{"id":13042,"date":"2025-09-26T08:34:18","date_gmt":"2025-09-26T07:34:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/?p=13042"},"modified":"2025-10-22T11:49:44","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T10:49:44","slug":"environmental-issues-top-100-mcqs-with-answer-and-explanation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/2025\/09\/26\/environmental-issues-top-100-mcqs-with-answer-and-explanation\/","title":{"rendered":"Environmental Issues Top 100 MCQs With Answer and Explanation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

1. The major cause of environmental problems worldwide is:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Population growth
B) Industrialization
C) Deforestation
D) All of the above
Answer:<\/strong> D) All of the above
Explanation:<\/strong> Population pressure, industrialization, and deforestation together drive pollution and resource depletion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. The term \u201cenvironment\u201d includes:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Only living components
B) Only non-living components
C) Both living and non-living components
D) Only atmosphere
Answer:<\/strong> C) Both living and non-living components
Explanation:<\/strong> Environment = biotic (plants, animals) + abiotic (air, water, soil).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. The global conference that first discussed sustainable development was:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Stockholm Conference, 1972
B) Rio Summit, 1992
C) Kyoto Protocol, 1997
D) Paris Agreement, 2015
Answer:<\/strong> A) Stockholm Conference, 1972
Explanation:<\/strong> UN Stockholm Conference was the first global environmental summit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. The main pollutant causing acid rain is:<\/mark>
<\/strong>A) CO\u2082
<\/strong>B) SO\u2082 and NOx
C) CH\u2084
D) O\u2083
Answer:<\/strong> B) SO\u2082 and NOx
Explanation:<\/strong> They form sulphuric and nitric acids \u2192 acid rain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. The greenhouse effect is caused due to:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Excess oxygen
B) Excess greenhouse gases trapping heat
C) Increased rainfall
D) Soil erosion
Answer:<\/strong> B) Excess greenhouse gases trapping heat
Explanation:<\/strong> Gases like CO\u2082, CH\u2084, and CFCs trap infrared radiation, warming Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Which country is the largest contributor to CO\u2082 emissions (2022)?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) India
B) USA
C) China
D) Russia
Answer:<\/strong> C) China
Explanation:<\/strong> China emits the most CO\u2082 globally, followed by USA and India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. The main cause of global warming is:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Greenhouse gas emissions
B) Deforestation
C) Fossil fuel burning
D) All of these
Answer:<\/strong> D) All of these
Explanation:<\/strong> Fossil fuels, deforestation, and GHG emissions together cause global warming.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. The major ozone-depleting substances (ODS) are:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) CFCs
B) CO\u2082
C) SO\u2082
D) N\u2082
Answer:<\/strong> A) CFCs
Explanation:<\/strong> Chlorofluorocarbons break down ozone molecules in the stratosphere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. Bhopal Gas Tragedy (1984) was caused by leakage of:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Ammonia
B) Methyl isocyanate (MIC)
C) Chlorine
D) Phosgene
Answer:<\/strong> B) Methyl isocyanate (MIC)
Explanation:<\/strong> MIC leak killed thousands, becoming India\u2019s worst industrial disaster.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. Photochemical smog mainly occurs in:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Cold winters
B) Sunny, warm climates
C) Rainy days
D) Arctic regions
Answer:<\/strong> B) Sunny, warm climates
Explanation:<\/strong> Photochemical smog forms by reaction of NOx and hydrocarbons under sunlight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11. The \u201cSilent Spring\u201d (1962) by Rachel Carson highlighted dangers of:
<\/strong><\/mark>A) Air pollution
B) Pesticides (DDT)
C) Plastic waste
D) Mining
Answer:<\/strong> B) Pesticides (DDT)
Explanation:<\/strong> The book warned against pesticide overuse and bioaccumulation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12. Which pollutant causes blue baby syndrome?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Fluoride
B) Nitrate
C) Lead
D) Mercury
Answer:<\/strong> B) Nitrate
Explanation:<\/strong> High nitrate in drinking water causes methemoglobinemia in infants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13. Which environmental problem is caused by excess nutrients in water?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Biomagnification
B) Eutrophication
C) Acidification
D) Desertification
Answer:<\/strong> B) Eutrophication
Explanation:<\/strong> Nitrogen & phosphorus enrichment causes algal blooms and oxygen depletion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14. The gas mainly responsible for greenhouse effect is:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) O\u2082
B) CO\u2082
C) N\u2082
D) H\u2082
Answer:<\/strong> B) CO\u2082
Explanation:<\/strong> Carbon dioxide is the most abundant anthropogenic greenhouse gas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

15. The Taj Mahal in India is affected by:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Noise pollution
B) Air pollution (acid rain)
C) Radioactive pollution
D) Plastic waste
Answer:<\/strong> B) Air pollution (acid rain)
Explanation:<\/strong> SO\u2082 from industries causes marble corrosion (“marble cancer”).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

16. The World Environment Day is celebrated every year on:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) 22nd April
B) 5th June
C) 1st December
D) 21st March
Answer:<\/strong> B) 5th June
Explanation:<\/strong> UN declared June 5 as World Environment Day in 1974.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

17. The term \u201cDesertification\u201d refers to:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Natural desert formation
B) Conversion of fertile land into desert due to overuse
C) Growth of sand dunes
D) Excess rainfall in deserts
Answer:<\/strong> B) Conversion of fertile land into desert due to overuse
Explanation:<\/strong> Overgrazing, deforestation, and climate change accelerate desertification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

18. The main source of indoor air pollution in rural India is:
<\/strong><\/mark>A) Plastics
B) Biomass burning (wood, dung, crop residues)
C) Automobiles
D) Industrial smoke
Answer:<\/strong> B) Biomass burning (wood, dung, crop residues)
Explanation:<\/strong> Indoor smoke from biomass cooking fuels causes respiratory diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

19. Which disease is caused by mercury pollution?
<\/strong><\/mark>A) Fluorosis
B) Minamata disease
C) Itai-itai disease
D) Silicosis
Answer:<\/strong> B) Minamata disease
Explanation:<\/strong> Mercury poisoning in Japan caused neurological disease (Minamata).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

20. Which disease is caused by cadmium pollution?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Blue baby syndrome
B) Itai-itai disease
C) Asthma
D) Skin cancer
Answer:<\/strong> B) Itai-itai disease
Explanation:<\/strong> Cadmium contamination in Japan caused bone pain and kidney damage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

21. Which of the following is NOT a renewable energy source?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Solar
B) Wind
C) Coal
D) Biomass
Answer:<\/strong> C) Coal
Explanation:<\/strong> Coal is a non-renewable fossil fuel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

22. Which of the following gases is NOT a greenhouse gas?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) CO\u2082
B) CH\u2084
C) O\u2082
D) N\u2082O
Answer:<\/strong> C) O\u2082
Explanation:<\/strong> Oxygen is not a heat-trapping greenhouse gas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

23. Which is the largest terrestrial carbon sink?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Forests
B) Oceans
C) Grasslands
D) Wetlands
Answer:<\/strong> A) Forests
Explanation:<\/strong> Forests store huge amounts of carbon in vegetation and soils.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

24. The Kyoto Protocol (1997) is related to:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Biodiversity conservation
B) Greenhouse gas emission reduction
C) Acid rain control
D) Water pollution
Answer:<\/strong> B) Greenhouse gas emission reduction
Explanation:<\/strong> Kyoto set binding emission reduction targets for developed nations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

25. The Paris Climate Agreement (2015) aims to:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Ban plastics
B) Stop deforestation
C) Limit global warming to below 2\u00b0C
D) Eliminate fossil fuels
Answer:<\/strong> C) Limit global warming to below 2\u00b0C
Explanation:<\/strong> Paris Agreement focuses on reducing emissions to limit warming.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

26. The major cause of biodiversity loss is:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Habitat destruction
B) Overexploitation
C) Pollution
D) All of these
Answer:<\/strong> D) All of these
Explanation:<\/strong> Habitat loss, overuse, invasive species, and pollution together drive biodiversity decline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

27. Species found only in a particular region and nowhere else are called:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Endangered species
B) Endemic species
C) Exotic species
D) Keystone species
Answer:<\/strong> B) Endemic species
Explanation:<\/strong> Endemic species are restricted to a particular area (e.g., Nilgiri Tahr in Western Ghats).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

28. Which is the largest biodiversity hotspot in India?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Indo-Burma region
B) Himalaya
C) Western Ghats
D) Sundarbans
Answer:<\/strong> B) Himalaya
Explanation:<\/strong> The Himalaya hotspot covers the entire Indian Himalayan region and Indo-Burma transitions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

29. Which of the following is a keystone species?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Tiger
B) Cow
C) Dog
D) Rabbit
Answer:<\/strong> A) Tiger
Explanation:<\/strong> Keystone species maintain ecological balance by regulating prey populations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

30. The IUCN Red List classifies species based on:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Population size and risk of extinction
B) Migration patterns
C) Commercial value
D) Color of skin\/fur
Answer:<\/strong> A) Population size and risk of extinction
Explanation:<\/strong> IUCN categorizes species as endangered, vulnerable, critically endangered, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

31. Which Indian bird is critically endangered?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Peacock
B) Great Indian Bustard
C) Crow
D) Parakeet
Answer:<\/strong> B) Great Indian Bustard
Explanation:<\/strong> The Great Indian Bustard is one of the most threatened bird species.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

32. Deforestation leads to:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Soil erosion
B) Loss of biodiversity
C) Climate change
D) All of these
Answer:<\/strong> D) All of these
Explanation:<\/strong> Deforestation destabilizes ecosystems and accelerates global warming.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

33. Slash-and-burn agriculture is also known as:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Plantation farming
B) Shifting cultivation
C) Terrace farming
D) Monoculture
Answer:<\/strong> B) Shifting cultivation
Explanation:<\/strong> Forests are cleared and burned for temporary farming, common in Northeast India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

34. The Chipko Movement was related to:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Wildlife hunting
B) Forest conservation
C) Water conservation
D) Anti-pollution campaign
Answer:<\/strong> B) Forest conservation
Explanation:<\/strong> Villagers hugged trees to prevent deforestation in 1970s Uttarakhand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

35. Which biome has maximum species richness?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Desert
B) Tundra
C) Tropical rainforest
D) Grassland
Answer:<\/strong> C) Tropical rainforest
Explanation:<\/strong> Rainforests near the equator have highest biodiversity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

36. Which human activity is the leading cause of land degradation in India?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Over-irrigation
B) Overgrazing
C) Mining
D) Deforestation
Answer:<\/strong> D) Deforestation
Explanation:<\/strong> Large-scale tree cutting is the main cause of soil erosion and land degradation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

37. The process of conversion of fertile land into desert is called:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Deforestation
B) Desertification
C) Salinization
D) Eutrophication
Answer:<\/strong> B) Desertification
Explanation:<\/strong> Desertification occurs due to deforestation, overgrazing, and climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

38. Jhum cultivation in Northeast India is an example of:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Sustainable agriculture
B) Intensive farming
C) Shifting cultivation
D) Plantation farming
Answer:<\/strong> C) Shifting cultivation
Explanation:<\/strong> Farmers clear forests, grow crops, and later abandon the land.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

39. Which is NOT a consequence of deforestation?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Increase in groundwater recharge
B) Increase in global warming
C) Loss of biodiversity
D) Soil erosion
Answer:<\/strong> A) Increase in groundwater recharge
Explanation:<\/strong> Deforestation decreases groundwater recharge due to loss of vegetation cover.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

40. Sacred groves in India are important for:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Hunting grounds
B) Biodiversity conservation
C) Timber production
D) Urban expansion
Answer:<\/strong> B) Biodiversity conservation
Explanation:<\/strong> Sacred groves preserve native biodiversity and cultural heritage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

41. Which of the following is NOT a direct driver of biodiversity loss?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Habitat loss
B) Invasive species
C) Climate change
D) Ecotourism
Answer:<\/strong> D) Ecotourism
Explanation:<\/strong> Ecotourism, if well managed, supports conservation rather than loss.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

42. Project Tiger was launched in India in:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) 1969
B) 1973
C) 1985
D) 1992
Answer:<\/strong> B) 1973
Explanation:<\/strong> Project Tiger was started to conserve the endangered Bengal tiger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

43. Which of the following is an invasive alien species in India?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Banyan tree
B) Lantana camara
C) Neem
D) Teak
Answer:<\/strong> B) Lantana camara
Explanation:<\/strong> Lantana spreads rapidly, replacing native plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

44. Soil salinity in Punjab and Haryana is mainly caused by:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Rainfall
B) Over-irrigation
C) Mining
D) Forest fires
Answer:<\/strong> B) Over-irrigation
Explanation:<\/strong> Excess irrigation raises groundwater levels, leaving salts on soil surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

45. Which Indian act provides legal protection to forests?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Forest Conservation Act, 1980
B) Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
C) Environment Protection Act, 1986
D) Water Act, 1974
Answer:<\/strong> A) Forest Conservation Act, 1980
Explanation:<\/strong> This act restricts diversion of forest land for non-forest purposes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

46. Which term refers to gradual replacement of natural vegetation with human settlements?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Ecological succession
B) Urbanization
C) Natural selection
D) Reforestation
Answer:<\/strong> B) Urbanization
Explanation:<\/strong> Urbanization destroys natural habitats, reducing biodiversity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

47. Which of the following is NOT a Ramsar site (wetland of international importance) in India?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Chilika Lake
B) Loktak Lake
C) Sundarbans
D) Thar Desert
Answer:<\/strong> D) Thar Desert
Explanation:<\/strong> Ramsar sites are wetlands; Thar Desert is arid land, not a wetland.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

48. Which international agreement deals with conservation of migratory species?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Montreal Protocol
B) CMS (Bonn Convention)
C) Basel Convention
D) Kyoto Protocol
Answer:<\/strong> B) CMS (Bonn Convention)
Explanation:<\/strong> CMS protects migratory animals across international borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

49. The Sundarbans are famous for:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Olive ridley turtles
B) Bengal tigers and mangrove forests
C) Coral reefs
D) Desert vegetation
Answer:<\/strong> B) Bengal tigers and mangrove forests
Explanation:<\/strong> Sundarbans (UNESCO site) are the world\u2019s largest mangrove ecosystem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

50. Which of the following practices is most effective in preventing land degradation?<\/mark><\/strong>
A) Monocropping
B) Overgrazing
C) Afforestation
D) Open mining
Answer:<\/strong> C) Afforestation
Explanation:<\/strong> Planting trees prevents soil erosion, improves soil fertility, and restores ecosystems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

51. The primary cause of climate change is:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Rotation of Earth
B) Greenhouse gas emissions
C) Ocean currents
D) Solar eclipse
Answer:<\/strong> B) Greenhouse gas emissions
Explanation:<\/strong> Human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation increase GHGs, driving climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

52. The most abundant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere is:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) CO\u2082
B) Water vapor
C) Methane
D) Ozone
Answer:<\/strong> B) Water vapor
Explanation:<\/strong> Naturally occurring water vapor is the largest contributor, but CO\u2082 from humans is the most important.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

53. Which gas has the highest global warming potential (GWP)?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) CO\u2082
B) CH\u2084
C) N\u2082O
D) CFCs
Answer:<\/strong> D) CFCs
Explanation:<\/strong> CFCs have GWP thousands of times higher than CO\u2082.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

54. The global warming potential (GWP) of CO\u2082 is taken as:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) 0
B) 1
C) 10
D) 100
Answer:<\/strong> B) 1
Explanation:<\/strong> CO\u2082 is the reference gas with GWP = 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

55. Which international treaty aims to control greenhouse gas emissions?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Montreal Protocol
B) Kyoto Protocol
C) Basel Convention
D) Stockholm Convention
Answer:<\/strong> B) Kyoto Protocol
Explanation:<\/strong> Kyoto Protocol (1997) sets binding emission reduction targets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

56. The Paris Agreement (2015) aims to limit global warming to:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Below 3\u00b0C
B) Below 2\u00b0C, preferably 1.5\u00b0C
C) Exactly 2.5\u00b0C
D) No target
Answer:<\/strong> B) Below 2\u00b0C, preferably 1.5\u00b0C
Explanation:<\/strong> Paris Agreement strengthens global climate action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

57. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established in:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) 1972
B) 1988
C) 1992
D) 2005
Answer:<\/strong> B) 1988
Explanation:<\/strong> IPCC was created by UNEP and WMO to assess climate change science.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

58. Sea-level rise is mainly due to:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Tides
B) Melting glaciers and thermal expansion
C) Seismic activity
D) Ocean currents
Answer:<\/strong> B) Melting glaciers and thermal expansion
Explanation:<\/strong> Global warming melts ice caps and expands seawater, raising sea levels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

59. Which country is the largest per capita emitter of CO\u2082?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) USA
B) China
C) India
D) Russia
Answer:<\/strong> A) USA
Explanation:<\/strong> China leads in total emissions, but USA has higher per capita emissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

60. El Ni\u00f1o phenomenon is associated with:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Ozone hole
B) Ocean warming in Pacific
C) Deforestation
D) Monoculture farming
Answer:<\/strong> B) Ocean warming in Pacific
Explanation:<\/strong> El Ni\u00f1o disrupts global weather by warming Pacific Ocean waters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

61. Carbon trading is a mechanism under:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Montreal Protocol
B) Kyoto Protocol
C) Basel Convention
D) Paris Agreement
Answer:<\/strong> B) Kyoto Protocol
Explanation:<\/strong> Kyoto introduced carbon credits and Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

62. Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) CO\u2082
B) CH\u2084
C) O\u2082
D) N\u2082O
Answer:<\/strong> C) O\u2082
Explanation:<\/strong> Oxygen does not trap heat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

63. Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Troposphere
B) Stratosphere
C) Mesosphere
D) Thermosphere
Answer:<\/strong> B) Stratosphere
Explanation:<\/strong> Ozone is concentrated in the stratosphere (15\u201335 km altitude).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

64. The ozone hole is most prominent over:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Arctic
B) Antarctica
C) Equator
D) Europe
Answer:<\/strong> B) Antarctica
Explanation:<\/strong> Polar stratospheric clouds enhance ozone depletion over Antarctica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

65. Which gas family is primarily responsible for ozone depletion?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Hydrocarbons
B) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
C) Carbon oxides
D) Nitrogen oxides
Answer:<\/strong> B) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Explanation:<\/strong> CFCs release chlorine atoms that destroy ozone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

66. The Montreal Protocol (1987) is related to:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Climate change
B) Ozone-depleting substances
C) Hazardous waste trade
D) Desertification
Answer:<\/strong> B) Ozone-depleting substances
Explanation:<\/strong> Montreal phased out CFCs and other ozone-depleting chemicals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

67. Dobson Unit (DU) is used to measure:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Air pollution
B) Noise level
C) Ozone thickness
D) Carbon emissions
Answer:<\/strong> C) Ozone thickness
Explanation:<\/strong> 1 DU = 0.01 mm thickness of ozone at STP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

68. Normal thickness of ozone layer is about:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) 50\u2013100 DU
B) 200\u2013300 DU
C) 400\u2013500 DU
D) 800 DU
Answer:<\/strong> B) 200\u2013300 DU
Explanation:<\/strong> Average ozone column thickness is 220\u2013320 DU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

69. Excessive UV radiation due to ozone depletion causes:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Skin cancer
B) Cataracts
C) Reduced crop yield
D) All of these
Answer:<\/strong> D) All of these
Explanation:<\/strong> UV exposure harms health and ecosystems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

70. Which of the following gases is both a greenhouse gas and an ozone-depleting substance?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) CO\u2082
B) CH\u2084
C) N\u2082O
D) O\u2082
Answer:<\/strong> C) N\u2082O
Explanation:<\/strong> Nitrous oxide contributes to warming and ozone destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

71. \u201cGlobal dimming\u201d refers to:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Increase in sunlight reaching Earth
B) Decrease in sunlight reaching Earth due to aerosols
C) Ozone depletion
D) Greenhouse effect
Answer:<\/strong> B) Decrease in sunlight reaching Earth due to aerosols
Explanation:<\/strong> Aerosols reflect solar radiation, reducing sunlight at Earth\u2019s surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

72. Which is a natural greenhouse gas source?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Fossil fuel burning
B) Volcanic eruptions
C) Automobiles
D) Power plants
Answer:<\/strong> B) Volcanic eruptions
Explanation:<\/strong> Volcanoes emit CO\u2082 and water vapor naturally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

73. Which international body monitors climate change?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) WHO
B) IPCC
C) WTO
D) FAO
Answer:<\/strong> B) IPCC
Explanation:<\/strong> The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assesses climate science.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

74. The Kyoto Protocol is legally binding, but the Paris Agreement is:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Non-binding
B) Voluntary with nationally determined contributions (NDCs)
C) Focused only on forests
D) Only for developing nations
Answer:<\/strong> B) Voluntary with nationally determined contributions (NDCs)
Explanation:<\/strong> Paris relies on voluntary emission pledges by countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

75. Ozone depletion has been successfully reduced due to:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Kyoto Protocol
B) Montreal Protocol
C) Rio Summit
D) Paris Agreement
Answer:<\/strong> B) Montreal Protocol
Explanation:<\/strong> Global cooperation phased out CFCs, leading to ozone recovery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

76. The concept of sustainable development was popularized by:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Montreal Protocol
B) Brundtland Report (1987)
C) Rio Summit (1992)
D) Kyoto Protocol
Answer:<\/strong> B) Brundtland Report (1987)
Explanation:<\/strong> The Brundtland Commission defined sustainable development as meeting present needs without compromising future generations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

77. The principle of \u201cReduce, Reuse, Recycle\u201d is also known as:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Waste hierarchy
B) Environmental pyramid
C) Greenhouse strategy
D) Eco-labeling
Answer:<\/strong> A) Waste hierarchy
Explanation:<\/strong> The 3Rs form the waste management hierarchy to minimize waste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

78. The Polluter Pays Principle means:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) The polluter is exempted from fines
B) Government pays for pollution control
C) Polluter bears the cost of prevention and cleanup
D) Pollution is allowed freely
Answer:<\/strong> C) Polluter bears the cost of prevention and cleanup
Explanation:<\/strong> It ensures accountability and responsibility of polluters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

79. Which of the following is an example of biomagnification?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Lead in soil
B) Mercury in fish
C) Plastic waste
D) Carbon dioxide
Answer:<\/strong> B) Mercury in fish
Explanation:<\/strong> Mercury accumulates in fish and magnifies up the food chain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

80. Which Indian river is most polluted due to untreated sewage?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Ganga
B) Yamuna
C) Godavari
D) Cauvery
Answer:<\/strong> B) Yamuna
Explanation:<\/strong> Yamuna receives massive untreated sewage from Delhi, making it highly polluted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

81. The \u201cClean Development Mechanism\u201d (CDM) is associated with:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Montreal Protocol
B) Kyoto Protocol
C) Paris Agreement
D) Basel Convention
Answer:<\/strong> B) Kyoto Protocol
Explanation:<\/strong> CDM allows developed nations to invest in emission reduction projects in developing countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

82. Which of the following is NOT an environmental issue in India?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Air pollution
B) Plastic waste
C) Biodiversity conservation
D) Overpopulation
Answer:<\/strong> C) Biodiversity conservation
Explanation:<\/strong> Conservation is a solution, not an environmental problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

83. The Stockholm Conference (1972) was the first UN conference on:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Human environment
B) Climate change
C) Sustainable development
D) Ozone depletion
Answer:<\/strong> A) Human environment
Explanation:<\/strong> It raised global awareness about environmental protection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

84. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is carried out to:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Assess biodiversity
B) Predict environmental impacts of projects
C) Study ozone depletion
D) Measure soil fertility
Answer:<\/strong> B) Predict environmental impacts of projects
Explanation:<\/strong> EIA identifies potential impacts before project approval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

85. Fly ash is a major pollutant from:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Nuclear plants
B) Thermal power plants
C) Automobile exhaust
D) Textile industries
Answer:<\/strong> B) Thermal power plants
Explanation:<\/strong> Coal burning produces large amounts of fly ash.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

86. Which waste is classified as biomedical?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Kitchen waste
B) Used syringes and bandages
C) Paper waste
D) Metal scrap
Answer:<\/strong> B) Used syringes and bandages
Explanation:<\/strong> Biomedical waste includes hospital waste that may be infectious.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

87. The city with the worst air quality in India (WHO 2022 report) is:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Delhi
B) Kanpur
C) Bhiwadi
D) Ghaziabad
Answer:<\/strong> C) Bhiwadi
Explanation:<\/strong> WHO identified Bhiwadi (Rajasthan) as India\u2019s most polluted city by PM2.5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

88. The term \u201cwhite pollution\u201d refers to:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Acid rain
B) Plastic pollution
C) Oil spills
D) Fly ash
Answer:<\/strong> B) Plastic pollution
Explanation:<\/strong> Plastic waste is called \u201cwhite pollution\u201d because of its color and persistence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

89. Which international convention deals with hazardous waste movement?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Kyoto Protocol
B) Basel Convention
C) Montreal Protocol
D) Ramsar Convention
Answer:<\/strong> B) Basel Convention
Explanation:<\/strong> Basel Convention (1989) regulates transboundary movement of hazardous waste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

90. Which sector contributes maximum to global CO\u2082 emissions?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Industry
B) Transportation
C) Agriculture
D) Energy (power generation)
Answer:<\/strong> D) Energy (power generation)
Explanation:<\/strong> Burning fossil fuels for electricity is the largest emission source.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

91. Which of the following is an effect of noise pollution?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Hearing loss
B) High blood pressure
C) Stress and insomnia
D) All of these
Answer:<\/strong> D) All of these
Explanation:<\/strong> Noise affects hearing, health, and mental well-being.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

92. Which Indian program aims to clean the Ganga River?
<\/strong><\/mark>A) Project Dolphin
B) Namami Gange
C) Green India Mission
D) Jal Jeevan Mission
Answer:<\/strong> B) Namami Gange
Explanation:<\/strong> Launched in 2014 to rejuvenate and clean the Ganga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

93. The largest mangrove forest in the world is:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Sundarbans
B) Amazon Delta
C) Godavari Delta
D) Mekong Delta
Answer:<\/strong> A) Sundarbans
Explanation:<\/strong> Sundarbans (India & Bangladesh) form the world\u2019s largest mangrove ecosystem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

94. Which of the following gases is NOT released by vehicles?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) CO\u2082
B) SO\u2082
C) Ozone
D) CO
Answer:<\/strong> C) Ozone
Explanation:<\/strong> Vehicles emit NOx, CO, SO\u2082, but ozone is a secondary pollutant formed in atmosphere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

95. Which gas causes photochemical smog along with hydrocarbons?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) O\u2082
B) NO\u2082
C) CH\u2084
D) H\u2082
Answer:<\/strong> B) NO\u2082
Explanation:<\/strong> NO\u2082 reacts with hydrocarbons under sunlight to form smog.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

96. Which of the following is NOT a renewable energy source?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Solar
B) Wind
C) Geothermal
D) Natural gas
Answer:<\/strong> D) Natural gas
Explanation:<\/strong> Natural gas is fossil-based and non-renewable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

97. The 2015 Paris Agreement is also known as:
<\/strong><\/mark>A) COP19
B) COP21
C) COP23
D) COP26
Answer:<\/strong> B) COP21
Explanation:<\/strong> Paris Agreement was adopted at COP21 in Paris.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

98. The concept of \u201ccarbon footprint\u201d refers to:
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Amount of water consumed
B) Amount of land used
C) Total greenhouse gases emitted directly\/indirectly
D) Forest area destroyed
Answer:<\/strong> C) Total greenhouse gases emitted directly\/indirectly
Explanation:<\/strong> It measures individual\/organization contribution to climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

99. Which of the following is an international agreement on wetlands?
<\/mark><\/strong>A) Ramsar Convention
B) Basel Convention
C) Kyoto Protocol
D) Nagoya Protocol
Answer:<\/strong> A) Ramsar Convention
Explanation:<\/strong> Ramsar (1971) is a global treaty for wetland conservation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

100. The ultimate aim of environmental protection is:<\/mark><\/strong>
A) Increase industrialization
B) Ensure ecological balance and human well-being
C) Exploit natural resources
D) Ban all technology
Answer:<\/strong> B) Ensure ecological balance and human well-being
Explanation:<\/strong> Environmental protection ensures sustainable use of resources for future generations.<\/p>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. The major cause of environmental problems worldwide is:A) Population growthB) IndustrializationC) DeforestationD) All of the aboveAnswer: D) All of the aboveExplanation: Population pressure, industrialization, and deforestation together drive pollution and resource depletion. 2. The term \u201cenvironment\u201d includes:A) Only living componentsB) Only non-living componentsC) Both living and non-living componentsD) Only atmosphereAnswer: C) Both living and<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"[]"},"categories":[19],"tags":[16740,16651,16665,16669,16794,16787,16786,16768,16686,16737,16649,16792,16668,16741,16797,16783,11011,16804,16673,16666,16798,16635,16800,16638,16802,16672,16803,16784,16667,16790,16805,16729,16788,16785,16723,5649,5623,16533,16795,16655,16744,16789,16777,16793,15561,16660,16658,16801,16678,16799,16750,16791,16731,16656,16796],"class_list":{"0":"post-13042","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-science","7":"tag-acid-rain","8":"tag-air-pollution","9":"tag-climate-change","10":"tag-competitive-exam-environmental-science","11":"tag-conservation-of-resources","12":"tag-deforestation","13":"tag-desertification","14":"tag-e-waste","15":"tag-ecology-and-environment","16":"tag-environment-protection-act","17":"tag-environmental-awareness","18":"tag-environmental-degradation","19":"tag-environmental-education","20":"tag-environmental-health","21":"tag-environmental-issues-and-solutions","22":"tag-environmental-issues-mcqs","23":"tag-environmental-issues-top-100-mcqs-with-answer-and-explanation","24":"tag-environmental-laws","25":"tag-environmental-management","26":"tag-environmental-protection","27":"tag-environmental-quiz","28":"tag-environmental-science-mcqs","29":"tag-environmental-science-notes","30":"tag-environmental-studies","31":"tag-forest-conservation","32":"tag-general-science-mcqs","33":"tag-global-environmental-policies","34":"tag-global-environmental-problems","35":"tag-global-warming","36":"tag-greenhouse-effect","37":"tag-human-impact-on-environment","38":"tag-industrial-pollution","39":"tag-loss-of-biodiversity","40":"tag-major-environmental-issues","41":"tag-marine-pollution","42":"tag-mcqs-for-pc-psi-sda-fda-pdo-vao-banking-kas-ias-ssc-gd-ssc-chsl-ssc-cgl-for-all-compitative-exams","43":"tag-mcqs-for-sda-fda-pdo-vao-banking-kas-ias-ssc-gd-ssc-chsl-ssc-cgl-for-all-compitative-exams","44":"tag-mcqs-with-answers-and-explanations","45":"tag-natural-resource-management","46":"tag-noise-pollution","47":"tag-ozone-layer-depletion","48":"tag-plastic-pollution","49":"tag-pollution-control","50":"tag-population-explosion","51":"tag-renewable-energy","52":"tag-soil-pollution","53":"tag-sustainable-development","54":"tag-sustainable-practices","55":"tag-ugc-net-environmental-science-mcqs","56":"tag-un-environmental-programmes","57":"tag-upsc-environment-questions","58":"tag-urbanization-issues","59":"tag-waste-management","60":"tag-water-pollution","61":"tag-wildlife-conservation"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13042","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13042"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13042\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13070,"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13042\/revisions\/13070"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13042"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13042"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcqsadda.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13042"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}