{"id":12996,"date":"2025-09-25T12:39:01","date_gmt":"2025-09-25T11:39:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/?p=12996"},"modified":"2026-01-16T11:46:45","modified_gmt":"2026-01-16T11:46:45","slug":"plant-diseases-top-100-mcqs-with-answer-and-explanation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/2025\/09\/25\/plant-diseases-top-100-mcqs-with-answer-and-explanation\/","title":{"rendered":"Plant diseases Top 100 MCQs With Answer and Explanation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"><strong>1. The study of plant diseases is called<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/strong><\/mark>A) Mycology<br>B) Pathology<br>C) Phytopathology<br>D) Agronomy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Phytopathology is the branch of biology dealing with plant diseases, their causes, and control.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">2. The Irish famine (1845) was caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Wheat rust<br>B) Potato late blight<br>C) Rice blast<br>D) Citrus canker<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Caused by Phytophthora infestans, leading to starvation in Ireland.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">3. Crown gall disease in plants is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Fungus<br>B) Bacterium<br>C) Virus<br>D) Mycoplasma<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Agrobacterium tumefaciens causes crown gall by transferring Ti plasmid DNA into host plants.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">4. Citrus canker is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Xanthomonas citri<br>B) Fusarium oxysporum<br>C) Tobacco mosaic virus<br>D) Pythium debaryanum<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Bacterial disease causing leaf and fruit lesions in citrus crops.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">5. Black rot of crucifers is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris<br>B) Alternaria brassicae<br>C) Fusarium oxysporum<br>D) Cercospora brassicicola<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Produces V-shaped lesions in cabbage, cauliflower, mustard, etc.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">6. Wilt disease of solanaceous crops (tomato, potato, brinjal) is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Ralstonia solanacearum<br>B) Agrobacterium tumefaciens<br>C) Xanthomonas oryzae<br>D) Erwinia carotovora<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Soil-borne bacterium causing bacterial wilt in solanaceous crops.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">7. Fire blight of apple and pear is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Erwinia amylovora<br>B) Pseudomonas fluorescens<br>C) Xanthomonas citri<br>D) Agrobacterium tumefaciens<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>   First bacterial plant disease discovered (in 1878).\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">8. Soft rot of vegetables is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Erwinia carotovora<br>B) Xanthomonas campestris<br>C) Fusarium oxysporum<br>D) Phytophthora infestans<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Erwinia secretes pectolytic enzymes that soften tissues and cause rotting.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">9. Red stripe disease of sugarcane is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Xanthomonas albilineans<br>B) Xanthomonas rubrilineans<br>C) Ralstonia solanacearum<br>D) Pseudomonas syringae<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Produces reddish streaks in sugarcane leaves.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">10. Angular leaf spot of cotton is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Xanthomonas malvacearum<br>B) Fusarium oxysporum<br>C) Alternaria tenuis<br>D) Cercospora gossypina<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Produces angular-shaped bacterial leaf spots in cotton.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">11. Bacterial leaf blight of rice is caused by:<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae<br>B) Fusarium moniliforme<br>C) Pyricularia oryzae<br>D) Phytophthora infestans<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Major bacterial disease of rice causing wilting and yellowing.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">12. Bacterial leaf streak of rice is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola<br>B) Fusarium oxysporum<br>C) Phytophthora parasitica<br>D) Cercospora oryzae<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Produces yellowish streaks on rice leaves.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">13. Bacterial wilt of cucurbits is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Erwinia tracheiphila<br>B) Xanthomonas campestris<br>C) Ralstonia solanacearum<br>D) Agrobacterium tumefaciens<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Spread by cucumber beetles, causes wilt in cucurbit plants.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">14. Gumming disease of sugarcane is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Xanthomonas axonopodis<br>B) Leifsonia xyli<br>C) Ralstonia solanacearum<br>D) Erwinia carotovora<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Produces gum-like exudates in sugarcane.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">15. Bacterial stripe of maize is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Pseudomonas avenae<br>B) Xanthomonas campestris<br>C) Erwinia carotovora<br>D) Fusarium sp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Produces long stripes in maize leaves.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">16. Halo blight of beans is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola<br>B) Xanthomonas campestris<br>C) Fusarium oxysporum<br>D) Cercospora personata<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Produces water-soaked lesions with yellow halos.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">17. Wildfire disease of tobacco is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Pseudomonas tabaci<br>B) Erwinia carotovora<br>C) Fusarium tabacum<br>D) Phytophthora tabacina<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Bacterial disease producing wildfire-like leaf spots.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">18. Bacterial canker of tomato is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Clavibacter michiganensis<br>B) Xanthomonas campestris<br>C) Erwinia carotovora<br>D) Ralstonia solanacearum<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  A gram-positive bacterium causing wilting and cankers in tomato.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">19. Stewart\u2019s wilt of maize is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Erwinia stewartii<br>B) Xanthomonas oryzae<br>C) Fusarium oxysporum<br>D) Ustilago maydis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Produces wilting and streaks in maize leaves.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">20. Olive knot disease is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Pseudomonas savastanoi<br>B) Agrobacterium tumefaciens<br>C) Xanthomonas campestris<br>D) Erwinia amylovora<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Produces knot-like swellings on olive trees.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">21. Bacterial scab of potato is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Streptomyces scabies<br>B) Xanthomonas citri<br>C) Erwinia carotovora<br>D) Fusarium sp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Soil actinomycete causing scabby lesions on potato tubers.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">22. Angular leaf spot of beans is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola<br>B) Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli<br>C) Fusarium oxysporum<br>D) Cercospora sp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>   Produces angular water-soaked lesions on bean leaves.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">23. Bacterial blight of cotton is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Xanthomonas citri<br>B) Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum<br>C) Pseudomonas tabaci<br>D) Erwinia carotovora<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Produces black lesions on cotton leaves and bolls.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">24. A bacterial disease of banana is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Moko disease (Ralstonia solanacearum)<br>B) Bunchy top (Virus)<br>C) Panama wilt (Fusarium)<br>D) Sigatoka (Fungus)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Bacterial wilt disease of banana caused by Ralstonia.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">25. The bacterial pathogen causing gummosis in beans is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Xanthomonas axonopodis<br>B) Pseudomonas syringae<br>C) Ralstonia solanacearum<br>D) Agrobacterium tumefaciens<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>   Produces gum-like bacterial exudates on bean plants.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">26. Rust of wheat is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Alternaria solani<br>B) Ustilago maydis<br>C) Puccinia graminis tritici<br>D) Fusarium oxysporum<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  This fungus causes black rust of wheat, one of the most serious fungal diseases of cereals.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">27. Loose smut of wheat is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Ustilago nuda tritici<br>B) Tilletia tritici<br>C) Puccinia graminis<br>D) Cercospora sp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Ustilago infects seeds internally, replacing grains with black smut spores.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">28. Covered smut of wheat is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Tilletia caries<br>B) Ustilago avenae<br>C) Puccinia recondita<br>D) Alternaria alternata<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Tilletia causes covered smut\/bunt, producing fishy odor in grains.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">29. Ergot of rye is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Claviceps purpurea<br>B) Puccinia graminis<br>C) Phytophthora infestans<br>D) Cercospora personata<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>   It produces ergot alkaloids (ergotism in humans if consumed).\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">30. Tikka disease (leaf spot) of groundnut is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Cercospora arachidicola &amp; C. personata<br>B) Fusarium oxysporum<br>C) Alternaria brassicae<br>D) Ustilago sp<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Both fungi cause characteristic leaf spots, reducing yield.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">31. Wilt of pigeon pea is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Fusarium udum<br>B) Xanthomonas citri<br>C) Alternaria alternata<br>D) Claviceps purpurea<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  A soil-borne fungus causing vascular wilt in pigeon pea.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">32. Downy mildew of grapes is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Phytophthora infestans<br>B) Plasmopara viticola<br>C) Erysiphe graminis<br>D) Alternaria sp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  It is a fungus-like oomycete causing downy mildew in grape leaves and fruits.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">33. Powdery mildew of pea is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Erysiphe pisi<br>B) Alternaria brassicae<br>C) Ustilago maydis<br>D) Cercospora personata<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  White powdery patches on pea leaves and pods are due to Erysiphe.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">34. Blast disease of rice is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Pyricularia oryzae (Magnaporthe grisea)<br>B) Puccinia graminis<br>C) Fusarium oxysporum<br>D) Cercospora oryzae<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  The most destructive rice disease worldwide.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">35. Red rot of sugarcane is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Colletotrichum falcatum<br>B) Fusarium oxysporum<br>C) Alternaria tenuis<br>D) Cercospora personata<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  A major fungal disease of sugarcane, causing reddish patches in stems.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">36. Late blight of potato is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Phytophthora infestans<br>B) Alternaria solani<br>C) Fusarium oxysporum<br>D) Pythium debaryanum<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Responsible for the Irish potato famine of 1845.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">37. Early blight of potato is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Alternaria solani<br>B) Phytophthora infestans<br>C) Cercospora solani<br>D) Colletotrichum sp<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Causes concentric ring lesions on leaves and stems.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">38. Charcoal rot of sorghum is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Macrophomina phaseolina<br>B) Sclerospora graminicola<br>C) Fusarium udum<br>D) Ustilago maydis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Produces charcoal-like black microsclerotia in infected tissues.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">39. Head smut of maize is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Ustilago maydis<br>B) Sphacelotheca reiliana<br>C) Puccinia recondita<br>D) Alternaria alternata<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Replaces maize ears with smut sori.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">40. Smut of corn (common smut) is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Ustilago maydis<br>B) Tilletia tritici<br>C) Fusarium oxysporum<br>D) Puccinia striiformis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Produces large tumor-like galls on maize plants.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">41. Anthracnose of mango is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Colletotrichum gloeosporioides<br>B) Fusarium udum<br>C) Alternaria tenuis<br>D) Cercospora personata<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Dark necrotic lesions on mango leaves, twigs, and fruits.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">42. Green ear disease of bajra (pearl millet) is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Claviceps fusiformis<br>B) Sclerospora graminicola<br>C) Ustilago cynodontis<br>D) Fusarium moniliforme<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Converts floral parts into leafy structures (green ears).\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">43. Coffee rust is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Hemileia vastatrix<br>B) Puccinia graminis<br>C) Cercospora coffeicola<br>D) Fusarium oxysporum<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>   A serious fungal disease that destroyed coffee plantations in Sri Lanka.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">44. Apple scab is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><\/mark><\/strong><br>A) Venturia inaequalis<br>B) Fusarium sp.<br>C) Alternaria sp.<br>D) Ustilago sp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  A fungal pathogen causing scabby lesions on apples.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">45. Damping-off disease of seedlings is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Pythium debaryanum<br>B) Alternaria brassicae<br>C) Cercospora sp.<br>D) Ustilago sp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  A soil-borne oomycete that rots young seedlings.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">46. Rust of linseed is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Uromyces lini<br>B) Puccinia recondita<br>C) Fusarium lini<br>D) Alternaria lini<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  A rust fungus affecting linseed crops.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">47. Wilt of cotton is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum<br>B) Colletotrichum gloeosporioides<br>C) Alternaria solani<br>D) Cercospora gossypina<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Causes vascular wilt in cotton plants.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">48. Fruit rot of chili is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Colletotrichum capsici<br>B) Alternaria alternata<br>C) Cercospora sp.<br>D) Puccinia sp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Leads to fruit rotting and severe yield losses.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">49. Leaf spot of turmeric is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Colletotrichum capsici<br>B) Alternaria alternata<br>C) Taphrina deformans<br>D) Cercospora zingiberi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: D <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Characteristic leaf spots leading to reduced photosynthesis.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">50. Leaf blight of rice is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Helminthosporium oryzae (Bipolaris oryzae)<br>B) Puccinia oryzae<br>C) Colletotrichum oryzae<br>D) Alternaria oryzae<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Causes brown leaf spots and blight in rice fields.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">51. The first plant disease proven to be caused by a virus was<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Bunchy top of banana<br>B) Mosaic of tobacco<br>C) Little leaf of brinjal<br>D) Yellow vein mosaic of bhindi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was the first virus discovered (by Ivanowsky, 1892; Beijerinck, 1898).\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">52. The causal agent of tobacco mosaic disease is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) TMV (virus)<br>B) Fungus<br>C) Bacterium<br>D) Mycoplasma<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  TMV causes mottling, mosaic, and curling of tobacco leaves.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">53. Bunchy top of banana is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Fungus<br>B) Virus<br>C) Mycoplasma<br>D) Bacterium<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) causes stunted growth with leaves appearing bunched at the top.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">54. Yellow vein mosaic of bhindi (okra) is transmitted by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Aphids<br>B) Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci)<br>C) Thrips<br>D) Leafhoppers<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  The virus spreads via whiteflies, producing yellow vein patterns on okra leaves.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">55. Leaf curl disease of chili is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Fungus<br>B) Bacterium<br>C) Virus<br>D) Mycoplasma<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Transmitted by whiteflies, it causes curling and puckering of chili leaves.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">56. Little leaf of brinjal is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Virus<br>B) Fungus<br>C) Phytoplasma (mycoplasma-like organism)<br>D) Bacterium<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Transmitted by leafhoppers, results in small, narrow leaves and stunted plants.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">57. Spike disease of sandalwood is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Fungus<br>B) Virus<br>C) Phytoplasma<br>D) Bacterium<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Spike disease causes witches\u2019 broom-like growth in sandalwood trees.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">58. Phyllody in sesame is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Fungus<br>B) Virus<br>C) Phytoplasma<br>D) Bacterium<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Floral parts convert into leafy structures due to phytoplasma infection.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">59. Which plant disease is caused by a viroid?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Mosaic of tobacco<br>B) Potato spindle tuber disease<br>C) Little leaf of brinjal<br>D) Yellow vein mosaic of bhindi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Viroids are naked infectious RNA molecules discovered by T.O. Diener (1971).\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"><strong>60. Citrus greening disease is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/strong><\/mark>A) Fungus<br>B) Virus<br>C) Phytoplasma-like organism<br>D) Nematode<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Also called Huanglongbing, spread by psyllid insects.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">61. Witches\u2019 broom in plants is usually caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Viruses<br>B) Fungi<br>C) Phytoplasmas<br>D) Bacteria<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Phytoplasmas alter plant growth leading to broom-like proliferation of shoots.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">62. Groundnut rosette disease is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Fungus<br>B) Virus<br>C) Bacterium<br>D) Phytoplasma<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Groundnut rosette virus complex transmitted by aphids.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">63. Leaf roll of potato is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Virus<br>B) Fungus<br>C) Bacterium<br>D) Mycoplasma<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Potato leaf roll virus causes upward rolling of potato leaves.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">64. Grassy shoot disease of sugarcane is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Virus<br>B) Bacterium<br>C) Phytoplasma<br>D) Fungus<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Sugarcane grassy shoot is transmitted by leafhoppers.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">65. Papaya ring spot disease is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Fungus<br>B) Virus<br>C) Bacterium<br>D) Phytoplasma<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Papaya ring spot virus (PRSV) produces mosaic, distortion, and ring-like spots on papaya leaves and fruits.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">66. Mosaic disease of sugarcane is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV)<br>B) Fungus<br>C) Xanthomonas bacteria<br>D) Phytoplasma<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Causes mosaic patterns and reduced cane yield.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"><strong>67. Rugose leaf curl of tomato is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/strong><\/mark>A) Virus<br>B) Fungus<br>C) Bacterium<br>D) Phytoplasma<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Tomato leaf curl virus transmitted by whiteflies.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">68. A disease caused by both nematode and bacterium together is<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Citrus canker<br>B) Tundu disease of wheat<br>C) Potato spindle tuber disease<br>D) Coffee rust<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Caused by Anguina tritici (nematode) + Clavibacter tritici (bacterium).\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">69. Bacterial wilt of banana (Moko disease) is often confused with<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Panama wilt (Fusarium)<br>B) Bunchy top (Virus)<br>C) Sigatoka (Fungus)<br>D) Red rot (Colletotrichum)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>   Both cause wilting, but Moko is bacterial and Panama is fungal.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">70. The disease Apple scar skin is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Fungus<br>B) Virus<br>C) Viroid<br>D) Bacterium<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Caused by Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd).\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">71. Onion yellow dwarf disease is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Fungus<br>B) Virus<br>C) Phytoplasma<br>D) Bacterium<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Onion yellow dwarf virus causes stunting and yellowing.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">72. Which plant pathogen category lacks protein coat?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Virus<br>B) Fungus<br>C) Viroid<br>D) Bacterium<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Viroids are naked RNA molecules without a protein coat.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">73. Mosaic disease of bean is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Bean common mosaic virus<br>B) Cercospora sp.<br>C) Pseudomonas sp.<br>D) Fusarium sp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Causes mottling and stunted growth in beans.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">74. Chlorotic streak disease of sugarcane is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Virus<br>B) Fungus<br>C) Phytoplasma<br>D) Bacterium<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Chlorotic streak virus causes streaking and reduced sugarcane yield.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">75. Viroids differ from viruses in<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Being smaller and lacking protein coat<br>B) Being DNA-based only<br>C) Causing animal diseases only<br>D) Having both RNA and DNA<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>   Viroids are the smallest infectious agents, consisting of naked RNA.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">76. Red rot of sugarcane is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Colletotrichum falcatum<br>B) Fusarium oxysporum<br>C) Alternaria tenuis<br>D) Cercospora personata<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  A major fungal disease of sugarcane producing red streaks inside stems.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">77. Panama disease of banana is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense<br>B) Ralstonia solanacearum<br>C) Phytophthora infestans<br>D) Ustilago maydis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  A soil-borne fungus causing devastating wilt in bananas.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">78. The Irish famine (1845) was due to<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Rice blast<br>B) Late blight of potato<br>C) Wheat rust<br>D) Citrus canker<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Phytophthora infestans destroyed potato crops in Ireland, causing mass starvation.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">79. Green ear disease of bajra is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Claviceps fusiformis<br>B) Sclerospora graminicola<br>C) Ustilago cynodontis<br>D) Alternaria brassicae<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Downy mildew fungus converts floral parts into leafy structures (green ears).\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">80. Which plant disease is caused by a viroid?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Mosaic of tobacco<br>B) Potato spindle tuber disease<br>C) Bunchy top of banana<br>D) Citrus canker<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Viroids are infectious naked RNA molecules, discovered by T.O. Diener (1971).\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">81. Coffee rust is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Puccinia graminis<br>B) Hemileia vastatrix<br>C) Colletotrichum coffeanum<br>D) Alternaria coffeicola<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  This fungus devastated coffee plantations in Sri Lanka in the 19th century.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">82. Tundu disease of wheat is a complex disease caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Fungus only<br>B) Virus only<br>C) Nematode + Bacterium<br>D) Phytoplasma<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Caused by Anguina tritici (nematode) + Clavibacter tritici (bacterium).\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">83. Smut of corn (common smut) is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Ustilago maydis<br>B) Tilletia tritici<br>C) Fusarium udum<br>D) Puccinia recondita<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Produces tumor-like galls filled with black spores on maize.\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">84. Blast disease of rice is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Alternaria solani<br>B) Pyricularia oryzae (Magnaporthe grisea)<br>C) Puccinia recondita<br>D) Claviceps fusiformis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  The most destructive fungal disease of rice worldwide.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">85. Apple scab is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Fusarium sp.<br>B) Venturia inaequalis<br>C) Cercospora sp.<br>D) Ustilago sp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  A fungal pathogen causing scabby lesions on apple leaves and fruits.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">86. Club root disease of cabbage is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Fusarium oxysporum<br>B) Plasmodiophora brassicae<br>C) Alternaria brassicae<br>D) Cercospora brassicicola<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  A protozoan-like pathogen that induces club-shaped swellings in roots.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">87. Powdery mildew of pea is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Puccinia pisi<br>B) Erysiphe pisi<br>C) Ustilago pisi<br>D) Cercospora pisi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  White powdery coating on leaves and pods.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">88. Damping-off of seedlings is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Pythium debaryanum<br>B) Fusarium udum<br>C) Alternaria solani<br>D) Cercospora arachidicola<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  A soil-borne oomycete that infects young seedlings, causing collapse.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">89. Rust of linseed is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Uromyces lini<br>B) Puccinia graminis<br>C) Cercospora lini<br>D) Fusarium lini<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Produces rust pustules on linseed.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">90. Sigatoka disease of banana is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Mycosphaerella musicola<br>B) Fusarium oxysporum<br>C) Phytophthora infestans<br>D) Alternaria brassicae<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  A leaf spot disease of banana.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">91. Red leaf spot of turmeric is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Colletotrichum capsici<br>B) Cercospora zingiberi<br>C) Taphrina deformans<br>D) Puccinia zingiberi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Causes reddish leaf spots in turmeric plants.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">92. Which plant disease is caused by Phytoplasma?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Phyllody of sesame<br>B) Tobacco mosaic<br>C) Citrus canker<br>D) Red rot of sugarcane<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Phytoplasmas convert floral parts into leafy structures.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">93. Which disease of sandalwood is caused by Phytoplasma?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Wilt<br>B) Spike disease<br>C) Anthracnose<br>D) Powdery mildew<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Causes witches\u2019 broom-like growth and sterility in sandalwood.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">94. Which disease of papaya is caused by a virus?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Ring spot disease<br>B) Wilt disease<br>C) Red rot disease<br>D) Blight<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Papaya ring spot virus causes circular mottling on leaves and fruits.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">95. Groundnut rosette disease is transmitted by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Whiteflies<br>B) Aphids<br>C) Thrips<br>D) Leafhoppers<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Groundnut rosette virus is spread by Aphis craccivora.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">96. Witches\u2019 broom disease of legumes is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Virus<br>B) Fungus<br>C) Phytoplasma<br>D) Nematode<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: C  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Phytoplasma infection leads to excessive shoot proliferation.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">97. Black rot of crucifers is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><\/mark><\/strong><br>A) Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris<br>B) Fusarium brassicae<br>C) Alternaria brassicae<br>D) Cercospora brassicicola<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  A bacterial disease producing characteristic V-shaped leaf lesions.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"><strong>98. The causal organism of bunt disease of wheat is<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark>A) Tilletia caries<br>B) Ustilago nuda<br>C) Puccinia graminis<br>D) Alternaria alternata<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  Produces \u201cstinking smut\u201d with fishy odor due to trimethylamine.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">99. The disease \u201csoft rot of carrot\u201d is caused by<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"> ____________.<\/mark><\/strong><br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Erwinia carotovora<br>B) Fusarium oxysporum<br>C) Pythium debaryanum<br>D) Colletotrichum sp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: A  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  A bacterial disease causing watery soft rot of carrots and other vegetables.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">100. Which is the causal organism of loose smut of wheat?<br><\/mark><\/strong>A) Tilletia tritici<br>B) Ustilago nuda tritici<br>C) Puccinia graminis tritici<br>D) Fusarium oxysporum<\/p>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><b> Answer: B  <\/b><BR>\n<b>Explanation:<\/b>  A seed-borne fungus replacing wheat grains with black powdery spores.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. The study of plant diseases is called ____________.A) MycologyB) PathologyC) PhytopathologyD) Agronomy Show Answer Answer: C Explanation: Phytopathology is the branch of biology dealing with plant diseases, their causes, and control. 2. The Irish famine (1845) was caused by ____________.A) Wheat rustB) Potato late blightC) Rice blastD) Citrus canker Show Answer Answer: B Explanation:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,19],"tags":[16581,16595,16570,16152,16556,16133,16490,16154,16147,16158,16139,16586,16529,16506,16597,16591,16515,16575,16135,16571,16598,16602,16582,16577,16494,16585,4029,5649,5652,5623,16533,16593,16587,16487,16573,16590,16596,16569,11006,16589,16578,16580,16600,16574,16594,16579,16532,16599,16583,16584,16601,16588,16576,16568,16572,16592],"class_list":{"0":"post-12996","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-biology","7":"category-science","8":"tag-agricultural-biology","9":"tag-agricultural-science","10":"tag-bacterial-diseases-in-plants","11":"tag-biology-concepts","12":"tag-biology-for-competitive-exams","13":"tag-biology-mcqs","14":"tag-biology-practice-questions","15":"tag-biology-questions-and-answers","16":"tag-biology-quiz","17":"tag-biology-revision","18":"tag-biology-study-material","19":"tag-blight-disease","20":"tag-botany-mcqs","21":"tag-botany-questions","22":"tag-botany-study-guide","23":"tag-citrus-canker","24":"tag-class-11-biology-mcqs","25":"tag-common-plant-diseases","26":"tag-competitive-exam-biology","27":"tag-crop-diseases","28":"tag-crop-protection","29":"tag-disease-prevention-in-plants","30":"tag-disease-causing-microorganisms","31":"tag-fungal-diseases-in-plants","32":"tag-important-biology-topics","33":"tag-late-blight-of-potato","34":"tag-mcqs-adda","35":"tag-mcqs-for-pc-psi-sda-fda-pdo-vao-banking-kas-ias-ssc-gd-ssc-chsl-ssc-cgl-for-all-compitative-exams","36":"tag-mcqs-for-pc-psi-sda-fda-pdo-vao-banking-kas-ias-ssc-gd-ssc-chsl-ssc-cgl-for-all-compitative-examsin-kannada","37":"tag-mcqs-for-sda-fda-pdo-vao-banking-kas-ias-ssc-gd-ssc-chsl-ssc-cgl-for-all-compitative-exams","38":"tag-mcqs-with-answers-and-explanations","39":"tag-microbial-diseases-in-plants","40":"tag-mosaic-virus","41":"tag-neet-biology-mcqs","42":"tag-plant-disease-control","43":"tag-plant-disease-examples","44":"tag-plant-disease-notes","45":"tag-plant-diseases-mcqs","46":"tag-plant-diseases-top-100-mcqs-with-answer-and-explanation","47":"tag-plant-health","48":"tag-plant-immunity","49":"tag-plant-infection","50":"tag-plant-microbiology","51":"tag-plant-pathology","52":"tag-plant-physiology-and-health","53":"tag-plant-protection","54":"tag-plant-science-quiz","55":"tag-plant-virology","56":"tag-plant-pathogen-interaction","57":"tag-rust-disease","58":"tag-science-quiz-biology","59":"tag-smut-disease","60":"tag-symptoms-of-plant-diseases","61":"tag-types-of-plant-diseases","62":"tag-viral-diseases-in-plants","63":"tag-wilt-disease"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12996","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12996"}],"version-history":[{"count":106,"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12996\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38024,"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12996\/revisions\/38024"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12996"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12996"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12996"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}