{"id":13034,"date":"2025-09-26T08:19:20","date_gmt":"2025-09-26T07:19:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/?p=13034"},"modified":"2025-10-22T11:45:24","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T10:45:24","slug":"environmental-pollution-and-control-top-100-mcqs-with-answer-and-explanation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/2025\/09\/26\/environmental-pollution-and-control-top-100-mcqs-with-answer-and-explanation\/","title":{"rendered":"Environmental Pollution and Control Top 100 MCQs With Answer and Explanation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

1. Pollution refers to:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Addition of useful substances in the environment
B) Addition or removal of substances that make the environment harmful
C) Increase in biodiversity
D) Removal of waste materials
Answer:<\/strong> B) Addition or removal of substances that make the environment harmful
Explanation:<\/strong> Pollution means undesirable changes in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of the environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Which of the following is NOT a primary air pollutant?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) CO
B) SO\u2082
C) NO\u2082
D) O\u2083
Answer:<\/strong> D) O\u2083
Explanation:<\/strong> Ozone at ground level is a secondary pollutant formed by chemical reactions of primary pollutants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. The most abundant greenhouse gas emitted by human activities is:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) CH\u2084
B) CO\u2082
C) N\u2082O
D) CFCs
Answer:<\/strong> B) CO\u2082
Explanation:<\/strong> Carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels is the largest anthropogenic greenhouse gas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Which pollutant causes Minamata disease?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Arsenic
B) Mercury
C) Lead
D) Cadmium
Answer:<\/strong> B) Mercury
Explanation:<\/strong> Mercury poisoning (in Minamata Bay, Japan) caused neurological disorders known as Minamata disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


5. PAN (Peroxyacetyl Nitrate) is a:
<\/strong><\/mark>A) Greenhouse gas
B) Primary air pollutant
C) Secondary air pollutant
D) Metal contaminant
Answer:<\/strong> C) Secondary air pollutant
Explanation:<\/strong> PAN is formed in photochemical smog from hydrocarbons and NOx.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Which air pollutant is the main cause of Taj Mahal\u2019s marble corrosion?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) SO\u2082
B) NO\u2082
C) O\u2083
D) CO
Answer:<\/strong> A) SO\u2082
Explanation:<\/strong> Sulphur dioxide reacts with water to form sulphuric acid \u2192 acid rain \u2192 marble corrosion (\u201cMarble cancer\u201d).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. Which gas is known as laughing gas and also acts as a greenhouse gas?
<\/strong><\/mark>A) CO\u2082
B) CH\u2084
C) N\u2082O
D) SO\u2082
Answer:<\/strong> C) N\u2082O
Explanation:<\/strong> Nitrous oxide (laughing gas) is a potent greenhouse gas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. Photochemical smog is dominant in:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Winter mornings
B) Summer afternoons
C) Rainy season
D) Cold nights
Answer:<\/strong> B) Summer afternoons
Explanation:<\/strong> Photochemical smog forms under intense sunlight due to NOx and hydrocarbons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. Bhopal gas tragedy (1984) was due to leakage of:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Methyl isocyanate (MIC)
B) Phosgene
C) Cyanide
D) Ammonia
Answer:<\/strong> A) Methyl isocyanate (MIC)
Explanation:<\/strong> MIC leak from Union Carbide pesticide plant caused thousands of deaths.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. The device used to remove particulate matter from industrial emissions is:
<\/strong><\/mark>A) Cyclone separator
B) Electrostatic precipitator
C) Scrubber
D) All of these
Answer:<\/strong> D) All of these
Explanation:<\/strong> ESPs, scrubbers, and cyclone separators are used for air pollution control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11. Which pollutant mainly causes respiratory problems like bronchitis and asthma?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) SO\u2082
B) CO\u2082
C) O\u2083
D) CFCs
Answer:<\/strong> A) SO\u2082
Explanation:<\/strong> Sulphur dioxide irritates respiratory tract, causing chronic bronchitis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12. Which pollutant has the highest global warming potential (GWP)?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) CO\u2082
B) CH\u2084
C) N\u2082O
D) CFCs
Answer:<\/strong> D) CFCs
Explanation:<\/strong> CFCs trap heat thousands of times more than CO\u2082.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13. Which pollutant binds with hemoglobin to reduce oxygen transport in blood?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) CO\u2082
B) CO
C) NO\u2082
D) SO\u2082
Answer:<\/strong> B) CO
Explanation:<\/strong> Carbon monoxide forms carboxyhemoglobin, reducing oxygen carrying capacity \u2192 suffocation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act in India was passed in:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) 1974
B) 1981
C) 1987
D) 1991
Answer:<\/strong> B) 1981
Explanation:<\/strong> The Air Act, 1981 provides measures for control of air pollution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

15. Which of the following pollutants causes blue baby syndrome?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Nitrate in drinking water
B) Fluoride
C) Lead
D) Mercury
Answer:<\/strong> A) Nitrate in drinking water
Explanation:<\/strong> High nitrate levels in water cause methemoglobinemia (\u201cblue baby syndrome\u201d) in infants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

16. Ozone layer depletion is mainly due to:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) CFCs
B) SO\u2082
C) NO\u2082
D) CO\u2082
Answer:<\/strong> A) CFCs
Explanation:<\/strong> CFCs release chlorine atoms that destroy ozone molecules in the stratosphere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

17. Which gas is the main contributor to acid rain?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) O\u2082
B) SO\u2082
C) H\u2082
D) CO
Answer:<\/strong> B) SO\u2082
Explanation:<\/strong> SO\u2082 and NOx form sulphuric and nitric acids in the atmosphere \u2192 acid rain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

18. Which pollutant is measured using a dosimeter in workplaces?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Noise
B) Dust
C) Radiation
D) Temperature
Answer:<\/strong> C) Radiation
Explanation:<\/strong> Dosimeters measure ionizing radiation exposure in industries and hospitals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

19. Lead poisoning affects primarily:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Heart
B) Brain and nervous system
C) Kidneys
D) Skin
Answer:<\/strong> B) Brain and nervous system
Explanation:<\/strong> Lead damages the nervous system, especially in children.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

20. PM2.5 refers to particulate matter of size less than:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) 5 micrometers
B) 2.5 micrometers
C) 25 micrometers
D) 0.25 micrometers
Answer:<\/strong> B) 2.5 micrometers
Explanation:<\/strong> PM2.5 are tiny particles causing severe respiratory and cardiovascular problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

21. AQI stands for:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Air Quality Indicator
B) Air Quality Index
C) Atmospheric Quality Index
D) Average Quality Index
Answer:<\/strong> B) Air Quality Index
Explanation:<\/strong> AQI measures air pollution levels (Good, Moderate, Poor, Severe).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

22. Which pollutant causes greenhouse effect but is not considered an air pollutant under Indian law?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) CO\u2082
B) SO\u2082
C) NO\u2082
D) CO
Answer:<\/strong> A) CO\u2082
Explanation:<\/strong> CO\u2082 causes climate change but is not classified as an \u201cair pollutant\u201d under the Air Act, 1981.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

23. Which city is known as the most air-polluted city in India (as per WHO 2022 report)?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Delhi
B) Kanpur
C) Ghaziabad
D) Bhiwadi
Answer:<\/strong> D) Bhiwadi
Explanation:<\/strong> WHO listed Bhiwadi (Rajasthan) as India\u2019s most polluted city by PM2.5 concentration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

24. Which chemical is used in catalytic converters of automobiles to control emissions?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Platinum
B) Sodium
C) Copper
D) Aluminium
Answer:<\/strong> A) Platinum
Explanation:<\/strong> Catalytic converters use platinum, palladium, rhodium to reduce NOx, CO, and hydrocarbons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

25. Which type of radiation causes ozone depletion?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Infrared
B) Ultraviolet (UV)
C) Gamma rays
D) Microwave
Answer:<\/strong> B) Ultraviolet (UV)
Explanation:<\/strong> UV radiation breaks down CFCs, releasing chlorine that depletes ozone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

26. Which of the following is the most common indicator of water pollution?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) BOD
B) COD
C) DO
D) TDS
Answer:<\/strong> A) BOD
Explanation:<\/strong> Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) measures the oxygen consumed by microbes; higher BOD = higher pollution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

27. Which disease is caused by drinking water contaminated with arsenic?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Fluorosis
B) Minamata disease
C) Itai-itai disease
D) Arsenicosis
Answer:<\/strong> D) Arsenicosis
Explanation:<\/strong> Arsenic in groundwater causes skin lesions, cancers, and organ damage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

28. The presence of coliform bacteria in water indicates:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Chemical pollution
B) Industrial waste
C) Fecal contamination
D) Salinity
Answer:<\/strong> C) Fecal contamination
Explanation:<\/strong> Coliforms are used as biological indicators of sewage pollution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

29. The highest percentage of water pollution in India is caused by:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Industrial waste
B) Agricultural runoff
C) Domestic sewage
D) Oil spills
Answer:<\/strong> C) Domestic sewage
Explanation:<\/strong> More than 70% of water pollution in India is due to untreated sewage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

30. Eutrophication in lakes is mainly due to:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Oil spills
B) Acid rain
C) Excess nitrogen and phosphorus
D) Heavy metals
Answer:<\/strong> C) Excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Explanation:<\/strong> Nutrient enrichment \u2192 algal blooms \u2192 oxygen depletion \u2192 fish kills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

31. The hardness of water is due to:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Calcium and magnesium salts
B) Sodium salts
C) Potassium salts
D) Iron salts
Answer:<\/strong> A) Calcium and magnesium salts
Explanation:<\/strong> Permanent hardness is caused by Ca\u00b2\u207a and Mg\u00b2\u207a ions in water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

32. The Ganga Action Plan (GAP) was launched in:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) 1974
B) 1985
C) 1991
D) 2000
Answer:<\/strong> B) 1985
Explanation:<\/strong> GAP was India\u2019s first major river cleaning project, launched in 1985.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

33. Which metal causes “Itai-Itai” disease?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Lead
B) Cadmium
C) Arsenic
D) Mercury
Answer:<\/strong> B) Cadmium
Explanation:<\/strong> Cadmium poisoning in Japan caused bone and kidney damage, known as Itai-Itai disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

34. Which of the following is NOT a water-borne disease?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Typhoid
B) Cholera
C) Hepatitis-A
D) Asthma
Answer:<\/strong> D) Asthma
Explanation:<\/strong> Asthma is air-borne; others are caused by contaminated water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

35. Which method is most suitable for removing oil spills in oceans?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Filtration
B) Bioremediation using oil-eating bacteria
C) Sedimentation
D) Reverse osmosis
Answer:<\/strong> B) Bioremediation using oil-eating bacteria
Explanation:<\/strong> Pseudomonas<\/em> and other microbes degrade hydrocarbons in oil spills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

36. The main cause of soil salinity is:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Excessive irrigation
B) Use of organic manure
C) Deforestation
D) Crop rotation
Answer:<\/strong> A) Excessive irrigation
Explanation:<\/strong> Over-irrigation leads to salt accumulation on soil surface \u2192 salinization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

37. Which heavy metal contaminant is mainly found in industrial effluents like tanneries?
<\/strong><\/mark>A) Lead
B) Chromium
C) Cadmium
D) Arsenic
Answer:<\/strong> B) Chromium
Explanation:<\/strong> Hexavalent chromium from tanneries causes cancer and other diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

38. Soil erosion is mainly caused by:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Afforestation
B) Deforestation
C) Mulching
D) Terrace farming
Answer:<\/strong> B) Deforestation
Explanation:<\/strong> Removal of vegetation cover exposes soil, making it vulnerable to erosion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

39. Which of the following practices increases soil fertility?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Monocropping
B) Overgrazing
C) Crop rotation
D) Soil compaction
Answer:<\/strong> C) Crop rotation
Explanation:<\/strong> Crop rotation restores soil nutrients and reduces pests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

40. Biomedical waste should be disposed of by:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Composting
B) Open dumping
C) Incineration
D) Landfilling only
Answer:<\/strong> C) Incineration
Explanation:<\/strong> Incineration safely destroys infectious biomedical waste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

41. Which of the following is NOT a method of solid waste management?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Recycling
B) Landfilling
C) Incineration
D) Deforestation
Answer:<\/strong> D) Deforestation
Explanation:<\/strong> Deforestation is unrelated to waste management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

42. The process of composting uses:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Heat treatment
B) Microorganisms
C) Chemicals
D) Radiation
Answer:<\/strong> B) Microorganisms
Explanation:<\/strong> Composting uses bacteria and fungi to decompose organic waste into manure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

43. Hazardous waste includes:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Kitchen waste
B) Plastic bags
C) Radioactive waste
D) Paper waste
Answer:<\/strong> C) Radioactive waste
Explanation:<\/strong> Hazardous wastes are toxic, corrosive, flammable, or radioactive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

44. Which solid waste disposal method produces biogas?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Open dumping
B) Sanitary landfilling
C) Composting
D) Anaerobic digestion
Answer:<\/strong> D) Anaerobic digestion
Explanation:<\/strong> Anaerobic digestion of organic waste produces methane-rich biogas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

45. Fly ash is a by-product of:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Fertilizer plants
B) Thermal power plants
C) Oil refineries
D) Cement factories
Answer:<\/strong> B) Thermal power plants
Explanation:<\/strong> Fly ash is produced from burning coal in power plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

46. Plastic waste is a major concern because:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) It is biodegradable
B) It is non-biodegradable and persistent
C) It enriches the soil
D) It increases crop yield
Answer:<\/strong> B) It is non-biodegradable and persistent
Explanation:<\/strong> Plastics remain in the environment for centuries, causing pollution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

47. The most effective method of plastic waste management is:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Burning
B) Recycling
C) Open dumping
D) Landfilling
Answer:<\/strong> B) Recycling
Explanation:<\/strong> Recycling reduces plastic accumulation and saves resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

48. Which country is known for the highest plastic recycling rate?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) USA
B) Japan
C) Germany
D) India
Answer:<\/strong> C) Germany
Explanation:<\/strong> Germany recycles over 65% of its plastic waste, the highest globally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

49. The first solid waste management rule in India was framed in:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) 1974
B) 1986
C) 2000
D) 2016
Answer:<\/strong> C) 2000
Explanation:<\/strong> Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules were introduced in 2000, revised in 2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

50. Leachate is:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) A fertilizer
B) A nutrient solution from compost
C) Liquid that drains from landfills
D) A type of pesticide
Answer:<\/strong> C) Liquid that drains from landfills
Explanation:<\/strong> Leachate is contaminated liquid that percolates through landfill waste, polluting soil and groundwater.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

51. Noise is considered pollution when it exceeds:
<\/strong><\/mark>A) 30 dB
B) 50 dB
C) 70 dB
D) 100 dB
Answer:<\/strong> C) 70 dB
Explanation:<\/strong> Continuous exposure above ~70 dB is harmful and considered noise pollution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

52. The unit of measurement of sound intensity is:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Watt
B) Hertz
C) Decibel (dB)
D) Joule
Answer:<\/strong> C) Decibel (dB)
Explanation:<\/strong> Noise levels are measured in decibels (logarithmic scale).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

53. Which of the following health problems is most commonly caused by prolonged exposure to noise?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Asthma
B) Hearing loss
C) Skin cancer
D) Typhoid
Answer:<\/strong> B) Hearing loss
Explanation:<\/strong> Noise above 85 dB damages the auditory system, leading to hearing loss.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

54. Which of the following is NOT a source of noise pollution?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Loudspeakers
B) Industrial machinery
C) Birds singing
D) Jet engines
Answer:<\/strong> C) Birds singing
Explanation:<\/strong> Bird sounds are natural and not considered pollution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

55. The permissible noise level in residential areas during the night (India CPCB norms) is:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) 40 dB
B) 55 dB
C) 65 dB
D) 75 dB
Answer:<\/strong> A) 40 dB
Explanation:<\/strong> CPCB standards: 55 dB day \/ 45 dB night (residential). Some cities allow up to 40 dB at night.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

56. Which of the following methods reduces noise pollution?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Planting trees
B) Soundproofing
C) Using silencers
D) All of the above
Answer:<\/strong> D) All of the above
Explanation:<\/strong> Noise can be controlled by barriers, green belts, silencers, and regulations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

57. Ionizing radiation includes:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Radio waves
B) Microwaves
C) X-rays and gamma rays
D) Infrared rays
Answer:<\/strong> C) X-rays and gamma rays
Explanation:<\/strong> Ionizing radiation has high energy to remove electrons from atoms, damaging cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

58. Non-ionizing radiation includes:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Ultraviolet, microwave, radio waves
B) Gamma rays
C) X-rays
D) Cosmic rays
Answer:<\/strong> A) Ultraviolet, microwave, radio waves
Explanation:<\/strong> Non-ionizing radiation has lower energy and doesn\u2019t ionize atoms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

59. Which nuclear disaster occurred in Ukraine in 1986?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Three Mile Island
B) Chernobyl
C) Fukushima
D) Hiroshima
Answer:<\/strong> B) Chernobyl
Explanation:<\/strong> Chernobyl (1986) was the world\u2019s worst nuclear disaster, releasing massive radiation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

60. Which nuclear accident occurred in Japan in 2011 due to a tsunami?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Chernobyl
B) Fukushima Daiichi
C) Three Mile Island
D) Tokaimura
Answer:<\/strong> B) Fukushima Daiichi
Explanation:<\/strong> The 2011 earthquake-tsunami damaged Fukushima reactors, releasing radiation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

61. Radiation sickness primarily affects which cells first?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Muscle cells
B) Blood cells
C) Bone cells
D) Nerve cells
Answer:<\/strong> B) Blood cells
Explanation:<\/strong> Bone marrow and blood cells divide rapidly and are most sensitive to radiation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

62. Radioactive isotope used in treatment of thyroid disorders is:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Cobalt-60
B) Iodine-131
C) Cesium-137
D) Uranium-238
Answer:<\/strong> B) Iodine-131
Explanation:<\/strong> I-131 is used in diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

63. The major greenhouse gases are:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) CO\u2082, CH\u2084, N\u2082O, CFCs
B) O\u2082, N\u2082, CO\u2082, CH\u2084
C) CO, SO\u2082, NOx, O\u2083
D) H\u2082, O\u2082, CH\u2084, CO\u2082
Answer:<\/strong> A) CO\u2082, CH\u2084, N\u2082O, CFCs
Explanation:<\/strong> These are the four major anthropogenic greenhouse gases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

64. Which gas contributes maximum to global warming by volume?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Methane
B) Nitrous oxide
C) Carbon dioxide
D) CFCs
Answer:<\/strong> C) Carbon dioxide
Explanation:<\/strong> Though less potent, CO\u2082 is most abundant and contributes most to warming.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

65. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established in:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) 1972
B) 1988
C) 1992
D) 2000
Answer:<\/strong> B) 1988
Explanation:<\/strong> IPCC was formed by UNEP & WMO to assess climate change science.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

66. The Kyoto Protocol (1997) aimed at reducing:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Deforestation
B) Greenhouse gas emissions
C) Ozone depletion
D) Acid rain
Answer:<\/strong> B) Greenhouse gas emissions
Explanation:<\/strong> Kyoto set binding targets for reducing GHG emissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

67. The Paris Climate Agreement was adopted in:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) 2005
B) 2010
C) 2015
D) 2020
Answer:<\/strong> C) 2015
Explanation:<\/strong> Paris Agreement (COP21) aims to limit global warming to below 2\u00b0C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

68. The main aim of the Montreal Protocol (1987) is to phase out:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) CFCs
B) CO\u2082
C) Methane
D) NO\u2082
Answer:<\/strong> A) CFCs
Explanation:<\/strong> Montreal Protocol regulates ozone-depleting substances like CFCs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

69. Global warming potential (GWP) of CO\u2082 is taken as:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) 0
B) 1
C) 10
D) 100
Answer:<\/strong> B) 1
Explanation:<\/strong> GWP of CO\u2082 is the baseline against which other gases are compared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

70. Which gas has the highest GWP?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) CO\u2082
B) CH\u2084
C) N\u2082O
D) CFCs
Answer:<\/strong> D) CFCs
Explanation:<\/strong> CFCs have GWP thousands of times higher than CO\u2082.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

71. Sea-level rise is mainly caused by:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Seismic activity
B) Melting glaciers and thermal expansion of water
C) Tides
D) Ocean currents
Answer:<\/strong> B) Melting glaciers and thermal expansion of water
Explanation:<\/strong> Global warming causes ice melt and expansion of seawater.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

72. Which of the following is NOT a consequence of climate change?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) More floods and droughts
B) Melting glaciers
C) Ozone layer thickening
D) Sea level rise
Answer:<\/strong> C) Ozone layer thickening
Explanation:<\/strong> Climate change causes warming effects; ozone depletion is a separate issue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

73. Carbon trading is related to:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Water pollution control
B) Air quality improvement
C) Reduction of greenhouse gases
D) Noise regulation
Answer:<\/strong> C) Reduction of greenhouse gases
Explanation:<\/strong> Carbon trading allows countries to buy\/sell carbon credits to meet emission targets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

74. Which country is the largest emitter of CO\u2082 as of 2022?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) USA
B) China
C) India
D) Russia
Answer:<\/strong> B) China
Explanation:<\/strong> China is the largest emitter of CO\u2082, followed by USA and India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

75. Which renewable energy source helps in reducing greenhouse gas emissions?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Coal
B) Oil
C) Solar and wind energy
D) Natural gas
Answer:<\/strong> C) Solar and wind energy
Explanation:<\/strong> Renewable sources reduce dependency on fossil fuels, lowering emissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

76. Which gas is mainly responsible for photochemical smog?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) SO\u2082
B) NO\u2082
C) CO
D) CO\u2082
Answer:<\/strong> B) NO\u2082
Explanation:<\/strong> Photochemical smog is formed by reaction of NO\u2082 and hydrocarbons in sunlight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

77. \u201cGreenhouse gas which also depletes ozone layer\u201d is:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) CO\u2082
B) CH\u2084
C) CFCs
D) N\u2082O
Answer:<\/strong> C) CFCs
Explanation:<\/strong> CFCs trap heat and also release chlorine atoms that destroy ozone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

78. Which of the following is a biodegradable pollutant?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Sewage
B) DDT
C) Mercury
D) Plastics
Answer:<\/strong> A) Sewage
Explanation:<\/strong> Sewage decomposes naturally by microorganisms, unlike non-biodegradable pollutants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

79. The device used in automobiles to reduce emissions of CO and NOx is:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Bag filter
B) Catalytic converter
C) Scrubber
D) Electrostatic precipitator
Answer:<\/strong> B) Catalytic converter
Explanation:<\/strong> Catalytic converters convert CO \u2192 CO\u2082 and NOx \u2192 N\u2082.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

80. Which of the following is an example of point source pollution?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Agricultural runoff
B) Sewage discharge pipe
C) Acid rain
D) Urban stormwater
Answer:<\/strong> B) Sewage discharge pipe
Explanation:<\/strong> Point source = pollution from identifiable, fixed location.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

81. Which is the best method to control industrial noise?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Planting trees
B) Green belts
C) Soundproof enclosures
D) Relocation of industries
Answer:<\/strong> C) Soundproof enclosures
Explanation:<\/strong> Enclosing noisy machines reduces industrial noise effectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

82. Which is the main cause of indoor air pollution in rural India?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) CFCs
B) Biomass burning
C) Vehicle emissions
D) Plastic waste
Answer:<\/strong> B) Biomass burning
Explanation:<\/strong> Use of firewood, cow dung, and crop residues indoors releases smoke and particulates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

83. The \u201csafe\u201d level of fluorides in drinking water is:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) 0.5 ppm
B) 1.0 ppm
C) 3.0 ppm
D) 5.0 ppm
Answer:<\/strong> B) 1.0 ppm
Explanation:<\/strong> 1 ppm fluoride prevents dental caries; excess causes fluorosis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

84. Which type of pollution control method is used in thermal power plants to capture fly ash?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Cyclone separator
B) Bag filter
C) Electrostatic precipitator
D) All of these
Answer:<\/strong> D) All of these
Explanation:<\/strong> ESPs, bag filters, and cyclone separators are common devices for fly ash control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

85. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in India is mandatory under:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Air Act, 1981
B) Environment Protection Act, 1986
C) Forest Act, 1927
D) Water Act, 1974
Answer:<\/strong> B) Environment Protection Act, 1986
Explanation:<\/strong> EIA is a legal requirement under EPA, 1986 for developmental projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

86. Which of the following is NOT a renewable energy resource?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Solar
B) Wind
C) Natural gas
D) Biomass
Answer:<\/strong> C) Natural gas
Explanation:<\/strong> Natural gas is fossil-based and non-renewable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

87. Pollutant that causes bone deformity (skeletal fluorosis) is:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Lead
B) Arsenic
C) Fluoride
D) Cadmium
Answer:<\/strong> C) Fluoride
Explanation:<\/strong> Excess fluoride intake leads to fluorosis affecting bones and teeth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

88. The concept of \u201cPolluter Pays Principle\u201d means:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Polluters are exempted from fines
B) Polluters must bear cost of pollution control and damage
C) Government pays for pollution cleanup
D) Public pays for pollution damage
Answer:<\/strong> B) Polluters must bear cost of pollution control and damage
Explanation:<\/strong> It ensures accountability of industries\/individuals causing pollution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

89. The major pollutant of thermal power plants is:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) CO\u2082
B) Fly ash
C) SO\u2082
D) All of the above
Answer:<\/strong> D) All of the above
Explanation:<\/strong> Coal-fired plants emit CO\u2082, SO\u2082, and large amounts of fly ash.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

90. Which protocol is related to hazardous waste movement across countries?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Basel Convention
B) Kyoto Protocol
C) Montreal Protocol
D) Nagoya Protocol
Answer:<\/strong> A) Basel Convention
Explanation:<\/strong> Basel Convention (1989) controls transboundary movement of hazardous waste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

91. Which one of the following is used as a biological indicator of water pollution?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Fish
B) Algae
C) Coliform bacteria
D) Snakes
Answer:<\/strong> C) Coliform bacteria
Explanation:<\/strong> Coliforms indicate fecal contamination in water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

92. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is associated with:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Montreal Protocol
B) Kyoto Protocol
C) Paris Agreement
D) Basel Convention
Answer:<\/strong> B) Kyoto Protocol
Explanation:<\/strong> CDM allows developed nations to invest in emission-reduction projects in developing nations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

93. Which chemical was responsible for the Bhopal gas disaster (1984)?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Phosgene
B) Methyl isocyanate (MIC)
C) Ammonia
D) Chlorine
Answer:<\/strong> B) Methyl isocyanate (MIC)
Explanation:<\/strong> MIC leakage caused thousands of deaths in Bhopal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

94. Which of the following is NOT a strategy for solid waste management?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Reduce
B) Reuse
C) Recycle
D) Relocate
Answer:<\/strong> D) Relocate
Explanation:<\/strong> The 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) are sustainable waste management principles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

95. The organization that monitors global climate change is:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) WHO
B) IPCC
C) WWF
D) UNEP only
Answer:<\/strong> B) IPCC
Explanation:<\/strong> Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides scientific assessments on climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

96. The instrument used to measure particulate matter in air is:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Lux meter
B) Sonometer
C) High-volume sampler
D) Hygrometer
Answer:<\/strong> C) High-volume sampler
Explanation:<\/strong> High-volume samplers collect suspended particulates for analysis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

97. Which of the following is a natural pollutant?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Volcanic ash
B) Plastics
C) CFCs
D) Pesticides
Answer:<\/strong> A) Volcanic ash
Explanation:<\/strong> Natural events like volcanoes release ash and gases into the atmosphere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

98. The main pollutant responsible for smog in cities is:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) NOx and hydrocarbons
B) O\u2082 and N\u2082
C) CO\u2082
D) H\u2082
Answer:<\/strong> A) NOx and hydrocarbons
Explanation:<\/strong> These react in sunlight to form photochemical smog.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

99. Which of the following is an example of an artificial ecosystem?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Forest
B) Lake
C) Aquarium
D) Desert
Answer:<\/strong> C) Aquarium
Explanation:<\/strong> Aquariums are man-made, controlled ecosystems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

100. Sustainable development means:<\/strong><\/mark>
A) Development at any cost
<\/mark>B) Development that meets present needs without compromising future generations
C) Only industrial development
D) No development at all
Answer:<\/strong> B) Development that meets present needs without compromising future generations
Explanation:<\/strong> Sustainable development balances economic growth with environmental protection.<\/p>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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