{"id":12885,"date":"2025-09-24T10:36:52","date_gmt":"2025-09-24T09:36:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/?p=12885"},"modified":"2026-01-13T09:16:18","modified_gmt":"2026-01-13T09:16:18","slug":"excretory-system-in-human-top-100-mcqs-with-answer-and-explanation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/2025\/09\/24\/excretory-system-in-human-top-100-mcqs-with-answer-and-explanation\/","title":{"rendered":"Excretory system in human Top 100 MCQs With Answer and Explanation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"><strong>1. The primary excretory organ in humans is <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><\/strong><\/mark><br>A) Liver<br>B) Kidney<br>C) Lungs<br>D) Skin<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Kidneys filter blood and remove nitrogenous wastes (mainly urea).\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">2. How many kidneys are present in humans?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) One<br>B) Two<br>C) Three<br>D) Four<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Humans normally have two kidneys located in the abdominal cavity.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">3. The structural and functional unit of the kidney is:<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Nephron<br>B) Glomerulus<br>C) Bowman\u2019s capsule<br>D) Loop of Henle<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Each kidney has about 1\u20131.5 million nephrons that filter blood.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">4. The functional unit of kidney was discovered by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) William Harvey<br>B) Malpighi<br>C) Bowman<br>D) Henle<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Marcello Malpighi discovered nephrons, the filtration units of kidney.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">5. What is the normal length of a human kidney?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) 2\u20133 cm<br>B) 5\u20136 cm<br>C) 10\u201312 cm<br>D) 15\u201320 cm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Each kidney is bean-shaped, about 10\u201312 cm long.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">6. Which part of the nephron filters blood?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Henle\u2019s loop<br>B) Bowman\u2019s capsule<br>C) Distal tubule<br>D) Collecting duct<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Bowman\u2019s capsule encloses the glomerulus, where filtration occurs.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">7. Which artery supplies blood to the kidneys?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Coronary artery<br>B) Pulmonary artery<br>C) Renal artery<br>D) Hepatic artery<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  The renal artery branches from the aorta and supplies blood to kidneys.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">8. Which vein carries blood away from the kidneys?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Pulmonary vein<br>B) Renal vein<br>C) Jugular vein<br>D) Hepatic vein<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  The renal vein carries purified blood back to the inferior vena cava.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">9. What is the outer layer of the kidney called?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Cortex<br>B) Medulla<br>C) Pelvis<br>D) Capsule<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  The kidney has an outer cortex and an inner medulla.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">10. Which structure connects the kidney to the urinary bladder?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Urethra<br>B) Ureter<br>C) Nephron<br>D) Glomerulus<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Each kidney has a ureter that carries urine to the bladder.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">11. The tube that carries urine out of the body is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Ureter<br>B) Urethra<br>C) Bowman\u2019s capsule<br>D) Nephron<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  The urethra opens to the outside for urine excretion.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">12. Which organ stores urine temporarily?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Kidney<br>B) Ureter<br>C) Urinary bladder<br>D) Urethra<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  The bladder is a muscular sac that stores urine.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">13. The process of urine release is called<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Egestion<br>B) Micturition<br>C) Filtration<br>D) Absorption<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Micturition is the act of passing urine out of the body.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">14. How much blood is filtered by both kidneys in 24 hours?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) 50 liters<br>B) 100 liters<br>C) 170 liters<br>D) 500 liters<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  About 170 liters of blood plasma is filtered daily, producing ~1.5 liters urine.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">15. The nitrogenous waste in humans is mainly<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Ammonia<br>B) Urea<br>C) Uric acid<br>D) Creatinine<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Humans are ureotelic; they excrete nitrogen mainly as urea.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">16. Urea is synthesized in which organ?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Kidney<br>B) Liver<br>C) Spleen<br>D) Pancreas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Urea is produced in the liver through the ornithine cycle.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">17. Which organ is called the \u201cchemical factory\u201d of the body?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Heart<br>B) Kidney<br>C) Liver<br>D) Brain<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  The liver synthesizes proteins, detoxifies, and forms urea.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">18. Which part of nephron reabsorbs water?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Bowman\u2019s capsule<br>B) Henle\u2019s loop<br>C) Distal tubule<br>D) Collecting duct<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Henle\u2019s loop is key in water reabsorption and urine concentration.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">19. Which hormone controls water balance in the body?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Insulin<br>B) ADH<br>C) Thyroxine<br>D) Cortisol<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) regulates water reabsorption in kidneys.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">20. Deficiency of ADH causes<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Diabetes mellitus<br>B) Diabetes insipidus<br>C) Jaundice<br>D) Hypertension<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Lack of ADH leads to excessive urine output (polyuria).\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">21. Which pigment gives yellow color to urine?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Hemoglobin<br>B) Bilirubin<br>C) Urochrome<br>D) Melanin<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Urochrome (from hemoglobin breakdown) gives yellow urine color.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">22. Which organ removes CO\u2082 from the body?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Kidneys<br>B) Liver<br>C) Lungs<br>D) Skin<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Lungs excrete CO\u2082 and water vapor during respiration.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">23. Which organ removes excess salts and water via sweat?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Liver<br>B) Lungs<br>C) Skin<br>D) Intestine<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Sweat glands excrete water, salts, and small amounts of urea.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">24. Which vitamin deficiency leads to kidney stone formation?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Vitamin A<br>B) Vitamin B12<br>C) Vitamin C<br>D) Vitamin D<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Vitamin A deficiency causes epithelial damage, predisposing to kidney stones.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"><strong>25. What is the normal pH of human urine?<br><\/strong><\/mark>A) 4.0\u20135.0<br>B) 5.5\u20137.0<br>C) 7.5\u20138.0<br>D) 9.0\u201310.0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Urine is slightly acidic, pH varies with diet.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">26. Each nephron begins with<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Loop of Henle<br>B) Collecting duct<br>C) Bowman\u2019s capsule<br>D) Distal tubule<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Bowman\u2019s capsule surrounds the glomerulus and performs ultrafiltration.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">27. The tuft of capillaries inside Bowman\u2019s capsule is called<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Loop of Henle<br>B) Glomerulus<br>C) Vasa recta<br>D) Collecting duct<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Glomerulus is a network of capillaries where blood filtration starts.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">28. The process of filtration in Bowman\u2019s capsule is called<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Tubular secretion<br>B) Ultrafiltration<br>C) Active transport<br>D) Exocytosis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Blood pressure forces small molecules (urea, glucose, salts, water) into Bowman\u2019s capsule.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">29. Which substances are normally reabsorbed in the proximal tubule?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Urea and uric acid<br>B) Glucose, amino acids, salts, water<br>C) Only urea<br>D) Only water<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  The proximal tubule reabsorbs most nutrients and water into the blood.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">30. Which part of nephron is mainly responsible for urine concentration?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Proximal tubule<br>B) Loop of Henle<br>C) Distal tubule<br>D) Bowman\u2019s capsule<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Loop of Henle creates a concentration gradient to reabsorb water and salts.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">31. Which blood vessels surround the nephron tubules for exchange?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Coronary vessels<br>B) Pulmonary vessels<br>C) Peritubular capillaries<br>D) Jugular vein<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  These capillaries reabsorb useful substances from nephron tubules.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">32. Which structure connects several nephrons before urine reaches the ureter?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Loop of Henle<br>B) Collecting duct<br>C) Proximal tubule<br>D) Distal tubule<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  The collecting duct receives urine from multiple nephrons and delivers it to renal pelvis.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">33. Which process helps in selective reabsorption?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Diffusion and osmosis<br>B) Active transport<br>C) Passive transport<br>D) All of the above<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: D  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Selective reabsorption involves diffusion, osmosis, and active transport mechanisms.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">34. Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the collecting duct?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Insulin<br>B) ADH (Vasopressin)<br>C) Aldosterone<br>D) Cortisol<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  ADH makes collecting duct walls permeable to water, concentrating urine.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">35. Aldosterone hormone primarily increases reabsorption of<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Calcium<br>B) Sodium<br>C) Potassium<br>D) Urea<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Aldosterone (from adrenal cortex) increases sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">36. Which part of the nephron is affected in diabetes insipidus?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Loop of Henle<br>B) Collecting duct<br>C) Bowman\u2019s capsule<br>D) Proximal tubule<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Without ADH, the collecting duct cannot reabsorb water \u2192 dilute, excessive urine.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">37. Which part of nephron is highly coiled and lies close to Bowman\u2019s capsule?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Loop of Henle<br>B) Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)<br>C) Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)<br>D) Collecting duct<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  PCT reabsorbs ~70% of filtered water, salts, and nutrients.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">38. The U-shaped part of nephron is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><\/mark><\/strong><br>A) Collecting duct<br>B) Distal tubule<br>C) Loop of Henle<br>D) Glomerulus<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Loop of Henle is U-shaped and plays a key role in urine concentration.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">39. In which part of nephron does secretion of hydrogen ions and potassium ions occur?<\/mark><\/strong><br>A) PCT<br>B) Loop of Henle<br>C) DCT<br>D) Bowman\u2019s capsule<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  The distal convoluted tubule secretes H\u207a and K\u207a to maintain pH and ionic balance.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">40. Which structure collects urine from the collecting ducts?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Renal pelvis<br>B) Ureter<br>C) Renal vein<br>D) Medulla<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Urine from collecting ducts drains into renal pelvis before ureter.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">41. Which substance should NOT normally be present in urine?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Urea<br>B) Glucose<br>C) Salts<br>D) Water<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Presence of glucose in urine (glycosuria) indicates diabetes mellitus.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">42. Presence of excess protein in urine is called<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Glycosuria<br>B) Albuminuria<br>C) Hematuria<br>D) Pyuria<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Albuminuria indicates kidney damage (nephritis).\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">43. Blood in urine is known as<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Glycosuria<br>B) Pyuria<br>C) Hematuria<br>D) Albuminuria<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Hematuria occurs due to infections, stones, or trauma to urinary tract.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">44. Pus cells in urine indicate<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Diabetes mellitus<br>B) Kidney stone<br>C) Urinary tract infection<br>D) Jaundice<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Pyuria (pus in urine) is caused by UTI.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">45. Which waste is excreted in the smallest amount in urine?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Urea<br>B) Uric acid<br>C) Creatinine<br>D) Ammonia<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: D  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Ammonia is converted to urea in liver, so its excretion is minimal.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">46. The counter-current mechanism in nephron is associated with<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Bowman\u2019s capsule<br>B) Loop of Henle<br>C) Distal tubule<br>D) Renal pelvis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Counter-current exchange in Henle\u2019s loop helps concentrate urine.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">47. Creatinine in urine is a result of metabolism of<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Proteins<br>B) Carbohydrates<br>C) Creatine in muscles<br>D) Fats<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Creatinine is a byproduct of creatine metabolism in muscles, excreted in urine.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">48. Normal daily urine output in adults is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) 200\u2013300 ml<br>B) 500\u2013800 ml<br>C) 1\u20131.5 liters<br>D) 3\u20134 liters<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Average urine excretion is ~1\u20131.5 liters per day.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">49. Which test is used to measure urea content in blood?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) ECG<br>B) BUN test<br>C) MRI<br>D) X-ray<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) test measures kidney function.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">50. In prolonged fasting, the major excretory product is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Urea<br>B) Ketone bodies<br>C) Uric acid<br>D) Ammonia<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  In fasting, fats are broken down producing ketone bodies, excreted in urine.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">51. The presence of glucose in urine is called<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Hematuria<br>B) Glycosuria<br>C) Albuminuria<br>D) Pyuria<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Glycosuria occurs in diabetes mellitus due to high blood sugar.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">52. Kidney stones are chemically often made of<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Sodium bicarbonate<br>B) Calcium oxalate<br>C) Potassium nitrate<br>D) Sodium chloride<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Kidney stones usually consist of calcium oxalate or uric acid crystals.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">53. Which disease is caused by failure of kidneys to excrete waste?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Jaundice<br>B) Uremia<br>C) Diabetes insipidus<br>D) Tuberculosis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  In uremia, urea accumulates in blood due to kidney failure.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">54. Which condition refers to inflammation of kidneys?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Nephritis<br>B) Nephrosis<br>C) Cystitis<br>D) Pyelitis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Nephritis is kidney inflammation that impairs filtration.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">55. The disease \u201cBright\u2019s disease\u201d is associated with<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Stomach<br>B) Kidney<br>C) Liver<br>D) Heart<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Bright\u2019s disease is a form of nephritis affecting kidney function.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">56. Which hormone deficiency causes diabetes insipidus?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Insulin<br>B) ADH<br>C) Aldosterone<br>D) Cortisol<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) leads to excess dilute urine.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">57. In diabetes insipidus, the urine is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Sweet smelling<br>B) High in glucose<br>C) Dilute and tasteless<br>D) Acidic<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  \u201cInsipidus\u201d means tasteless, because urine lacks sugar but is very dilute.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">58. Which of the following is NOT an excretory disease?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Uremia<br>B) Nephritis<br>C) Hypertension<br>D) Kidney stones<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Hypertension is a cardiovascular disorder, not primarily excretory.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">59. Dialysis is used in patients with<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Diabetes mellitus<br>B) Hypertension<br>C) Kidney failure<br>D) Asthma<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Dialysis removes waste from blood when kidneys fail.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">60. The principle of dialysis is based on<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Active transport<br>B) Diffusion across semi-permeable membrane<br>C) Endocytosis<br>D) Exocytosis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Dialysis uses diffusion to remove urea and toxins from blood.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">61. Which waste product is mainly removed during dialysis?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Glucose<br>B) Urea<br>C) Hemoglobin<br>D) Proteins<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Dialysis eliminates urea and other nitrogenous wastes.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">62. Hemodialysis is performed by diverting blood through a<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Kidney transplant<br>B) Dialysis machine<br>C) Heart-lung machine<br>D) Lymphatic filter<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  In hemodialysis, patient\u2019s blood passes through a dialysis machine for cleaning.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">63. Which type of dialysis is done using the abdominal membrane?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Hemodialysis<br>B) Peritoneal dialysis<br>C) Artificial kidney dialysis<br>D) Plasma dialysis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  In peritoneal dialysis, the peritoneum acts as a natural filter.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">64. A kidney transplant is usually placed in the<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Thoracic cavity<br>B) Lower abdomen<br>C) Upper back<br>D) Chest wall<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Transplanted kidneys are placed in the lower abdominal cavity.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">65. The first successful human kidney transplant was performed in <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) 1954<br>B) 1965<br>C) 1978<br>D) 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Joseph Murray performed the first successful kidney transplant in 1954.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">66. Which blood group is considered a universal donor in transplants?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) A<br>B) B<br>C) AB<br>D) O<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: D  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  O group lacks A and B antigens, so it is universally compatible.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">67. Which antigen causes kidney transplant rejection?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) ABO antigens<br>B) MHC (HLA) antigens<br>C) Rh antigen<br>D) Albumin antigen<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Human leukocyte antigens (MHC) trigger transplant rejection.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">68. Immunosuppressive drugs in transplants are used to<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Increase kidney function<br>B) Reduce urine output<br>C) Prevent organ rejection<br>D) Increase antibody production<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Drugs like cyclosporine suppress immunity to avoid graft rejection.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">69. Which condition causes painful urination?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Pyelonephritis<br>B) Cystitis<br>C) Urethritis<br>D) All of the above<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: D  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Infections of urinary tract (bladder, kidney, urethra) cause painful urination.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">70. \u201cRenal calculi\u201d refers to<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Kidney swelling<br>B) Kidney stones<br>C) Kidney infection<br>D) Kidney failure<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Renal calculi are mineral stones formed inside kidneys.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">71. Which test is commonly used to detect kidney function?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Lipid profile<br>B) ECG<br>C) Serum creatinine test<br>D) Hemoglobin test<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Creatinine levels in blood indicate kidney efficiency.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">72. Which condition may require immediate dialysis?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Low blood sugar<br>B) High blood pressure<br>C) High blood urea level<br>D) Low oxygen level<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Excessive urea accumulation in blood (uremia) requires dialysis.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">73. The common symptom of kidney failure is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) High fever<br>B) Loss of vision<br>C) Edema (swelling)<br>D) Hair fall<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Fluid retention due to kidney failure causes swelling in feet and face.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">74. The presence of excessive uric acid crystals in joints is called<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Arthritis<br>B) Gout<br>C) Nephritis<br>D) Anemia<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Gout occurs due to deposition of uric acid crystals in joints.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">75. Which lifestyle habit is most harmful for kidney health?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Drinking water<br>B) Eating fruits<br>C) Smoking and alcohol<br>D) Light exercise<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Smoking and alcohol damage kidneys and worsen kidney diseases.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">76. Which organ is sometimes called the \u201csecond kidney\u201d because it also excretes waste?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Liver<br>B) Lungs<br>C) Skin<br>D) Spleen<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  The liver detoxifies, produces urea, and removes toxins, hence called the second kidney.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">77. Which of the following is NOT an excretory organ in humans?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Kidneys<br>B) Lungs<br>C) Skin<br>D) Pancreas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: D  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Pancreas is digestive, not excretory. Kidneys, lungs, skin, and liver are excretory.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">78. Which compound is the major nitrogenous waste in humans?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Ammonia<br>B) Uric acid<br>C) Urea<br>D) Creatinine<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Humans are ureotelic; urea is the main nitrogenous excretory product.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"><strong>79. Ornithine cycle (urea cycle) occurs in the<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/strong><\/mark>A) Kidney<br>B) Liver<br>C) Spleen<br>D) Heart<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Urea is synthesized in the liver by the ornithine cycle.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">80. Which organ excretes bilirubin and bile pigments?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Kidney<br>B) Liver<br>C) Pancreas<br>D) Lungs<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  The liver excretes bilirubin and bile salts into bile for elimination.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">81. Which blood test indicates high urea levels?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) CBC test<br>B) BUN test<br>C) Lipid profile<br>D) ESR test<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) measures urea concentration in blood.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">82. Which condition is caused by reduced kidney filtration rate (GFR)?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Hypertension<br>B) Renal failure<br>C) Diabetes insipidus<br>D) Acidosis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Decline in GFR results in waste accumulation and renal failure.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"><strong>83. Normal Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in adults is about<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/strong><\/mark>A) 25 ml\/min<br>B) 50 ml\/min<br>C) 125 ml\/min<br>D) 200 ml\/min<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  GFR is ~125 ml\/min (180 liters\/day), showing kidney efficiency.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">84. Which ion\u2019s balance is mainly regulated by aldosterone?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Sodium (Na\u207a)<br>B) Calcium (Ca\u00b2\u207a)<br>C) Chloride (Cl\u207b)<br>D) Magnesium (Mg\u00b2\u207a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">85. Which hormone increases calcium reabsorption by kidneys?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Calcitonin<br>B) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)<br>C) Insulin<br>D) Glucagon<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  PTH promotes calcium reabsorption and reduces its loss in urine.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">86. Which enzyme regulates blood pressure by kidney action?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Pepsin<br>B) Renin<br>C) Trypsin<br>D) Amylase<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Renin triggers renin-angiotensin mechanism to increase blood pressure.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">87. Juxtaglomerular cells in kidney secrete<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) ADH<br>B) Renin<br>C) Aldosterone<br>D) Erythropoietin<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  JG cells secrete renin to regulate blood pressure and GFR.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">88. Erythropoietin hormone produced by kidneys stimulates<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) WBC production<br>B) RBC production<br>C) Platelet formation<br>D) Hemoglobin breakdown<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Erythropoietin stimulates bone marrow to produce more RBCs.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"><strong>89. The presence of ketone bodies in urine indicates<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/strong><\/mark>A) Diabetes mellitus<br>B) Kidney stones<br>C) UTI<br>D) Hypertension<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  In diabetes, fat metabolism produces ketone bodies, appearing in urine (ketonuria).\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">90. Which disease is characterized by pus cells in urine?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Pyuria<br>B) Hematuria<br>C) Glycosuria<br>D) Albuminuria<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Pyuria occurs due to urinary tract infections.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">91. Which vitamin prevents formation of kidney stones?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Vitamin A<br>B) Vitamin B1<br>C) Vitamin C<br>D) Vitamin K<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Vitamin A maintains epithelial health and prevents stone formation.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">92. Which condition results from excessive uric acid in blood?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Anemia<br>B) Jaundice<br>C) Gout<br>D) Acidosis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Gout causes deposition of uric acid crystals in joints.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">93. Which part of nephron creates hyperosmotic medullary gradient?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Bowman\u2019s capsule<br>B) Loop of Henle<br>C) Distal tubule<br>D) Collecting duct<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Counter-current mechanism in Loop of Henle maintains concentration gradient.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">94. In prolonged fasting, the major nitrogenous waste is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><\/mark><\/strong><br>A) Urea<br>B) Uric acid<br>C) Ketone bodies<br>D) Creatinine<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Fasting increases fat metabolism, producing ketone bodies.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">95. The kidneys are located at which vertebral level?<\/mark><\/strong><br>A) Thoracic T1\u2013T5<br>B) Lumbar L1\u2013L3<br>C) Sacral S1\u2013S5<br>D) Cervical C1\u2013C5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Kidneys lie in the upper lumbar region on either side of the vertebral column.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">96. The left kidney is positioned slightly<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><\/mark><\/strong><br>A) Lower than right kidney<br>B) Higher than right kidney<br>C) Same level as right kidney<br>D) In front of right kidney<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Right kidney is lower due to the presence of the liver above it.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">97. Which part of nephron regulates pH of blood?<\/mark><\/strong><br>A) Bowman\u2019s capsule<br>B) Proximal tubule<br>C) Distal tubule<br>D) Loop of Henle<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  DCT secretes H\u207a ions and reabsorbs bicarbonates, maintaining pH balance. \n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">98. The kidney\u2019s outer protective covering is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">____________.<\/mark><\/strong><\/mark><\/strong><br>A) Capsule<br>B) Cortex<br>C) Medulla<br>D) Pelvis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>   A fibrous capsule surrounds and protects each kidney.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"><strong>99. Which waste is excreted in maximum amount in urine?<\/strong><\/mark><br>A) Urea<br>B) Uric acid<br>C) Creatinine<br>D) Ammonia<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Urea (~2% of urine) is the principal nitrogenous waste excreted.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">100. The process of removing kidney stones surgically is called ____________.<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Lithotripsy<br>B) Nephrectomy<br>C) Dialysis<br>D) Transplant<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Lithotripsy uses shock waves to break kidney stones for removal.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. The primary excretory organ in humans is ____________.A) LiverB) KidneyC) LungsD) Skin Show Answer Answer: B Explanation: Kidneys filter blood and remove nitrogenous wastes (mainly urea). 2. How many kidneys are present in humans?A) OneB) TwoC) ThreeD) Four Show Answer Answer: B Explanation: Humans normally have two kidneys located in the abdominal cavity. 3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[16151,16133,16155,16154,16147,16158,16139,16135,16318,16306,16303,16311,10991,16310,16301,16305,16292,16309,4029,16156,5649,5623,16302,16316,16134,16314,16307,16132,16317,16140,16313,16315,16304,16312,16308],"class_list":{"0":"post-12885","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-biology","7":"tag-biology-learning","8":"tag-biology-mcqs","9":"tag-biology-preparation-material","10":"tag-biology-questions-and-answers","11":"tag-biology-quiz","12":"tag-biology-revision","13":"tag-biology-study-material","14":"tag-competitive-exam-biology","15":"tag-electrolyte-balance","16":"tag-excretion","17":"tag-excretory-disorders","18":"tag-excretory-problems","19":"tag-excretory-system-in-human-top-100-mcqs-with-answer-and-explanation","20":"tag-filtration","21":"tag-homeostasis","22":"tag-human-excretory-system","23":"tag-human-health","24":"tag-kidneys","25":"tag-mcqs-adda","26":"tag-mcqs-for-biology-exam","27":"tag-mcqs-for-pc-psi-sda-fda-pdo-vao-banking-kas-ias-ssc-gd-ssc-chsl-ssc-cgl-for-all-compitative-exams","28":"tag-mcqs-for-sda-fda-pdo-vao-banking-kas-ias-ssc-gd-ssc-chsl-ssc-cgl-for-all-compitative-exams","29":"tag-nephrons","30":"tag-nitrogenous-waste","31":"tag-psc-biology-mcqs","32":"tag-reabsorption","33":"tag-secretion","34":"tag-ssc-biology-mcqs","35":"tag-structure-and-function-of-kidney","36":"tag-upsc-biology-mcqs","37":"tag-ureters","38":"tag-urethra","39":"tag-urinary-bladder","40":"tag-urine-formation","41":"tag-water-balance"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12885","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12885"}],"version-history":[{"count":104,"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12885\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36473,"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12885\/revisions\/36473"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12885"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12885"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12885"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}