{"id":12949,"date":"2025-09-25T08:14:16","date_gmt":"2025-09-25T07:14:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/?p=12949"},"modified":"2026-01-14T09:15:12","modified_gmt":"2026-01-14T09:15:12","slug":"photosynthesis-top-100-mcqs-with-answer-and-explanation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/2025\/09\/25\/photosynthesis-top-100-mcqs-with-answer-and-explanation\/","title":{"rendered":"Photosynthesis Top 100 MCQs With Answer and Explanation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">1. Photosynthesis mainly occurs in _____________.<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Roots<br>B) Stems<br>C) Leaves<br>D) Flowers<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Leaves are the primary sites of photosynthesis due to chloroplast abundance.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">2. Photosynthesis takes place in which cell organelle?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Mitochondria<br>B) Chloroplast<br>C) Golgi body<br>D) Ribosome<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Chloroplast contains chlorophyll that captures light energy.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">3. Which pigment is essential for photosynthesis?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Carotene<br>B) Xanthophyll<br>C) Chlorophyll<br>D) Anthocyanin<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Chlorophyll a is the primary pigment required for photosynthesis.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">4. The general equation for photosynthesis is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) CO\u2082 + H\u2082O + Light \u2192 Glucose + O\u2082<br>B) O\u2082 + H\u2082O \u2192 Glucose + CO\u2082<br>C) Glucose + O\u2082 \u2192 Energy + CO\u2082<br>D) CO\u2082 + Glucose \u2192 O\u2082 + H\u2082O<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">5. Photosynthesis is an example of<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Catabolism<br>B) Anabolism<br>C) Respiration<br>D) Fermentation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  It is an anabolic process as simple molecules are built into glucose.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">6. Who discovered that plants release oxygen during photosynthesis?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Robert Hooke<br>B) Joseph Priestley<br>C) Ingenhousz<br>D) Blackman<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Priestley (1771) showed that plants release O\u2082 that supports burning\/candle flame.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">7. Who demonstrated that sunlight is essential for photosynthesis?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Priestley<br>B) Ingenhousz<br>C) Von Sachs<br>D) Blackman<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Ingenhousz proved that sunlight and green leaves are essential.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">8. The law of limiting factors in photosynthesis was given by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Calvin<br>B) Blackman<br>C) Hill<br>D) Ruben<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Blackman\u2019s law states that photosynthesis depends on the slowest factor.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">9. Chlorophyll absorbs mainly<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Red and blue light<br>B) Green light<br>C) Yellow light<br>D) White light<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Chlorophyll absorbs red &#038; blue light, reflects green light.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">10. Which pigment gives green color to leaves?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Xanthophyll<br>B) Chlorophyll<br>C) Carotene<br>D) Anthocyanin<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Chlorophyll reflects green wavelength.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">11. Chlorophyll is located in<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Matrix of mitochondria<br>B) Thylakoid membrane of chloroplast<br>C) Cytoplasm<br>D) Cell wall<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Pigments are embedded in thylakoid membranes.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">12. Which pigment is called the \u201cprimary photosynthetic pigment\u201d?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Chlorophyll a<br>B) Chlorophyll b<br>C) Xanthophyll<br>D) Carotene<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Chlorophyll a is essential for photosynthesis.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">13. Which pigments are accessory pigments in photosynthesis?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Chlorophyll a<br>B) Chlorophyll b, carotenoids, xanthophylls<br>C) Anthocyanins<br>D) Hemoglobin<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Accessory pigments absorb additional wavelengths and transfer energy to chlorophyll a.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">14. Hill reaction demonstrates<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Release of O\u2082 from water<br>B) Fixation of CO\u2082<br>C) ATP synthesis<br>D) Glucose formation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Hill showed O\u2082 comes from splitting of water.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">15. The splitting of water during photosynthesis is called<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Hydrolysis<br>B) Photolysis<br>C) Fermentation<br>D) Respiration<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Light energy splits water into O\u2082, electrons, and protons.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">16. Who discovered photophosphorylation?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Hill<br>B) Arnon<br>C) Calvin<br>D) Blackman<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Daniel Arnon discovered ATP formation via light-driven phosphorylation.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">17. The oxygen released in photosynthesis comes from<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Carbon dioxide<br>B) Water<br>C) Glucose<br>D) Chlorophyll<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Splitting of water (photolysis) releases O\u2082.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">18. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) has wavelength range<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) 100\u2013400 nm<br>B) 400\u2013700 nm<br>C) 700\u20131000 nm<br>D) 1000\u20131500 nm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Visible light spectrum supports photosynthesis.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">19. Chloroplasts are generally abundant in<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Root cortex<br>B) Leaf mesophyll cells<br>C) Stem epidermis<br>D) Xylem<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Palisade mesophyll cells contain numerous chloroplasts.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">20. The site of light reaction is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Stroma<br>B) Thylakoid membrane<br>C) Cytoplasm<br>D) Outer membrane of chloroplast<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Light-dependent reactions occur on thylakoid membranes.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">21. The site of dark reaction is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Thylakoid<br>B) Stroma of chloroplast<br>C) Mitochondria<br>D) Cytoplasm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Calvin cycle takes place in stroma.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">22. Which is the first stable product of Calvin cycle?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Glucose<br>B) PGA (3-phosphoglyceric acid)<br>C) RuBP<br>D) NADPH<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  CO\u2082 fixation produces 3-PGA as first stable compound.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">23. The first CO\u2082 acceptor in Calvin cycle is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) PEP<br>B) RuBP<br>C) PGA<br>D) Malate<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate combines with CO\u2082.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">24. Which enzyme fixes CO\u2082 in Calvin cycle?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) PEP carboxylase<br>B) RuBisCO<br>C) ATP synthase<br>D) NADP reductase<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  RuBisCO catalyzes CO\u2082 fixation with RuBP.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">25. The strongest biological oxidizing agent in photosynthesis is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) NADP\u207a<br>B) Water<br>C) Mn\u00b2\u207a<br>D) P680\u207a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: D  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  P680\u207a in photosystem II extracts electrons from water.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">26. Light reaction of photosynthesis occurs in<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Stroma<br>B) Thylakoid membrane<br>C) Cytoplasm<br>D) Matrix of mitochondria<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Light reactions take place on thylakoid membranes where pigments are located.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">27. The light reaction produces<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Glucose and CO\u2082<br>B) ATP, NADPH, O\u2082<br>C) RuBP and glucose<br>D) Pyruvate and NADH<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Light-dependent reactions generate ATP, NADPH, and release O\u2082 from water.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">28. The two photosystems involved in light reactions are<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) PSI and PSII<br>B) PSII and PEP<br>C) RuBP and PGA<br>D) ATP and NADPH<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Photosystem I (P700) and Photosystem II (P680) work together.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">29. The reaction center of Photosystem II has<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) P700<br>B) P680<br>C) P600<br>D) P500<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  PSII has a special chlorophyll a molecule absorbing light at 680 nm.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">30. The reaction center of Photosystem I has<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) P680<br>B) P700<br>C) P600<br>D) P720<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  PSI has a special chlorophyll a molecule absorbing at 700 nm.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">31. Photolysis of water takes place in<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Photosystem I<br>B) Photosystem II<br>C) Stroma<br>D) Cytoplasm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Splitting of water into O\u2082, protons, and electrons occurs at PSII.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">32. The oxygen released in photosynthesis comes from<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><\/mark><\/strong><br>A) Carbon dioxide<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"><br><\/mark><\/strong>B) Water<br>C) Chlorophyll<br>D) Glucose<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Splitting of water (photolysis) produces oxygen.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">33. The process of ATP synthesis during photosynthesis is called<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Oxidative phosphorylation<br>B) Photophosphorylation<br>C) Substrate-level phosphorylation<br>D) Chemiosmosis only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>   ATP is formed from ADP and Pi using light energy.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">34. Non-cyclic photophosphorylation involves<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Only PSI<br>B) Only PSII<br>C) Both PSI and PSII<br>D) No photosystem<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Electrons move from PSII \u2192 PSI \u2192 NADPH in non-cyclic flow.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">35. Cyclic photophosphorylation involves<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Only PSI<br>B) Only PSII<br>C) Both PSI and PSII<br>D) RuBisCO<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Electrons cycle back to PSI, producing ATP only.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">36. Which of the following is not produced in cyclic photophosphorylation?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) ATP<br>B) NADPH<br>C) Proton gradient<br>D) Electron flow<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Cyclic flow generates ATP but no NADPH or O\u2082.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">37. The electron acceptor in Photosystem II is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Plastoquinone<br>B) NADP\u207a<br>C) Ferredoxin<br>D) Plastocyanin<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Electrons from PSII are transferred to plastoquinone.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">38. The electron acceptor in Photosystem I is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Plastoquinone<br>B) Ferredoxin<br>C) NADPH<br>D) ATP<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  PSI passes electrons to ferredoxin before NADP\u207a reduction.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">39. NADPH is finally formed by the action of<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) ATP synthase<br>B) NADP reductase<br>C) Ferredoxin<br>D) Plastoquinone<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  NADP reductase reduces NADP\u207a to NADPH using electrons.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">40. Proton gradient in photosynthesis is generated in<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Cytoplasm<br>B) Thylakoid lumen<br>C) Stroma<br>D) Nucleus<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Protons accumulate inside thylakoid lumen, driving ATP synthesis.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">41. The enzyme that synthesizes ATP in photosynthesis is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) ATP synthase<br>B) RuBisCO<br>C) NADP reductase<br>D) Kinase<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  ATP synthase uses proton gradient to form ATP.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">42. The process of ATP synthesis by proton gradient across thylakoid membrane is called<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Oxidation<br>B) Photolysis<br>C) Chemiosmosis<br>D) Fermentation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Chemiosmosis is the mechanism behind photophosphorylation.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">43. The immediate source of energy for ATP synthesis in chloroplast is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Sunlight directly<br>B) Proton gradient<br>C) Water splitting<br>D) CO\u2082 fixation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Proton motive force drives ATP synthase.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">44. In non-cyclic photophosphorylation, the flow of electrons is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) PSI \u2192 PSII<br>B) PSII \u2192 PSI \u2192 NADP\u207a<br>C) PSI \u2192 Ferredoxin \u2192 PSII<br>D) PSII \u2192 Ferredoxin only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Electrons move linearly to form NADPH.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">45. The main function of cyclic photophosphorylation is to<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Produce NADPH<br>B) Produce ATP<br>C) Produce O\u2082<br>D) Fix CO\u2082<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Cyclic electron flow generates only ATP.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">46. In non-cyclic photophosphorylation, electrons lost by PSII are replaced by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Electrons from PSI<br>B) Water (photolysis)<br>C) NADPH<br>D) RuBP<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Water splitting replenishes electrons in PSII.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">47. In cyclic photophosphorylation, the final electron acceptor is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) NADP\u207a<br>B) Ferredoxin<br>C) P700 (PSI reaction center)<br>D) O\u2082<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Electrons return to PSI reaction center.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">48. ATP and NADPH formed in light reaction are used in<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Photorespiration<br>B) Calvin cycle (dark reaction)<br>C) Glycolysis<br>D) Krebs cycle<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  ATP and NADPH drive CO\u2082 fixation in Calvin cycle.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">49. The \u201cZ-scheme\u201d of photosynthesis refers to<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Calvin cycle<br>B) Electron transport chain in light reaction<br>C) Photorespiration pathway<br>D) Cyclic phosphorylation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Z-scheme describes electron flow from PSII \u2192 PSI \u2192 NADPH.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">50. In photophosphorylation, the final hydrogen acceptor is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Water<br>B) Oxygen<br>C) NADP\u207a<br>D) ATP<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  NADP\u207a accepts electrons and H\u207a to form NADPH.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">51. Dark reaction of photosynthesis takes place in<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Thylakoid lumen<br>B) Cytoplasm<br>C) Stroma of chloroplast<br>D) Outer membrane<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Enzymes for CO\u2082 fixation (Calvin cycle) are present in stroma.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"><strong>52. The dark reaction is also known as<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/strong><\/mark>A) Light reaction<br>B) Carbon fixation reaction<br>C) Photolysis<br>D) Electron transport<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  It fixes CO\u2082 into carbohydrates using ATP and NADPH.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">53. The enzyme responsible for CO\u2082 fixation in Calvin cycle is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) PEP carboxylase<br>B) RuBisCO<br>C) ATP synthase<br>D) NADP reductase<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase\/oxygenase (RuBisCO) fixes CO\u2082 with RuBP.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">54. The first CO\u2082 acceptor in Calvin cycle is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) RuBP<br>B) PGA<br>C) PEP<br>D) Malate<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate combines with CO\u2082 to form 3-PGA.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">55. The first stable product of Calvin cycle is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) RuBP<br>B) 3-PGA (phosphoglyceric acid)<br>C) Glucose<br>D) Malate<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  CO\u2082 fixation forms 3-PGA as the first stable compound.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">56. How many molecules of CO\u2082 are required to synthesize one molecule of glucose in Calvin cycle?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) 2<br>B) 4<br>C) 6<br>D) 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Fixation of 6 CO\u2082 produces one glucose molecule.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">57. The Calvin cycle is also called<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) C\u2084 pathway<br>B) C\u2083 pathway<br>C) CAM pathway<br>D) Z-scheme<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  First stable product is a 3-carbon compound (3-PGA).\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">58. Who discovered the Calvin cycle?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Blackman<br>B) Calvin, Benson, and Bassham<br>C) Arnon<br>D) Hill<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Melvin Calvin and team traced CO\u2082 fixation pathway using radioactive carbon.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">59. The number of ATP and NADPH required for one glucose in Calvin cycle is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) 6 ATP + 6 NADPH<br>B) 12 ATP + 12 NADPH<br>C) 18 ATP + 12 NADPH<br>D) 30 ATP + 20 NADPH<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Energy and reducing power are required to fix 6 CO\u2082 into one glucose.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">60. The main limitation of RuBisCO enzyme is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Works only in dark<br>B) Acts as both carboxylase and oxygenase<br>C) Requires high temperature<br>D) Requires light directly<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  RuBisCO fixes O\u2082 also, leading to photorespiration.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">61. In photorespiration, the wasteful product is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Oxygen<br>B) Ammonia<br>C) CO\u2082<br>D) Glucose<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Photorespiration results in loss of CO\u2082 and energy.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">62. C\u2084 plants minimize photorespiration by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Having Kranz anatomy and PEP carboxylase<br>B) Using only RuBisCO<br>C) Performing photosynthesis at night only<br>D) Absorbing less CO\u2082<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  C\u2084 plants concentrate CO\u2082 around RuBisCO to avoid oxygenase activity.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">63. The first stable product in C\u2084 pathway is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) 3-PGA<br>B) Malate (or oxaloacetate)<br>C) Glucose<br>D) RuBP<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  CO\u2082 combines with PEP to form oxaloacetate (4C compound).\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">64. The primary CO\u2082 acceptor in C\u2084 plants is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) RuBP<br>B) PEP (phosphoenol pyruvate)<br>C) PGA<br>D) Malate<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  PEP carboxylase fixes CO\u2082 to form oxaloacetate.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">65. Kranz anatomy is characteristic of<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) C\u2083 plants<br>B) C\u2084 plants<br>C) CAM plants<br>D) Algae<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  C\u2084 plants have bundle sheath cells arranged around vascular bundles.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">66. In C\u2084 plants, the Calvin cycle occurs in<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Mesophyll cells<br>B) Bundle sheath cells<br>C) Guard cells<br>D) Epidermal cells<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  CO\u2082 is concentrated in bundle sheath cells where Calvin cycle takes place.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">67. The advantage of C\u2084 plants over C\u2083 plants is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Lower water requirement and reduced photorespiration<br>B) Faster growth only in shade<br>C) Less ATP requirement<br>D) Absence of RuBisCO<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  C\u2084 plants are more efficient under high light, temperature, and dry conditions.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">68. The first stable product of CAM pathway is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) 3-PGA<br>B) Malate<br>C) RuBP<br>D) Fructose<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  CAM plants store CO\u2082 at night as malic acid (malate).\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">69. In CAM plants, CO\u2082 fixation occurs<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Day only<br>B) Night only<br>C) Day and night, but temporally separated<br>D) In roots only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  CAM plants fix CO\u2082 at night (as malate) and use it during day.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">70. CAM plants are adapted to<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Cold regions<br>B) Deserts and arid conditions<br>C) Rainforests<br>D) Aquatic environment<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  CAM photosynthesis minimizes water loss.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">71. Example of C\u2084 plants is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Wheat and rice<br>B) Maize and sugarcane<br>C) Mango and banana<br>D) Beans and peas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  These are classic C\u2084 plants with Kranz anatomy.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">72. Example of CAM plants is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><\/mark><br><\/strong>A) Rice and wheat<strong><br><\/strong>B) Maize and sorghum<br>C) Pineapple and cactus<br>D) Mustard and pea<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  CAM plants survive in deserts by fixing CO\u2082 at night.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">73. In C\u2084 cycle, decarboxylation of malate occurs in<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Mesophyll cells<br>B) Bundle sheath cells<br>C) Guard cells<br>D) Epidermal cells<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Malate releases CO\u2082 in bundle sheath cells for Calvin cycle.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">74. Photorespiration is more common in<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) C\u2083 plants<br>B) C\u2084 plants<br>C) CAM plants<br>D) Algae only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  C\u2083 plants lack CO\u2082 concentrating mechanism, hence higher photorespiration.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">75. CAM pathway helps plants by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Fixing CO\u2082 at night and reducing water loss<br>B) Increasing photorespiration<br>C) Avoiding ATP use<br>D) Producing oxygen at night<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  CAM plants conserve water by closing stomata during day.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">76. Which element is essential for the photolysis of water in photosynthesis?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Iron<br>B) Magnesium<br>C) Manganese<br>D) Potassium<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Manganese is part of the oxygen-evolving complex of PSII required for water splitting.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">77. The Z-scheme in photosynthesis represents<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Calvin cycle<br>B) Cyclic photophosphorylation<br>C) Electron transport chain in light reaction<br>D) CAM pathway<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  It shows electron flow from PSII \u2192 PSI \u2192 NADP\u207a.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">78. Which part of the chloroplast contains the enzymes of Calvin cycle?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Grana<br>B) Stroma<br>C) Thylakoid lumen<br>D) Cristae<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Calvin cycle enzymes are located in the stroma.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">79. The primary function of light reaction is to<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Fix carbon dioxide<br>B) Produce ATP and NADPH<br>C) Break down glucose<br>D) Release CO\u2082<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  These products power the dark reaction.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">80. Which of the following organisms first released oxygen into Earth\u2019s atmosphere?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Algae<br>B) Cyanobacteria<br>C) Ferns<br>D) Fungi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Oxygenic photosynthesis by cyanobacteria enriched Earth\u2019s atmosphere with O\u2082.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">81. What is the full form of RuBisCO?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase<br>B) Ribose bisphosphate carboxylase oxidase<br>C) Ribulose-5-phosphate carbon oxidase<br>D) Ribose-5-carboxylase oxygenase<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  RuBisCO fixes CO\u2082 with RuBP, also has oxygenase activity.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">82. The net gain of glucose from the Calvin cycle requires<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) 6 CO\u2082, 12 ATP, 12 NADPH<br>B) 6 CO\u2082, 18 ATP, 12 NADPH<br>C) 12 CO\u2082, 18 ATP, 6 NADPH<br>D) 12 CO\u2082, 12 ATP, 12 NADPH<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  This energy input is needed to synthesize one glucose molecule.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">83. Which scientist used radioactive carbon (\u00b9\u2074C) to trace carbon fixation in photosynthesis?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Blackman<br>B) Hill<br>C) Calvin<br>D) Arnon<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Melvin Calvin\u2019s \u00b9\u2074C tracer experiments mapped the Calvin cycle.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">84. In the light reaction, protons accumulate in<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Stroma<br>B) Thylakoid lumen<br>C) Cytoplasm<br>D) Nucleus<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Proton gradient across thylakoid drives ATP synthase.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">85. C\u2084 plants are better adapted to<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Cold and shaded conditions<br>B) High light intensity, high temperature, low CO\u2082<br>C) Low light, low temperature, high CO\u2082<br>D) Desert night photosynthesis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  C\u2084 photosynthesis minimizes photorespiration under such conditions.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">86. CAM plants open their stomata during<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Day only<br>B) Night only<br>C) Day and night<br>D) Never<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  CAM plants fix CO\u2082 at night to minimize water loss.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">87. The pigment system of photosynthesis was first demonstrated by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Hill<br>B) Emerson<br>C) Calvin<br>D) Blackman<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Emerson and Arnold showed photosynthesis needs two photosystems (Emerson effect).\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">88. The absorption spectrum of chlorophyll matches closely with<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Respiration spectrum<br>B) Action spectrum of photosynthesis<br>C) Reflection spectrum<br>D) Calvin cycle<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  The action spectrum shows effectiveness of different wavelengths in photosynthesis.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">89. The red drop (Emerson effect) refers to<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Drop in photosynthesis beyond 680 nm light<br>B) Increase in photosynthesis beyond 700 nm<br>C) Drop in respiration rate<br>D) Drop in chlorophyll content<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Photosynthesis rate drops in far-red light unless both PSII and PSI work together.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">90. Which gas is essential for photosynthesis?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Oxygen<br>B) Nitrogen<br>C) Carbon dioxide<br>D) Hydrogen<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>   CO\u2082 is fixed into carbohydrates.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">91. The ATP\u2013NADPH ratio from cyclic photophosphorylation is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) 1:1<br>B) 2:1<br>C) 3:2<br>D) Only ATP, no NADPH<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: D  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Cyclic flow produces ATP only.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">92. The \u201cquantasome\u201d is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Functional unit of photosynthesis in thylakoid membrane<br>B) Functional unit of mitochondria<br>C) Part of Calvin cycle<br>D) ATP\u2013NADPH pump<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Quantasomes contain pigment\u2013protein complexes in photosystems.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">93. How many photons of light are required (minimum) to evolve one molecule of O\u2082 in photosynthesis?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) 2<br>B) 4<br>C) 6<br>D) 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: D  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  At least 8 photons (4 each for PSII and PSI) are required per O\u2082 molecule.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">94. In C\u2083 plants, the first stable product of CO\u2082 fixation is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) 3-PGA<br>B) Oxaloacetate<br>C) Malate<br>D) Glucose<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Hence Calvin cycle is called the C\u2083 pathway.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">95. In C\u2084 plants, the Calvin cycle takes place in<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Mesophyll cells<br>B) Bundle sheath cells<br>C) Guard cells<br>D) Root cells<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  CO\u2082 is concentrated in bundle sheath cells for Calvin cycle.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">96. In CAM plants, CO\u2082 fixation at night occurs by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) RuBisCO<br>B) PEP carboxylase<br>C) ATP synthase<br>D) Ferredoxin<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  CAM plants use PEP carboxylase at night to form malate.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">97. The first stable product of CAM pathway is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) 3-PGA<br>B) Malate<br>C) RuBP<br>D) Sucrose<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Malate is stored in vacuoles at night.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">98. Which of the following is a C\u2084 plant?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Wheat<br>B) Maize<br>C) Rice<br>D) Potato<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Maize has Kranz anatomy and follows the C\u2084 cycle.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">99. Which of the following is a CAM plant?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Sugarcane<br>B) Wheat<br>C) Pineapple<br>D) Barley<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Pineapple uses CAM photosynthesis to conserve water.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">100. The overall efficiency of energy conversion in photosynthesis is approximately<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> _____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) 1\u20132%<br>B) 5\u20138%<br>C) 10\u201312%<br>D) 20\u201325%<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Despite capturing sunlight, actual conversion efficiency is about 1\u20132%.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Photosynthesis mainly occurs in _____________.A) RootsB) StemsC) LeavesD) Flowers Show Answer Answer: C Explanation: Leaves are the primary sites of photosynthesis due to chloroplast abundance. 2. Photosynthesis takes place in which cell organelle?A) MitochondriaB) ChloroplastC) Golgi bodyD) Ribosome Show Answer Answer: B Explanation: Chloroplast contains chlorophyll that captures light energy. 3. Which pigment is<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"[]"},"categories":[7,1],"tags":[16407,16151,16133,16155,16154,16147,16158,16139,16413,16404,16416,16402,16403,16397,16135,16408,15566,16406,16405,4029,16156,5649,5623,16415,16401,10998,16410,16265,16134,16132,16409,16414,16411,16140,16412],"class_list":{"0":"post-12949","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-biology","7":"category-blog","8":"tag-atp-and-nadph","9":"tag-biology-learning","10":"tag-biology-mcqs","11":"tag-biology-preparation-material","12":"tag-biology-questions-and-answers","13":"tag-biology-quiz","14":"tag-biology-revision","15":"tag-biology-study-material","16":"tag-c3-and-c4-pathways","17":"tag-calvin-cycle","18":"tag-cam-pathway","19":"tag-carbon-fixation","20":"tag-chlorophyll","21":"tag-chloroplast","22":"tag-competitive-exam-biology","23":"tag-dark-reaction","24":"tag-energy-conversion","25":"tag-glucose-synthesis","26":"tag-light-reaction","27":"tag-mcqs-adda","28":"tag-mcqs-for-biology-exam","29":"tag-mcqs-for-pc-psi-sda-fda-pdo-vao-banking-kas-ias-ssc-gd-ssc-chsl-ssc-cgl-for-all-compitative-exams","30":"tag-mcqs-for-sda-fda-pdo-vao-banking-kas-ias-ssc-gd-ssc-chsl-ssc-cgl-for-all-compitative-exams","31":"tag-oxygen-production","32":"tag-photosynthesis","33":"tag-photosynthesis-top-100-mcqs-with-answer-and-explanation","34":"tag-photosynthetic-pigments","35":"tag-plant-physiology","36":"tag-psc-biology-mcqs","37":"tag-ssc-biology-mcqs","38":"tag-stroma","39":"tag-sunlight-energy","40":"tag-thylakoid","41":"tag-upsc-biology-mcqs","42":"tag-water-and-carbon-dioxide"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12949","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12949"}],"version-history":[{"count":104,"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12949\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37306,"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12949\/revisions\/37306"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12949"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12949"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12949"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}