel
d) Rachel Carson
Answer:<\/strong> b) Ernst Haeckel
Explanation:<\/strong> He coined the term \u2018ecology\u2019 in 1866.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Troposphere
b) Stratosphere
c) Mesosphere
d) Thermosphere
Answer:<\/strong> b) Stratosphere
Explanation:<\/strong> Ozone layer is found in the stratosphere and absorbs harmful UV rays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. The main cause of seasons on Earth is:<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Earth\u2019s rotation
b) Earth\u2019s revolution and tilt of axis
c) Moon\u2019s gravity
d) Sun\u2019s movement
Answer:<\/strong> b) Earth\u2019s revolution and tilt of axis
Explanation:<\/strong> Tilted axis and revolution cause varying sunlight distribution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11. Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Methane
c) Nitrous oxide
d) Oxygen
Answer:<\/strong> d) Oxygen
Explanation:<\/strong> Oxygen does not trap heat; CO\u2082, CH\u2084, and N\u2082O are greenhouse gases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12. Which term refers to all organisms of the same species in a given area?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Community
b) Population
c) Biosphere
d) Habitat
Answer:<\/strong> b) Population
Explanation:<\/strong> Population is a group of the same species living together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13. What is the main source of energy for ecosystems?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Wind
b) Solar energy
c) Chemical energy
d) Geothermal energy
Answer:<\/strong> b) Solar energy
Explanation:<\/strong> Sunlight drives photosynthesis and energy flow in ecosystems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14. The natural place where an organism lives is called:<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Habitat
b) Niche
c) Community
d) Ecosystem
Answer:<\/strong> a) Habitat
Explanation:<\/strong> Habitat is the specific environment where an organism lives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

15. Which of the following is an abiotic factor?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Bacteria
b) Grass
c) Water
d) Insects
Answer:<\/strong> c) Water
Explanation:<\/strong> Abiotic factors are non-living elements of the environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

16. The layer of gases surrounding Earth is called:<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Lithosphere
b) Hydrosphere
c) Atmosphere
d) Troposphere
Answer:<\/strong> c) Atmosphere
Explanation:<\/strong> Atmosphere contains air essential for life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

17. Which sphere contains all the water on Earth?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Lithosphere
b) Hydrosphere
c) Atmosphere
d) Biosphere
Answer:<\/strong> b) Hydrosphere
Explanation:<\/strong> Hydrosphere includes oceans, rivers, lakes, and groundwater.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

18. The gradual change in species composition in an area over time is called:<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Succession
b) Evolution
c) Adaptation
d) Mutation
Answer:<\/strong> a) Succession
Explanation:<\/strong> Ecological succession involves replacement of species over time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

19. Which of the following is an example of a decomposer?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Cow
b) Mushroom
c) Grasshopper
d) Lion
Answer:<\/strong> b) Mushroom
Explanation:<\/strong> Decomposers break down dead organic matter into simpler substances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

20. Which of the following is NOT an ecosystem?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Forest
b) Pond
c) Desert
d) Table
Answer:<\/strong> d) Table
Explanation:<\/strong> Table is non-living and not a functional ecological unit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

21. In an ecosystem, plants are considered:<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Consumers
b) Producers
c) Decomposers
d) Predators
Answer:<\/strong> b) Producers
Explanation:<\/strong> Plants produce food through photosynthesis and form the base of the food chain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

22. Which of the following is a primary consumer?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Rabbit
b) Lion
c) Eagle
d) Snake
Answer:<\/strong> a) Rabbit
Explanation:<\/strong> Primary consumers eat producers (plants).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

23. Carnivores are:<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Herbivores
b) Meat-eaters
c) Omnivores
d) Detritivores
Answer:<\/strong> b) Meat-eaters
Explanation:<\/strong> Carnivores feed on other animals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

24. Which of these is an example of a detritivore?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Earthworm
b) Deer
c) Tiger
d) Peacock
Answer:<\/strong> a) Earthworm
Explanation:<\/strong> Detritivores feed on dead organic matter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

25. The sequence of organisms through which energy flows is called:<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Food chain
b) Food web
c) Pyramid
d) Biogeochemical cycle
Answer:<\/strong> a) Food chain
Explanation:<\/strong> Food chain shows energy transfer from one organism to another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

26. Which of these best represents reality in nature?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Food chain
b) Food web
c) Energy ladder
d) Straight chain
Answer:<\/strong> b) Food web
Explanation:<\/strong> In nature, food chains interconnect to form a food web.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

27. Energy flow in an ecosystem is:<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Cyclic
b) One-way
c) Random
d) Multi-directional
Answer:<\/strong> b) One-way
Explanation:<\/strong> Energy flows in one direction \u2014 from sun to producers to consumers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

28. Which law states that energy is neither created nor destroyed?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) First law of thermodynamics
b) Second law of thermodynamics
c) Law of entropy
d) Law of gravity
Answer:<\/strong> a) First law of thermodynamics
Explanation:<\/strong> This law is about energy conservation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

29. Which pyramid is always upright?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Pyramid of numbers
b) Pyramid of biomass
c) Pyramid of energy
d) Pyramid of size
Answer:<\/strong> c) Pyramid of energy
Explanation:<\/strong> Energy decreases at each trophic level, so the pyramid is always upright.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

30. Which of these is a secondary consumer?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Grass
b) Goat
c) Snake
d) Mushroom
Answer:<\/strong> c) Snake
Explanation:<\/strong> Snake feeds on primary consumers like frogs or mice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

31. The natural recycling of nutrients is known as:<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Energy flow
b) Nutrient cycling
c) Photosynthesis
d) Succession
Answer:<\/strong> b) Nutrient cycling
Explanation:<\/strong> It involves continuous movement of nutrients like nitrogen and carbon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

32. Which gas is fixed during photosynthesis?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Nitrogen
b) Oxygen
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Methane
Answer:<\/strong> c) Carbon dioxide
Explanation:<\/strong> Plants use CO\u2082 to produce glucose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

33. The process of converting ammonia into nitrates is called:<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Nitrogen fixation
b) Nitrification
c) Denitrification
d) Ammonification
Answer:<\/strong> b) Nitrification
Explanation:<\/strong> Nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia into nitrates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

34. In the carbon cycle, plants release CO\u2082 during:<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Photosynthesis
b) Respiration
c) Transpiration
d) Germination
Answer:<\/strong> b) Respiration
Explanation:<\/strong> Plants respire and release carbon dioxide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

35. Which ecosystem has the highest productivity?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Desert
b) Tundra
c) Tropical rainforest
d) Grassland
Answer:<\/strong> c) Tropical rainforest
Explanation:<\/strong> High temperature, rainfall, and biodiversity boost productivity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

36. The largest biome on Earth is:<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Desert
b) Ocean
c) Grassland
d) Forest
Answer:<\/strong> b) Ocean
Explanation:<\/strong> Oceans cover about 71% of Earth\u2019s surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

37. Which cycle involves evaporation, condensation, and precipitation?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Nitrogen cycle
b) Water cycle
c) Carbon cycle
d) Oxygen cycle
Answer:<\/strong> b) Water cycle
Explanation:<\/strong> The water cycle circulates water in different forms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

38. Which type of succession starts on bare rock?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Primary succession
b) Secondary succession
c) Tertiary succession
d) Climax succession
Answer:<\/strong> a) Primary succession
Explanation:<\/strong> Primary succession begins where there was no life before.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

39. An organism\u2019s role in its environment is called:<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Habitat
b) Niche
c) Community
d) Population
Answer:<\/strong> b) Niche
Explanation:<\/strong> Niche refers to the functional role of a species.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

40. Which organisms form the first trophic level?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Herbivores
b) Producers
c) Carnivores
d) Omnivores
Answer:<\/strong> b) Producers
Explanation:<\/strong> Producers convert solar energy into chemical energy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

41. Which is NOT a non-renewable resource?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Coal
b) Petroleum
c) Natural gas
d) Wind energy
Answer:<\/strong> d) Wind energy
Explanation:<\/strong> Wind is a renewable resource.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

42. Which is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Oxygen
b) Nitrogen
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Argon
Answer:<\/strong> b) Nitrogen
Explanation:<\/strong> Nitrogen makes up about 78% of Earth\u2019s atmosphere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

43. Biodiversity refers to:<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Number of people in an area
b) Variety of life forms
c) Amount of forest cover
d) Climate change
Answer:<\/strong> b) Variety of life forms
Explanation:<\/strong> Biodiversity is the diversity of species, genes, and ecosystems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

44. Which country has the highest biodiversity?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Brazil
b) India
c) Australia
d) Canada
Answer:<\/strong> a) Brazil
Explanation:<\/strong> Brazil, especially the Amazon, has the richest biodiversity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

45. India is one of the world\u2019s:<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Biodiversity hotspots
b) Desert countries
c) Polar regions
d) Low-biodiversity areas
Answer:<\/strong> a) Biodiversity hotspots
Explanation:<\/strong> India has 4 biodiversity hotspots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

46. Which forest type is known as the \u2018lungs of the planet\u2019?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Coniferous forest
b) Tropical rainforest
c) Temperate forest
d) Mangroves
Answer:<\/strong> b) Tropical rainforest
Explanation:<\/strong> They absorb CO\u2082 and release O\u2082 in large amounts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

47. Which of these is an endemic species in India?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Lion-tailed macaque
b) Tiger
c) Leopard
d) Elephant
Answer:<\/strong> a) Lion-tailed macaque
Explanation:<\/strong> Found only in the Western Ghats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

48. The Sundarbans are famous for:<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Elephants
b) Royal Bengal tigers
c) Snow leopards
d) Rhinos
Answer:<\/strong> b) Royal Bengal tigers
Explanation:<\/strong> The mangrove forests are home to this tiger species.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

49. Which plant is known as the \u2018Queen of Herbs\u2019?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Neem
b) Tulsi
c) Aloe vera
d) Rose
Answer:<\/strong> b) Tulsi
Explanation:<\/strong> Tulsi has medicinal value in Ayurveda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

50. Which is the smallest biosphere reserve in India?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Dibru-Saikhowa
b) Panna
c) Nilgiri
d) Dihang-Dibang
Answer:<\/strong> b) Panna
Explanation:<\/strong> Located in Madhya Pradesh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

51. Which of these is an example of an extinct species?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Dodo
b) Tiger
c) Panda
d) Deer
Answer:<\/strong> a) Dodo
Explanation:<\/strong> Dodo bird is no longer found on Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

52. Which is the largest coral reef system in the world?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Red Sea Reef
b) Great Barrier Reef
c) Lakshadweep Reef
d) Belize Reef
Answer:<\/strong> b) Great Barrier Reef
Explanation:<\/strong> Located off Australia\u2019s coast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

53. Which plant is known for nitrogen fixation?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Wheat
b) Rice
c) Legumes
d) Maize
Answer:<\/strong> c) Legumes
Explanation:<\/strong> Leguminous plants have nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

54. Which resource is obtained from bauxite?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Iron
b) Copper
c) Aluminium
d) Gold
Answer:<\/strong> c) Aluminium
Explanation:<\/strong> Bauxite is the ore of aluminium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

55. Which is the largest source of freshwater on Earth?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Rivers
b) Lakes
c) Ice caps and glaciers
d) Groundwater
Answer:<\/strong> c) Ice caps and glaciers
Explanation:<\/strong> They store most of the Earth\u2019s freshwater.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

56. Which state in India has the highest forest cover?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Arunachal Pradesh
b) Madhya Pradesh
c) Mizoram
d) Assam
Answer:<\/strong> b) Madhya Pradesh
Explanation:<\/strong> As per Forest Survey of India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

57. Which is the main cause of deforestation?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Industrialization
b) Agriculture expansion
c) Urbanization
d) All of the above
Answer:<\/strong> d) All of the above
Explanation:<\/strong> Multiple human activities cause deforestation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

58. The Gir Forest is famous for:<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Asiatic lions
b) Tigers
c) Leopards
d) Elephants
Answer:<\/strong> a) Asiatic lions
Explanation:<\/strong> Gir in Gujarat is the only natural home of Asiatic lions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

59. Which is the largest mangrove forest in the world?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Sundarbans
b) Bhitarkanika
c) Pichavaram
d) Amazon Delta
Answer:<\/strong> a) Sundarbans
Explanation:<\/strong> Spread over India and Bangladesh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

60. Which is NOT a fossil fuel?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Coal
b) Oil
c) Natural gas
d) Uranium
Answer:<\/strong> d) Uranium
Explanation:<\/strong> Uranium is used in nuclear power, not a fossil fuel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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61. The major cause of acid rain is:<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) CO\u2082
b) SO\u2082 and NOx
c) CH\u2084
d) O\u2083
Answer:<\/strong> b) SO\u2082 and NOx \u2013 These gases form acids in rainwater.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

62. Which is the main gas responsible for global warming?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) O\u2082
b) CO\u2082
c) N\u2082
d) Ar
Answer:<\/strong> b) CO\u2082 \u2013 Traps infrared radiation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

63. Smog is a mixture of:<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Smoke and fog
b) Dust and air
c) Water and dust
d) Fog and rain
Answer:<\/strong> a) Smoke and fog.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

64. Which disease is caused by water pollution?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Cholera
b) Asthma
c) Tuberculosis
d) Diabetes
Answer:<\/strong> a) Cholera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

65. Minamata disease is caused by:<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Lead
b) Mercury
c) Arsenic
d) Cadmium
Answer:<\/strong> b) Mercury \u2013 Affected Japan\u2019s Minamata Bay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

66. Which is a biodegradable pollutant?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Plastic
b) Pesticides
c) Paper
d) Lead
Answer:<\/strong> c) Paper \u2013 Can be decomposed naturally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

67. The ozone hole is largest over:<\/mark><\/strong>
a) North Pole
b) Antarctica
c) Equator
d) Europe
Answer:<\/strong> b) Antarctica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

68. Which protocol addresses ozone depletion?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Kyoto Protocol
b) Montreal Protocol
c) Paris Agreement
d) Rio Declaration
Answer:<\/strong> b) Montreal Protocol \u2013 1987 agreement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

69. Which protocol focuses on climate change?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Kyoto Protocol
b) Montreal Protocol
c) Basel Convention
d) Nagoya Protocol
Answer:<\/strong> a) Kyoto Protocol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

70. Which gas is measured in Air Quality Index (AQI)?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) CO
b) SO\u2082
c) PM2.5
d) All of these
Answer:<\/strong> d) All of these \u2013 AQI includes multiple pollutants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

71. Which of these is an in-situ conservation method?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Zoo
b) Botanical garden
c) National park
d) Gene bank
Answer:<\/strong> c) National park \u2013 Conserves species in their habitat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

72. Which is NOT an effect of noise pollution?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Hearing loss
b) Hypertension
c) Increased crop yield
d) Stress
Answer:<\/strong> c) Increased crop yield.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

73. Bhopal gas tragedy involved leakage of:<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Methyl isocyanate
b) Ammonia
c) Chlorine
d) Sulphur dioxide
Answer:<\/strong> a) Methyl isocyanate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

74. Which year was the Environment Protection Act passed in India?
<\/mark><\/strong>a) 1972
b) 1986
c) 1992
d) 2000
Answer:<\/strong> b) 1986.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

75. Ganga Action Plan was launched in:<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) 1980
b) 1985
c) 1990
d) 2000
Answer:<\/strong> b) 1985.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

76. The agency monitoring air quality in India is:<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) BARC
b) CPCB
c) DRDO
d) CSIR
Answer:<\/strong> b) CPCB \u2013 Central Pollution Control Board.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

77. Which renewable energy is generated from moving air?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Solar
b) Wind
c) Hydro
d) Geothermal
Answer:<\/strong> b) Wind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

78. Which renewable energy source uses heat from Earth\u2019s interior?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Solar
b) Wind
c) Geothermal
d) Biomass
Answer:<\/strong> c) Geothermal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

79. Which energy source comes from organic matter?<\/mark><\/strong>
a) Solar
b) Biomass
c) Hydro
d) Nuclear
Answer:<\/strong> b) Biomass.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

80. The first Earth Summit was held in:<\/mark><\/strong>
a) 1990, Tokyo
b) 1992, Rio de Janeiro
c) 1995, Paris
d) 2000, New York
Answer:<\/strong> b) 1992, Rio de Janeiro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

81. Which is the cleanest fossil fuel?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Coal
b) Oil
c) Natural gas
d) Peat
Answer:<\/strong> c) Natural gas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

82. Which city hosted the Paris Climate Agreement?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) London
b) Paris
c) Rome
d) Geneva
Answer:<\/strong> b) Paris \u2013 2015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

83. Which of these is NOT a greenhouse gas?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) CH\u2084
b) CO\u2082
c) N\u2082
d) N\u2082O
Answer:<\/strong> c) N\u2082.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

84. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established in:<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) 1970
b) 1988
c) 1992
d) 2000
Answer:<\/strong> b) 1988.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

85. Fly ash is produced by:<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Nuclear plants
b) Thermal power plants
c) Hydropower plants
d) Solar plants
Answer:<\/strong> b) Thermal power plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

86. Which is a non-point source of pollution?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Factory chimney
b) Vehicle exhaust
c) Agricultural runoff
d) Sewage outlet
Answer:<\/strong> c) Agricultural runoff.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

87. Which of these is the largest source of marine pollution?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Oil spills
b) Plastic waste
c) Sewage discharge
d) Chemical dumping
Answer:<\/strong> c) Sewage discharge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

88. Which term refers to species at risk of extinction?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Endangered
b) Vulnerable
c) Extinct
d) Exotic
Answer:<\/strong> a) Endangered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

89. Which instrument measures noise levels?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Hygrometer
b) Decibel meter
c) Barometer
d) Lux meter
Answer:<\/strong> b) Decibel meter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

90. Which plant helps control water pollution?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Water hyacinth
b) Cactus
c) Neem
d) Bamboo
Answer:<\/strong> a) Water hyacinth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

91. Which is NOT a conventional source of energy?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Coal
b) Oil
c) Solar
d) Natural gas
Answer:<\/strong> c) Solar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

92. Which year was Project Tiger launched in India?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) 1973
b) 1980
c) 1990
d) 2000
Answer:<\/strong> a) 1973.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

93. Which is the largest source of freshwater pollution in India?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Industrial waste
b) Agricultural runoff
c) Domestic sewage
d) Thermal waste
Answer:<\/strong> c) Domestic sewage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

94. Which term refers to planting trees to restore forests?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Deforestation
b) Afforestation
c) Desertification
d) Reclamation
Answer:<\/strong> b) Afforestation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

95. Which law deals with wildlife protection in India?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Forest Act
b) Wildlife Protection Act
c) Environment Protection Act
d) Biodiversity Act
Answer:<\/strong> b) Wildlife Protection Act \u2013 Enacted in 1972.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

96. Which animal is the national aquatic animal of India?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Crocodile
b) Dolphin
c) Tortoise
d) Shark
Answer:<\/strong> b) Dolphin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

97. Which is a renewable source of energy?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Coal
b) Solar
c) Petroleum
d) Natural gas
Answer:<\/strong> b) Solar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

98. Which pollutant is responsible for \u2018Itai-Itai\u2019 disease?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Mercury
b) Cadmium
c) Lead
d) Arsenic
Answer:<\/strong> b) Cadmium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

99. Which is the world\u2019s largest terrestrial biome?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Tundra
b) Taiga (Boreal forest)
c) Desert
d) Grassland
Answer:<\/strong> b) Taiga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

100.<\/strong> Which is NOT a function of forests?<\/strong>
<\/mark>a) Carbon sequestration
b) Soil erosion prevention
c) Oxygen production
d) Increasing desertification
Answer:<\/strong> d) Increasing desertification
Explanation:<\/strong> Forests prevent desertification.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. What does the term \u2018environment\u2019 include?a) Only living thingsb) Only non-living thingsc) Both living and non-living thingsd) Only atmosphereAnswer: c) Both living and non-living thingsExplanation: Environment consists of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components. 2. The scientific study of the relationship between organisms and their environment is called:a) Zoologyb) Ecologyc) Botanyd) GeologyAnswer: b) EcologyExplanation:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[16651,16634,16663,16642,16645,16646,16665,16669,16643,16683,16681,16641,16664,16644,16637,16639,16640,16653,16649,16682,16671,16659,16668,16652,16673,16654,16666,16635,16677,16638,16676,16650,16636,16672,16667,16675,4029,5623,16533,16657,16674,16648,16655,16661,16670,16662,16680,16660,16658,16678,16679,16647,16656],"class_list":{"0":"post-12090","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-science","7":"tag-air-pollution","8":"tag-basics-of-environment","9":"tag-biodiversity","10":"tag-biogeochemical-cycles","11":"tag-biotic-and-abiotic-factors","12":"tag-carbon-cycle","13":"tag-climate-change","14":"tag-competitive-exam-environmental-science","15":"tag-components-of-environment","16":"tag-earth-science-mcqs","17":"tag-ecology-and-environment-quiz","18":"tag-ecology-mcqs","19":"tag-ecosystem-balance","20":"tag-ecosystem-concepts","21":"tag-ecosystem-structure","22":"tag-energy-flow-in-ecosystem","23":"tag-environment-and-ecology","24":"tag-environment-quiz","25":"tag-environmental-awareness","26":"tag-environmental-awareness-programs","27":"tag-environmental-concepts","28":"tag-environmental-conservation","29":"tag-environmental-education","30":"tag-environmental-issues","31":"tag-environmental-management","32":"tag-environmental-pollution","33":"tag-environmental-protection","34":"tag-environmental-science-mcqs","35":"tag-environmental-science-questions-and-answers","36":"tag-environmental-studies","37":"tag-environmental-study-material","38":"tag-food-chain-and-food-web","39":"tag-fundamentals-of-environmental-science","40":"tag-general-science-mcqs","41":"tag-global-warming","42":"tag-important-environmental-topics","43":"tag-mcqs-adda","44":"tag-mcqs-for-sda-fda-pdo-vao-banking-kas-ias-ssc-gd-ssc-chsl-ssc-cgl-for-all-compitative-exams","45":"tag-mcqs-with-answers-and-explanations","46":"tag-natural-resources","47":"tag-nature-and-environment","48":"tag-nitrogen-cycle","49":"tag-noise-pollution","50":"tag-non-renewable-resources","51":"tag-ozone-depletion","52":"tag-renewable-resources","53":"tag-science-quiz-environment","54":"tag-soil-pollution","55":"tag-sustainable-development","56":"tag-ugc-net-environmental-science-mcqs","57":"tag-upsc-environmental-studies","58":"tag-water-cycle","59":"tag-water-pollution"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12090","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12090"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12090\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13980,"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12090\/revisions\/13980"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12090"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12090"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12090"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}